颅内动脉瘤术中破裂的预防及处理

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤术中破裂的预防及处理的方法。方法 回顾分析2004年12月～2007年7月近3年中开展的显微外科手术治疗动脉瘤69例病例资料,全部病例均采用Yasargil入路,手术分离和夹闭动脉瘤均在显微镜下进行。同时,采用临时阻断载瘤动脉的方法预防和处理术中发生的动脉瘤破裂。结果 所有病例均完全夹闭,其中21例发生术中破裂出血,治愈率达94.3%,死亡率为5.7%.结论 熟练的显微技术和鞍区解剖知识是手术成功的关键,合理使用临时阻断载瘤动脉的方法可有效地预防和处理颅内动脉瘤术中破裂的发生。     

颅内动脉瘤术中破裂的原因及应急处理措施

目的:探讨颅内动脉瘤术中破裂的原因及应急处理措施。方法:35例颅内动脉瘤行开颅夹闭手术。结果:本组术中破裂7例(麻醉诱导至切开硬脑膜时破裂1例,解剖粘连脑池、分离载瘤动脉时破裂2例,牵拉、剥离动脉瘤体及暴露、游离瘤颈时破裂3例,夹闭瘤颈时破裂1例)。其中5例经处理后顺利夹闭;2例术后死于脑疝。结论:术前降颅压及术中仔细操作、良好的暴露和主动截断载瘤动脉供血能减少破裂概率。     

颅内动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的回顾性分析并探讨颅内动脉瘤的手术技巧和防止术中动脉瘤破裂的措施。方法 24例颅内动脉瘤全部采用翼点入路,动脉瘤夹闭术。结果术前Ⅰ～Ⅲ级23例中有2例轻残,无死亡,Ⅳ级1例死亡。结论术中控制性低血压麻醉,暂时阻断载瘤动脉,充分解剖脑池及采用显微外科技术可以减少术中动脉瘤破裂,提高颅内动脉瘤的手术疗效。选择合适的动脉瘤夹及夹闭动脉瘤颈的方法是成功夹闭动脉瘤的重要环节。要注意变异血管以及深穿支血管的处理,以减少手术后并发症。     

颅内动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 回顾性分析并探讨颅内动脉瘤的手术技巧和防止术中动脉瘤破裂的措施。方法 24例颅内动脉瘤全部采用翼点入路，动脉瘤夹闭术。结果 术前Ⅰ—Ⅲ级23例中有2例轻残，无死亡，Ⅳ级1例死亡。结论 术中控制性低血压麻醉，暂时阻断载瘤动脉，充分解剖脑池及采用显微外科技术可以减少术中动脉瘤破裂，提高颅内动脉瘤的手术疗效。选择合适的动脉瘤夹及夹闭动脉瘤颈的方法是成功夹闭动脉瘤的重要环节。要注意变异血管以及深穿支血管的处理，以减少手术后并发症。     

颅内动脉瘤显微手术27例临床分析

目的:介绍27例颅内动脉瘤显微神经外科手术的经验,探讨显微手术技巧及动脉瘤破裂的处理。方法:在气管插管全麻及控制性低血压下手术。多采用改进的Y asarg il入路,在显微镜直视下操作,解剖动脉瘤颈,稳妥地夹闭瘤蒂,必要时行瘤体切除或瘤颈加固。结果:本组27例行动脉瘤颈夹闭术,2例因瘤体巨大故在瘤颈夹闭后行瘤体切除术,治愈率为92.5%。术中动脉瘤破裂6例,死亡2例,死亡率为7.3%。结论:显微神经外科技术对提高颅内动脉瘤手术成功率具有重要作用,动脉瘤术中破裂出血是手术失败和致死的重要原因。有预见性地采用控制性低血压和暂时阻断载瘤动脉是术中动脉瘤破裂出血时的重要应急措施。     

颅内动脉瘤13例手术体会

目的:介绍13例颅内动脉瘤显微神经外科手术的疗效,探讨显微手术技巧及动脉瘤破裂的处理方法。方法:对13例颅内动脉瘤按照Hunt-Hess分级,其中Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例,根据术前DSA显示动脉瘤部位,结合CT等判断破裂动脉瘤位置,选择翼点入路或额部入路,在手术显微镜下对动脉瘤进行夹闭,必要时行瘤颈加固。结果:本组12例行动脉瘤夹闭,1例术中动脉瘤破裂。结论:显微神经外科技术对提高颅内动脉瘤手术成功率具有重要意义,术中采用控制性低血压及暂时行载瘤动脉阻断是术中动脉瘤破裂出血的重要措施。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤50例瘤颈夹闭术围手术期处理

目的:探讨颅内动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术围手术期处理要点。方法:对破裂后颅内动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术50例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:50例中有5例为多发性动脉瘤(左前交通动脉瘤合并左大脑中动脉瘤1例,右前交通动脉瘤合并右大脑中动脉瘤1例,双侧颈内-后交通动脉瘤2例,左小脑后下动脉上有3枚动脉瘤1例),单一动脉瘤45例(颈内-后交通动脉瘤19例,前交通动脉瘤18例,大脑中动脉瘤6例,脉络膜前动脉瘤、眼动脉瘤各1例),共计动脉瘤56枚,均行动脉瘤颈夹闭术,共夹闭动脉瘤54枚;术后恢复良好(GOSⅠ、Ⅱ级)41例,术后并发脑梗死伴偏瘫4例,脑积水2例,死亡3例(其中2例为Hunt&Hess分级IV级)。结论:选择适当的手术时机、熟练的显微外科技术、有效的药物治疗等措施是颅内动脉瘤手术治疗的关键。     

颅内动脉瘤术中破裂临床分析

目的：探讨颅内动脉瘤手术中破裂的原因和防治。方法：对69例（74个动脉瘤）在手术中10例（10个动脉瘤）破裂及其处理进行分析。结果：74个动脉瘤在手术中破裂10个（13.51％）：其中5个为复杂形态前交通动脉动脉瘤在分离瘤体时破裂；4个为蛛网膜广泛粘连在解剖时破裂；1个为后交通动脉动脉瘤在夹闭时破裂。除其中1例因广泛紧密粘连无法暴露而失败外，余经紧急处理均成功夹闭或包裹。结论：术中适当的暴露和主动阻断载瘤动脉能减少破裂机率。     

颅内动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭不全的瘤腔延期闭塞——附二例报告

为了防止颅内动脉瘤的破裂出血,夹闭或结扎瘤颈,断绝动脉瘤与载瘤动脉间的交通,是一个最合理的治疗方法。我们在直接手术的100例颅内动脉瘤中,79例行瘤颈夹闭,其中2例术后造影复查发现瘤颈夹闭不     

显微镜下颅内动脉瘤夹闭术的手术配合

颅内动脉瘤是由于颅内动脉管腔局部异常扩张而形成的,其破裂是蛛网膜下腔出血的主要原因.动脉瘤夹闭术是用特制的动脉瘤夹将瘤颈夹闭,将动脉瘤排除于血循环之外,以防再次破裂,并保持载瘤动脉通畅,保证灌注区供血.我院2007年5月至2008年12月对40例颅内动脉瘤患者施行显微镜下颅内动脉瘤夹闭术,效果满意,现将手术配合及其体会报道如下.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.