Proposed active constituents of Dipladenia martiana.

3Beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol, pomolic acid, ursolic acid, epicatechin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (astragalin), quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside and quebrachitol were isolated by chromatographic fractionation of the methanol extract from the aerial parts of Dipladenia martiana (Apocynaceae). The hexane extract yielded lupeol and sitostenone. These compounds are likely to be responsible for the therapeutic effects.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the flavonoid glycosides of Urena lobata. METHODS Compounds were isolated and purified using various column chromatographies such as D101 macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and prep HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and various spectroscopic experiments, including HRESIMS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, HSQC, and HMBC. RESULTS Ten flavonoid glycosides were obtained from the n-BuOH extract of U. lobata including quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-galactopyranoside(1), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(2), quercetin-3-O-??-D-apiofuranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(3), kaempferol-4'-O-??-D-apiofuranosyl-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(4), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-apiofuranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(5), quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(6), quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(7), kaempferol-3-O-??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(8), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-[??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??6)]-??-D-glucopyranoside(9) and kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(10). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-3 and 6-10 are firstly obtained from U. lobata.     

肿节风中黄酮苷类成分研究

目的：研究中药肿节风的化学成分，为阐明其有效成分提供依据。方法：利用聚酰胺、Sephadex LH-20，Lipophilic sephadex LH-20柱色谱进行分离，根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据(IR，UV，MS，¹H-NMR，¹³C-NMR)鉴定其结构。结果：从肿节风水提取物中分离得到5个黄酮苷类和3个其他类化合物，分别鉴定为：山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(1)，槲皮素-3-O-α-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(2)，槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甲酯(3)，5，7，4′-三羟基-8-C-β-D-葡萄糖二氢黄酮碳苷(4)，新落新妇苷(5)，5-O-咖啡酰基-奎宁酸甲酯(6)，3，4-二羟基苯甲酸(7)，异秦皮啶(8)。结论：化合物1～6为首次从本属植物中得到，其中1～3为该属中首次发现的葡萄糖醛酸类化合物。     

蒙古蒲公英的化学成分研究

目的:研究蒙古蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum的化学成分。方法:采用色谱法分离化学成分,波谱法鉴定其结构。结果:从蒙古蒲公英全草中分离并鉴定了44个化合物,包括16个黄酮类衍生物(1~16),15个酚酸类化合物(17~31),1个香豆素类化合物(32),2个木脂素类化合物(33~34),4个倍半萜(35~38),3个三萜类化合物(39~41),1个长链脂肪酸类化合物(42),2个甾体类化合物(43~44)。结论:其中化合物14,15,34,35为新化合物,分别命名为:isoetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2′-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside(14),isoetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2′-O-α-D-glucopyranoside(15),蒙古蒲公英素A(6,9,10-trihydroxy-benzoxanthene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid,mongolicuminA,34),蒙古蒲公英素B(11-hydroxy-2-oxo-guaia-1(10),3,5-trien-8,12-lactone,mongolicumin B,35);化合物1,3,6~13,20~22,30,31为首次从本属植物中分离得到,化合物18,23~29,32,37~42为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

乌饭树叶黄酮苷类成分研究

 目的 研究乌饭树叶中黄酮苷类化学成分。 方法 运用多种色谱技术分离乌饭树叶中黄酮苷类成分,采用波谱技术和理化性质确定化合物的结构。 结果 分离得到 12 个化合物,分别鉴定为：柯伊利素 -7- O-<>β- D- 葡萄糖苷 (1) ,欧槲寄生苷乙 (2) ,柯伊利素 -7- O-(6'- O- 对羟基肉桂酰 )-<>β- D- 葡萄糖苷 (3) ,槲皮素 -3- O-<>β- D- 葡萄糖醛酸甲酯苷 (4) ,异鼠李素 -3- O-<>β- D- 葡萄糖苷 ( 5 ) ,槲皮素 -3- O-α-L- 鼠李糖苷 ( 6 ) ,槲皮素 -3- O- α-L- 阿拉伯糖苷 ( 7 ) ,牡荆素 (8) ,槲皮素 -3- O-<>β- D- 半乳糖苷 (9) ,荭草素 (10) ,异荭草素 (11) ,槲皮素 -3- O-<>β- D- 葡萄糖醛酸苷 (12) 。 结论 化合物 1~4 为首次从越橘属植物中分离得到,化合物 5~12 首次从该植物中分离得到。     

毛裂蜂斗菜中酚类成分研究

目的:研究毛裂蜂斗菜中抗炎、抗氧化作用机制,对该植物中酚类化学成分进行研究。方法:采用大孔树脂,硅胶,MCI GEL CHP20P,ODS以及Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱方法进行分离和纯化,通过理化性质和多种波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从毛裂蜂斗菜95%乙醇提取物中分离得到19个酚类化合物,包括磺酸化苯甲基葡萄糖苷(1),3-(4β-D-葡萄糖苷-3,5-甲氧基)-苯基-2E-丙烯醇(2),二氢丁香苷(3),党参苷Ⅱ(4),4-羟基-2,6-甲氧基苯酚-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),4-羟甲基-2,6-甲氧基苯酚-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),熊果苷(7),芦丁(8),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11),山柰酚-3-O-α-鼠李糖苷(12),petasiphenol(13),咖啡酸(14),绿原酸(15),2-羟基-5-乙酰基苯甲酸(16),对羟基苯甲酸(17),原儿茶醛(18),对羟基苯丙酸(19)。结论:上述研究表明,毛裂蜂斗菜中的酚类化合物主要包括简单酚及其苷类化合物、咖啡酸类以及黄酮苷类化合物。其中化合物1为首次从菊科植物中分离得到,化合物2～7,9,11～12,16,19均为首次从蜂斗菜属植物中分离得到,其余化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到。其中大量化合物已经被证明具有消炎、抗菌、抗氧化等药理作用。     

Antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of constituents of the leaves of Tachigalia paniculata

Two new myricetin glycosides, myricetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and myricetin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), together with the known compounds quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (5), methyl gallate (6), isovanillin (7), 4-hydroxymethylbenzoate (8), 3,4-dihydroxymethylbenzoate (9), and caffeoyl aldehyde (10) were isolated from the leaves of Tachigalia paniculata. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. Their antioxidant activity was determined by measuring free-radical scavenging effects using three different assays, namely, the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay, the coupled oxidation of beta-carotene and linoleic acid (autoxidation assay), and the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. Compounds 1, 2, and 6 showed activity in the TEAC test, compounds 5-7 and 10 were moderately active in the autoxidation assay, while compounds 1 and 2 were the most potent of the isolates in the xanthine oxidase test.     

乌桕叶化学成分研究

目的：研究乌桕Sapium sebiferum叶中的化学成分。方法：利用硅胶柱色谱及制备型HPLC进行分离纯化,根据各种光谱技术进行化合物鉴定。结果：分离得到9个化合物,分别为莽草酸(1),山柰酚(2),槲皮素(3),异槲皮苷(4),金丝桃苷(5),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(7),没食子酸(8),芦丁(9)。结论：化合物1,5,6,7为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物9为首次从该种植物中分到。     

笔管草中Megastigmane及黄酮苷类化学成分

目的：研究木贼科植物笔管草(Equisetum debile)的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶、sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱进行分离纯化，通过理化方法和光谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果：从笔管草全草乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物中分离得到4个megastigmane型化合物和4个黄酮苷，分别鉴定为blumenol A(1)，corchoinoside C(2)，sannnangaoside A(3)，(3S，5R，6R，7E，9S)-megastigmane-7-ene-3-hydroxy-5，6-epoxy-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)，山柰酚-3，7-双葡萄糖苷(5)，camelliaside C(6)，山柰酚-3-槐糖苷(7)and clematine(8)．化合物1-4，6，8均为从木贼科植物首次分得。     

乌药叶化学成分的研究

目的 研究乌药Lindera aggregate(Sims)Kosterm叶的化学成分.方法 乌药叶70％乙醇提取物采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构.结果 从中分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为hydroxylinderstrenolide(1)...     

桑叶抗氧化活性成分的研究

目的：研究桑叶的抗氧化活性成分。方法：以桑叶为原料,经不同方法提取分离桑叶中的有效成分,利用核磁共振等波谱学方法进行结构鉴定,采用DPPH法和ABTS法测定其抗氧化活性。结果：从桑叶中分离鉴定了四个黄酮类化合物,分别为kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（Ⅰ）、quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（Ⅱ）、quer-citrin（Ⅲ）、morin-3-O-β-Dglucopyranoside（Ⅳ）;化合物Ⅲ和Ⅳ对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基具有较好的清除能力,其半数清除率浓度（IC50）分别为109.3、20.1、9.2、3.6μg/ml,对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除率呈量效关系。结论：化合物Ⅲ和Ⅳ均有较好的抗氧化活性,其中化合物Ⅳ清除ABTS自由基的能力最强。     

Inhibitors of osteoclast differentiation from Cephalotaxus koreana

Three new flavonoid glycosides ( 1- 3), 11-hydroxyhainanolidol ( 4), and a new dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan glycoside ( 5) were isolated from the aerial parts of Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai, along with 19 known flavonoids. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic evidence, primarily NMR and MS. Twenty-four compounds were isolated, and among these isoscutellarein 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 3), apigenin ( 6), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1'-->6')-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 7), tamarixetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1'-->6')-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 8), quercetin 3-O-[6'-O-acetyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 9), and quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside ( 10) showed significant inhibitory activities against osteoclast differentiation at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 microg/mL.     

云贵腺药珍珠菜化学成分研究

目的对云贵腺药珍珠菜Lysimachia stenosepala var.flavescens的化学成分进行研究。方法运用硅胶柱、凝胶柱、中压柱、聚酰胺柱等色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从云贵腺药珍珠菜乙醇提取物中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚(1)、槲皮素(2)、鼠李柠檬素(3)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷-(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖苷-(1→2)-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、山柰酚-3-O-(2-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷-6-O-β-D-木糖苷)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)、原报春花素A(11)、β-胡萝卜苷(12)。结论化合物1～12为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物8、9为首次从珍珠菜属中分离得到。     

Sesquiterpenes and flavonol glycosides from Zingiber aromaticum and their CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activities

Three new sesquiterpenes, (2R,3S,5R)-2,3-epoxy-6,9-humuladien-5-ol-8-one (1), (2R,3R,5R)-2,3-epoxy-6,9-humuladien-5-ol-8-one (2), and (5R)-2,6,9-humulatrien-5-ol-8-one (3), and two new flavonol glycosides, kaempferol-3-O-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside) (4) and kaempferol-3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside) (5), were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the water extract of Zingiber aromaticum, along with 13 known compounds (6-18). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical analyses. The isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity on the metabolism mediated by CYP3A4 or CYP2D6 using [N-methyl-(14)C]erythromycin or [O-methyl-(14)C]dextromethorphan as a substrate, respectively. Kaempferol-3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside) (5) showed the most potent inhibitory activity (IC(50), 14.4 microM) on the metabolism mediated by CYP3A4, and kaempferol-3-O-methyl ether (14) inhibited CYP2D6 most potently (IC(50), 4.63 microM).     

Flavonoid, iridoid, and lignan glycosides from Putoria calabrica

From the aerial parts of Putoria calabrica, two new flavonol triglycosides were isolated and their structures were elucidated as quercetin-3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1, calabricoside A) and quercetin-3-O-[4' "-O-caffeoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside]-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2, calabricoside B). Additionally, seven iridoid and three lignan glycosides were isolated and characterized. Radical scavenging activities of all compounds were determined by quantifying their effects on luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Calabricoside A and B showed strong radical scavenging activity with IC(50) values of 0.25 and 0.3 microM, respectively.     

细梗胡枝子化学成分研究

目的:研究豆科植物细梗胡枝子Lespedeza virgata的化学成分。方法:将乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部分进行反复柱色谱,利用质谱对分离得到的单体进行结构鉴定。结果:分离并鉴定了7个化合物,包括4个黄酮类化合物和3个酚酸类化合物。其中4个黄酮类化合物,分别为槲皮素-3-O-[2″-O-(E-6-O-阿魏酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖]-β-D-半乳糖苷(1),7-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖基山柰酚苷(2),7-O-α-L吡喃鼠李糖基-山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮素(4),3个酚酸类化合物,分别为对羟基反式肉桂酸(5),原儿茶酸(6),对羟基苯甲酸(7)。结论:7个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离获得。     

Antioxidant constituents of the aerial parts of Globularia alypum growing in Morocco

Three new phenolic compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Globularia alypum. Their structures were determined as 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside (1), eriodictyol 7-O-sophoroside (2), and 6'-O-coumaroyl-1'-O-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3). In addition, three phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, isoacteoside, and forsythiaside) and two flavonoid glycosides (6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and luteolin 7-O-sophoroside) were also isolated and are reported here for the first time in this plant. The structures of compounds 1-3 were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data analysis. Evaluation of the antioxidative activity, conducted in vitro, showed that the isolated phenylethanoids and flavonoid glycosides possess strong effects of this type.     

白花蛇舌草化学成分的研究

目的：对白花蛇舌草的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用聚酰胺,Sephadex LH-20,硅胶和HPLC等多种色谱方法进行分离,理化性质,光谱数据鉴定结构。结果：分离鉴定9个化合物：2,6-二羟基-1-甲氧基-3-甲基蒽醌(1),2-羟基-1-甲氧基-3-甲基蒽醌(2),2-羟基-3-甲基蒽醌(3),quercetin-3-O-［2-O-(6-O-E-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranos-yl］-β-glucopyranoside(4),quercetin-3-O-［2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl］-β-glucop-yranoside(5),kaempferol-3-O-［2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl］-β-galactopyranoside(6),quercetin-3-O-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),芦丁(8),槲皮素(9)。结论：化合物1和8为首次从该种植物中得到,其中化合物1为新化合物。     

Antioxidant and photoprotective activity of a crude extract of Culcitium reflexum H.B.K. leaves and their major flavonoids.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo photoprotective activities of an ethanolic extract of Culcitium reflexum H.B.K. leaves (ECR extract). The antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by means of three different in vitro tests: (1) bleaching of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical; (2) peroxidation, induced by the water-soluble radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride, on mixed dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/linoleic acid unilamellar vesicles; (3) UV radiation-induced peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles. In all in vitro tests used the ECR extract showed a significant antioxidant effect. Furthermore, a gel formulation containing this extract proved, when topically applied, to afford a significant in vivo protection against UV-B-induced skin erythema in healthy human volunteers. Then, by chromatographic fractionation and spectroscopic methods, we identified some cinnamic acid derivatives and the major flavonoid constituents of the ECR extract, viz. the flavonols rutin, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin and kaempferol.     

糯米藤中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:对糯米藤的化学成分进行研究。方法:运用多种色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从糯米藤95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分中分离得到12个化合物,分别签定为异鼠李素(1),山柰酚(2),槲皮素(3),异鼠李素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(5),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(8),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9),异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷(10),山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(11)和槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(12)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。