耳内镜下鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎90例临床分析

目的:探讨耳内镜下鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床效果.方法:选取2010年6月～2012年5月采用耳内镜下鼓膜置管术治疗的分泌性中耳炎患者90例,对其基本临床资料以及通过复诊、回访等确定的治疗效果资料进行回顾性分析,探讨耳内镜下鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床效果.结果:痊愈患者67例(74.44％),有效患者20例(22.22％),无效患者3例(3.34％).结论:耳内镜下鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床效果可靠,这一术式具有视野清晰,操作简便等优势,便于基层医院开展.     

耳内镜下鼓膜置管术对鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的探讨耳内镜下鼓膜置管术对鼻咽癌放疗后并发分泌性中耳炎(SOM)患者的治疗效果。方法对26例(32耳)鼻咽癌放疗后的SOM患者进行耳内镜下鼓膜置管和随访。结果随访6个月～2年,治愈7耳(21.9%),好转19耳(59.4%),总有效率81.3%;脱管后鼓膜穿孔不愈12耳(38%)。结论耳内镜下鼓膜置管术是治疗鼻咽癌放疗后并发SOM有效方法,但术后鼓膜穿孔率高,应予以重视。     

鼓室置管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎50例临床分析

目的探讨儿童分泌性中耳炎的有效治疗方法。方法对分泌性中耳炎的患儿经非手术治疗无效者,采用鼓室置管术及扁桃体、腺样体切除术。结果儿童分泌性中耳炎50例(89耳)1年左右中耳功能恢复正常,听力保持在25 dB以内达95%。结论鼓室置管及扁桃体、腺样体切除是治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的有效方法。     

腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术治疗儿童复发性分泌性中耳炎

腺样体肥大、慢性腺样体炎一直被认为是引起分泌性中耳炎（Secretory otitis media,SOM）的重要原因,既往对无明显腺样体肥大的儿童复发性分泌性中耳炎患者仅行鼓膜置管术,术后具有复发率高的弊端,我们采用腺样体切除术（Adenoidectomy,AT）联合鼓膜置管术治疗儿童复发性分泌性中耳炎取得了良好效果,报告如下。     

腺样体刮除术及鼓室置管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

目的：探究分析腺样体刮除术联合鼓室置管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法采用分析的方法对收治的108例（120只患耳）分泌性中耳炎的患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方法的不同,将108例患儿随机分成实验组和对照组,每组各54例,对照组采用单纯鼓室置管术,实验组采用腺样体刮除术联合鼓室置管术。分析对比两组患者的临床治疗有效率及并发症情况。结果实验组的治疗有效率明显高于对照组（ P＜0．05）,实验组治疗后的听阈较对照组的降低幅度更大（ P＜0．05）,实验组发生鼓膜穿孔、化脓性中耳炎、听力下降等并发症的情况均明显低于对照组（ P＜0．05）。结论腺体刮除术联合鼓室置管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效好,并发症少,安全可靠,较利于儿童听力的发育。     

正负压疗法治疗分泌性中耳炎246例的临床疗效分析

目的：观察用鼓膜穿刺、鼓室正压注药、负压吸引的方法治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法：总结分析2005-01~2010-12收治的分泌性中耳炎246例（292耳）采取鼓膜穿刺抽液、高负压吸引、鼓室正压注药为主要治疗方法的病例。结果：246例分泌性中耳炎经1~3次治疗治愈率95.5%,46例胶耳经本法一次治愈39例（84.8%）。结论：在清除病灶的基础上,用鼓膜穿刺、鼓室正压注药、负压吸引的方法是治疗分泌性中耳炎的一种有效方法。     

鼓膜置改良管治疗分泌性中耳炎21例分析

随着变态反应性鼻炎的发病率增高,分泌性中耳炎也呈逐年增多的趋势。目前,分泌性中耳炎经非手术治疗无效时,常采用鼓膜切开置管治疗。2011年10月-2013年1月,我们采用自制改良管置入鼓膜治疗分泌性中耳炎21例（23耳）,效果满意。现报告如下。     

Nd∶YAG激光治疗伴有腺样体肥大分泌性中耳炎的方法和疗效

目的探讨激光治疗伴有腺体样肥大分泌性中耳炎的方法和疗效。方法32例(49耳)伴有腺体样肥大分泌性中耳炎的患儿,手术切除部分腺样体后,全部在内镜下用Nd∶YAG激光对残存腺样体进行照射;对9例17耳进行激光鼓膜切开术,其他23例32行耳鼓膜穿刺冲洗。随访3个月。结果术后1个月腺样体无明显残留;分泌性中耳炎49耳的治愈率、好转率及无效率分别为57.2%(28耳)、28.6%(14耳)和14.2%(7耳),无严重并发症发生。结论Nd∶YAG激光治疗伴有腺体样肥大的分泌性中耳炎安全有效。     

新型双腔鼓室和咽鼓管冲洗管联合药物治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨鼻内镜下使用新型双腔鼓室和咽鼓管冲洗管,辅以曲安奈德冲洗鼓室、咽鼓管治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效.方法 2009年8月至2011年7月来我科就诊的45例分泌性中耳炎患者,经知情同意后采用数字表法随机分为对照组和治疗组.治疗组25例36耳,鼻内镜下将新型双腔鼓室、咽鼓管冲洗管置入咽鼓管,辅以曲安奈德冲洗鼓室和咽鼓管;对照组20例30耳,行鼓膜穿刺,鼓室内注射地塞米松、α-糜蛋白酶予以治疗.结果 治疗组治愈25耳(69.4％),好转5耳(13.9％),总有效率83.3％.对照组治愈22耳(73.3％),好转2耳(6.7％),总有效率80.0％.2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗组首次治疗有效26耳(72.2％),对照组首次治疗有效21耳(70.0％),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗组耳痛、眩晕、鼓膜瘢痕、中耳炎感染等不良反应发生率与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后1个月内治疗组复发5耳(13.9％),对照组复发11耳(36.7％),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 新型双腔鼓室和咽鼓管冲洗管可以取样、抽吸、冲洗,将其置入咽鼓管,辅以曲安奈德冲洗鼓室和咽鼓管,可以起到清除鼓室及咽鼓管积液、消除肿胀、改善黏膜功能的作用,其治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效与传统鼓膜穿刺给药法疗效相仿,但术后耳痛少,复发率低,不良反应少.     

分泌性中耳炎的声导抗测试结果分析

目的:分析分泌性中耳炎患者的声导抗测试结果,探讨声导抗测试在临床诊断分泌性中耳炎中的应用价值.方法:随机选择于2017年8月至2018年2月期间于笔者就职医院门诊就诊诊断考虑分泌性中耳炎的患者191人,行声导抗检查214耳数,分析其声导抗检查图像及鼓膜穿刺结果的相关性,研究声导抗检查对分泌性中耳炎的诊断意义.结果:本次研究共纳入临床疑似分泌性中耳炎患者191人,共对214耳进行了声导抗检测,其中B型图像143例(130人),C型图像67例(57人),As图像4例(4人),对所有B型图像患者均进行了鼓膜穿刺,阳性数138耳(92.31％),C型图像患者中鼓膜穿刺阳性数为57耳(85.07％),As型患者阳性率为25％,各组得液率及数据使用t检验进行比较,无统计学差异(P＞0.05);并将进行鼓膜穿刺的患者分为得液组和未得液组,对比两组声导抗各项指标例如鼓室压、声顺值、耳道容积、及Gard、TW,两组各项数据均无统计学差异(P＞0.05);结论:声导抗检查对分泌性中耳炎的诊断阳性率较高,且无创操作简便,有助于临床早期发现及诊断分泌性中耳炎.     

鼓室穿刺治疗腭裂渗出性中耳炎的临床评价

目的　探讨腭裂修复同期 ,鼓室穿刺对腭裂伴分泌性中耳炎患者中耳功能及听力损失的影响。方法　将 80例 ( 14 6耳 )患有分泌性中耳炎的腭裂患者 ,随机分为实验组 ( 78耳 ) :常规腭裂修复术 ,术毕作鼓室穿刺。对照组 ( 68耳 ) :单纯腭裂修复术。术后 6个月两组均进行鼓室图、脑干听觉诱发电位检查 ,并进行比较。结果　实验组术后无论与术前比较 ,还是与对照组术后比较 ,鼓室图、V波反应阈值及轻、中度听力损失 ,均有显著进步 (P <0 0 1) ;术后半年内实验组听力恢复早 ,而且治愈率高 ( 96 2 % ,75 /78) ,明显优于对照组 ( 3 8 2 % ,2 6/68)。结论　腭裂修复同期鼓室穿刺 ,不仅有助于改善伴有分泌性中耳炎腭裂患者的中耳功能 ,提高听力 ;而且可避免或减少粘连性中耳炎的发生     

PENTOCLO方案治疗局限型颞骨放射性骨坏死的疗效

目的 明确己酮可可碱、维生素E、氯膦酸盐(PENTOCLO)方案治疗局限型颞骨放射性骨坏死的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2020年11月至2021年4月期间在中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院21例(23耳)接受PENTOCLO方案治疗的局限型颞骨放射性骨坏死患者的临床资料,应用治疗前后患者主观症状及裸露骨质范围改善等指标评价该方案的疗效。结果 PENTOCLO方案的平均使用时间为(506±48)d。19侧患耳(82.6%)的耳痛、耳流脓症状完全消失;2侧患耳(8.7%)的症状好转。9侧患耳(39.1%)的外耳道裸露骨质已完全被皮肤覆盖;11侧患耳(47.8%)骨质裸露范围明显减小;3侧患耳(13.0%)骨坏死程度稳定。结论 PENTOCLO方案治疗局限型颞骨放射性骨坏死的疗效明确,可以作为治疗局限型颞骨放射性骨坏死的非手术方案。     

成人锤砧关节和砧镫关节的正常HRCT表现及临床意义

目的:探讨成人锤砧关节和砧镫关节的正常HRCT表现及临床意义。方法:回顾性分析46例成人的正常锤砧关节和砧镫关节HRCT图像,对其形态进行影像学分类;对可能存在的两侧锤砧关节或砧镫关节形态不对称情况进行统计;对锤砧关节和砧镫关节间隙进行影像学测量,利用统计学软件计算得到一组正常值范围。结果:锤砧关节HRCT表现为3种形态:均匀的弧形(77耳,83.7%)、锯齿样(9耳,9.8%)和喇叭口样(6耳,6.5%);砧镫关节形态为2种:直接连接(31耳,33.7%)和间接连接(61耳,66.3%)。46例受检者中,两侧锤砧关节形态不对称5例(10.9%);砧镫关节形态不对称3例(6.5%)。对横断面上的锤砧关节和镫骨斜位上的砧镫关节间隙的测量结果分别为(0.45±0.10)mm和(0.43±0.12)mm。结论:锤砧关节和砧镫关节的正常HRCT表现可为特殊情况下诊断锤砧关节和砧镫关节脱位提供较为客观的参考依据。     

Comparison of secretin-stimulated magnetic resonance pancreatography and manometry results in patients with suspected sphincter of oddi dysfunction

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To measure main pancreatic duct diameter (PDD) with magnetic resonance pancreatography (MRP) before and after secretin injection in patients with suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) and to determine if the diameter change is predictive of sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM) results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified all patients during the study period referred for SOM for clinically suspected SOD; patients with an intact sphincter and without contraindication to MRP examination were considered for study entry. Consenting patients underwent MRP, including dynamic imaging of the pancreatic duct after intravenous administration of porcine secretin followed by SOM during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. MRP was defined as abnormal when PDD remained increased by > or = 1.0 mm from baseline 15 minutes after secretin injection. SOM was abnormal when basal sphincter pressure (SP) was > or = 40 mm Hg. Mean PDD before and after secretin administration was compared within normal and abnormal SP groups with two-tailed unpaired t-test; the mean difference between baseline and peak PDD and duration of > or = 0.5 mm increase in PDD was compared between groups with two-tailed t-test. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Of 70 patients referred for SOM, 30 met all entry criteria, gave consent to participate, and underwent both MRP and SOM. Ten of 30 patients (33%) had normal SP; 20 (67%) were abnormal. PDD increased significantly after secretin injection (normal SP, 1.62 +/- 0.73 to 2.78 +/- 0.77 mm, P < .01; abnormal SP, 1.45 +/- 0.26 to 2.32 +/- 0.75 mm, P < .01). There was no difference between normal and abnormal SP groups in amount of PDD increase (1.15 +/- 0.75 vs. 0.88 +/- 0.72 mm; P = .33) or duration of > or = 0.5 mm increase in PDD (5.28 +/- 8.76 vs. 13.60 +/- 13.00 minutes; P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, magnetic resonance pancreatography demonstrated PDD increase following secretin injection but did not predict the results of manometry.     

醋酸曲安奈德益康唑乳膏治疗外耳道炎性反应的疗效

 目的 探讨在耳内镜下向外耳道内注入醋酸曲安奈德益康唑乳膏治疗外耳道炎性反应的临床疗效。方法 选取解放军总医院第三医学中心2015-01至2018-10门诊诊治的404例外耳道疾患患者(双耳63例),共467耳,其中真菌性外耳道炎424耳,外耳道疖肿(未破溃)43耳。将两种疾病患者分别随机分为试验组和对照组,真菌性外耳道炎每组181例,外耳道疖肿患者每组21例,试验组均予醋酸曲安奈德益康唑乳膏注入外耳道治疗,对照组中真菌性外耳道炎予制霉菌素片粉末喷洒,外耳道疖肿予红霉素软膏涂抹,治疗1周,随诊2～3周,对比观察治疗后疗效。结果 真菌性外耳道炎试验组总有效率为92.5%,对照组为67%,试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);外耳道试验组总有效率为90.5%,对照组为57.1%,试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 耳内镜下彻底清理外耳道,并用醋酸曲安奈德益康唑乳膏注满外耳道,治疗外耳道炎性反应,疗效确切,恢复快,值得临床推广。     

Biliary drainage endoprostheses: experience with 201 placements

Two hundred one biliary endoprostheses were inserted transhepatically with a two-step procedure in 162 patients. Teflon endoprostheses were inserted in the initial 95 patients and polyethylene in seven others. Because in vitro experiments and clinical experience have revealed a lower incrustation rate with Percuflex and polyurethane, endoprostheses made of these materials were used in the last 60 patients. The mortality rate directly related to the procedure was 3.7%, and postprocedural complications occurred in 9% of the patients. Delayed complications included cholangitis in 20%, obstruction in 6%, and dislocation in 3% of the cases. The mean survival time of all 162 patients was 20 weeks. It is concluded that endoprostheses offer effective palliative treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by malignancy.     

Anatomic and arthroscopic study of the medial meniscal horns’ insertions

The insertions of the menisci to the tibia are the most important restraints to extrusion from the knee joint, and are vital for the functional integrity of the menisci. The aim of the present study was to determine variations of tibial insertions of the medial menisci (MM) in newborn cadavers macroscopically and in adults by arthroscopy. Neonatal part of this study was performed on 40 knee joints of 20 Caucasian neonatal cadavers. Adult part was performed on 41 Caucasian adults, whose ages were between 17 and 66 unilaterally by arthroscopy. In neonatal cadavers, according to its insertion, anterior horn of MM was classified in five groups and type 4, in which it was inserted to the transverse ligament, was determined the most frequent one (45%) and posterior horn of MM was classified in three groups and type 3, in which it was inserted to both the posterior intercondylar area of tibia and medial tubercle of intercondylar eminence was determined the most frequent one (50%). In adults, anterior end of MM was most frequently inserted to both anterior intercondylar area of tibia and transverse ligament (76%) and posterior horn of MM was inserted to the posterior intercondylar area of tibia in all of them. This study provides comparative information about insertion of the MM for neonatals and adults, not to evaluate the variants of the insertion of the MM as a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament or a meniscal tear and not to complicate arthroscopy.     

先天性外耳道闭锁的多层螺旋CT临床应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对先天性外耳道闭锁的临床应用价值.资料与方法 19例(20耳)先天性外耳道闭锁患者行MSCT检查,将所得原始数据传到工作站进行三维重组.结果 外耳道骨性闭锁18耳(90%),膜性闭锁2耳(10%);乳突气房气化良好14耳(70%),气化较差6耳(30%);鼓室发育异常5耳(25%);听小骨畸形11耳(55%);面神经管异常8耳(40%);卵圆窗闭锁5耳(25%);圆窗狭窄1耳(5%);伴内耳畸形3耳(15%).结论 MSCT可明确外耳道闭锁类型、乳突气化情况和鼓室、听小骨、面神经管、卵圆窗、圆窗及内耳结构发育情况,能为先天性外耳道闭锁的临床分型、手术适应证的确定及术式选择提供必要资料.     

Imaging and clinical findings in large endolymphatic duct and sac syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Large endolymphatic duct and sac syndrome (LEDS) is known as the most common kind of inner ear malformations, which is radiologically detectable. Nevertheless, nowadays many questions are not fully cleared and LEDS is relatively unknown among general radiologists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of LEDS in the own patient population and to present our experiences regarding imaging findings, clinical presentation and follow up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on a complete recording of all patients, sent from ENT department to radiology, we identified all radiological diagnosed cases of inner ear malformations including LEDS and all patients in whom an inner ear malformation was clinically suspected. The retrospective study included clinical records, HR-CT and MRI performed between 1994 and 2002. RESULTS: Among 169 patients (338 ear), 17 of patients (median age: 12 years) and 28 ears, respectively, had enlarged endolymphatic structures. In 10 patients - 6% - (15 ears), no other abnormalities were detected, called isolated LEDS, seven patients showed additional inner ear abnormalities. One patient showed a labyrinthine hemorrhage after sudden hearing loss. Audiometric data revealed sensorineural hearing loss in 22 ears, deafness in 5 ears and normal hearing in 1 case of 28 ears. In 10 (67%) of 15 ears with isolated LEDS, the hearing loss was downward-fluctuating progressive. Twelve patients (eight with isolated LEDS) had partly repeated sudden hearing losses. A trigger for worsening of hearing was found in five patients. A correlation between the severity of morphological changes on imaging and the degree of hearing disturbances could not be detected. Only four young patients underwent a radiological examination within the first or second year after onset of hearing loss. Three patients received a cochlear implant. CONCLUSIONS: LEDS might be the cause of progressive hearing loss and repeated acute hearing losses in children and young adults. Imaging plays an important role in making the diagnosis.