胆道、十二指肠联合支架植入治疗恶性梗阻的临床价值

目的 评价胆道支架及十二指肠支架置人联合治疗胆道及十二指肠恶性梗阻的临床价值.方法 对22例恶性胆道及十二指肠梗阻患者先后行胆道支架及十二指肠支架植入.20例行双支架植入,2例行胆道外引流的同时行十二指肠支架植入.结果 所有患者均成功行十二指肠支架植入,20例成功行胆道支架植入.未出现并发症及不良反应,术后胆道及消化道梗阻情况解除,术后随访6个月,支架均保持通畅.结论 胆道及十二指肠支架同时植入治疗胆道及十二指肠恶性梗阻安全有效.     

经皮穿肝经口腔双途径联合支架置入治疗胆管和十二指肠恶性梗阻

目的:探讨胆管和十二指肠恶性梗阻双途径联合支架置入介入治疗的方法和效果.方法:23 例胆管和十二指肠恶性梗阻,17例先经皮肝穿刺置入金属支架解除胆管梗阻,出现十二指肠梗阻后,再在X线透视下,经口腔置入记忆合金网状十二指肠内支架.6例因胆管与十二指肠恶性梗阻并存,先置入十二指肠内支架并同时置入胆管支架.测定术前、术后血清总胆红素水平及体重并进行t检验.结果:23例患者双途径联合支架置入成功后,术前、术后血清总胆红素水平及体重比较差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05).十二指肠支架置入后,消化道梗阻症状迅即解除,当日即能进食,均无严重并发症发生.随访1～20个月进食情况均良好.结论:经皮肝穿经口腔双途径联合支架置入治疗胆管和十二指肠恶性梗阻是首选的有效治疗方法.     

胆肠双支架对胰头癌的姑息性治疗效果初探

目的探讨胆道内支架和十二指肠金属内支架联合应用治疗胰头癌的价值。方法2003年8月～2005年7月,对4例出现胆道梗阻的胰头癌患者先置入胆道内支架行减黄治疗,当其出现上消化道梗阻症状时,再置入十二指肠金属内支架,观察该治疗方法的疗效。结果4例患者的胆道和十二指肠内支架均一次置放成功。置入胆道内支架后,所有患者的胆红素水平在24h后下降50％左右,1周时均降到正常范围,黄疸消退。当胆道支架堵塞时,行支架置换术或再次置入支架,均成功减黄。置入十二指肠金属内支架后,患者的消化道梗阻症状得到缓解,可进食。当肠道梗阻再发时,再次置入十二指肠内支架。其中1例患者先后共置放3枚十二指肠金属内支架。4例患者均无支架置入术相关并发症发生。死亡2例,其中1例置入支架后生存24个月,1例生存22个月,直至临终均无黄疸及肠梗阻症状;另2例患者仍在随访中,1例置入支架术后16个月,1例9个月,目前均无黄疸及肠梗阻症状。结论胆道内支架联合十二指肠内支架可以明显改善胰头癌患者的生活质量,是一种有效的姑息性治疗方法。     

恶性胆道梗阻内支架引流随访研究

目的评价支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床效果及价值。方法对279例恶性胆管梗阻(高位梗阻127例,中低位梗阻152例)分别采用单点位单支架及双点位双通道双支架置入,单点位单通道双支架置入或单支架置入配合外引流的治疗方法。测定术前、术后血清总胆红素水平并进行t检验。结果273例术前、术后血清总胆红素水平比较差异显著(P<0.05)。生存满6个月218例(218/279,78%);生存6个月以上193例(193/279,69%);生存1年或1年以上131例(131/279,47%)。结论支架置入联合抗肿瘤治疗可提高病人生存率和降低支架再梗阻的发生。     

经皮胆道支架联合支架旁125I粒子条植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻

目的 评估经皮胆道支架联合支架旁125I粒子条植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的疗效.方法 选取28例恶性胆道梗阻患者,行经皮胆道支架联合支架旁125I粒子条植入,疗效评价标准:统计手术成功率、临床症状缓解情况、术后并发症以及生存期.结果 所有患者手术均获得成功,未发生与手术相关严重并发症,术后梗阻性黄疸症状逐步改善,术后1个月血...     

经皮胆道支架联合支架旁~(125)Ⅰ粒子条植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻

目的评估经皮胆道支架联合支架旁125Ⅰ粒子条植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的疗效。方法选取28例恶性胆道梗阻患者,行经皮胆道支架联合支架旁125Ⅰ粒子条植入,疗效评价标准:统计手术成功率、临床症状缓解情况、术后并发症以及生存期。结果所有患者手术均获得成功,未发生与手术相关严重并发症,术后梗阻性黄疸症状逐步改善,术后1个月血清胆红素水平均较术前明显下降(P<0.01);中位生存期为4.7个月,平均生存期为5.7个月。结论经皮胆道支架联合支架旁125Ⅰ粒子条植入治疗胆道梗阻安全有效,但远期效果仍需进一步观察。     

恶性胆道梗阻塑料支架植入后阻塞的介入治疗

【摘要】 目的 探讨DSA下恶性胆道梗阻塑料支架植入后阻塞取出、联合经皮经肝途径胆道金属支架植入的安全性、可行性及临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年11月至2020年3月收治的经消化内镜置入胆道塑料支架治疗恶性胆道梗阻后支架阻塞的13例患者的临床资料,包括DSA下取出阻塞胆道塑料支架技术成功率、胆道金属支架植入技术成功率、临床治疗成功率（对比分析术前术后白细胞计数、肝功能指标及术后临床症状改善情况）、术后并发症及胆道金属支架通畅率。结果 所有患者DSA下取出阻塞的胆道塑料支架与经皮肝穿途径胆道金属裸支架植入手术顺利,技术成功率及临床治疗均获成功。术后所有患者的梗阻性黄疸临床症状明显改善,合并严重感染的患者白细胞计数逐渐恢复正常范围,未发生严重并发症。术后所有患者的转氨酶、胆红素等肝功能指标较术前下降,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。整个随访期间,术后1、3、6、12个月时患者胆道裸金属支架通畅分别有13例、12例、11例和9例,胆道金属支架保持通畅的中位时间为（8.4±3.2）个月。结论 对于内镜下置入胆道塑料支架治疗恶性胆道梗阻后发生支架阻塞,DSA下取出阻塞的胆道塑料支架联合经皮经肝穿刺植入胆道金属支架的介入治疗是一种可行、安全、有效的微创手术,值得临床探讨和应用。     

金属内支架置入术治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻

目的　探讨不能手术的胃十二指肠恶性梗阻金属内支架治疗方法和效果。方法　 67例胃十二指肠恶性梗阻 ,胃窦及幽门部梗阻 2 7例 ,十二指肠降段及以远梗阻 2 6例 ,胃十二指肠及胃空肠吻合口梗阻 14例 ,均在X线透视下采用介入放射学方法 ,经口腔共置入记忆合金网状内支架 84枚 ,其中 17例因支架置入 6个月后再梗阻又放置了第 2枚支架。结果　 67例患者支架置入成功后 ,梗阻症状迅速解除 ,当日即能进食。术后 1个月与术前比较 ,体重平均增加 4.7kg ,无严重并发症发生。随访 1～ 2 0个月均进食情况良好。结论　金属内支架置入术操作简单、微创、可重复 ,是无法手术治疗的胃十二指肠恶性梗阻首选有效的治疗方法。     

经肝胃造瘘胃肠道支架成形术

目的探讨病情复杂的胃、十二指肠梗阻的支架成形术的方法及疗效。方法总结分析经口途径较难处理的胃、十二指肠支架成形术病例4例,其中2例Roux-en-Y吻合术后输入段十二指肠恶性梗阻并继发胆道梗阻的患者经肝途径置入支架;1例幽门区恶性狭窄和1例十二指肠降部恶性狭窄患者分别经胃造瘘置入支架。结果所有支架释放成功,患者均在术后第3天开始进流质,无消化道出血等并发症。随访期内均无支架移位及再狭窄。结论掌握技巧,肠道支架成形术在复杂性胃、十二指肠梗阻的治疗是可行的。     

胆道双支架联合125I粒子腔内照射治疗恶性肝门部胆道梗阻的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探索胆道双支架和胆道双支架联合125I粒子腔内照射治疗恶性肝门部胆道梗阻（MHBO）的治疗效果差异。 方法 选取2013年1月至2019年1月行胆道双支架（对照组）或胆道双支架联合125I粒子腔内照射（观察组）治疗的42例MHBO患者,分析两组患者肝功能改善情况,术后胆道再梗阻,术后并发症及生存时间等差异。结果 与术前相比,两组患者术后1、3、6个月总胆红素、直接胆红素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶水平均明显降低（P均＜0.05）;对照组术后3、6个月和观察组术后1、3、6月白蛋白明显升高（P均＜0.05）。观察组较对照组降低了胆道再梗阻发生率（P＜0.05）。两组患者术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。对照组患者中位生存时间为7.0个月,1年生存率为20.0%,观察组患者中位生存时间为10.0个月,1年生存率为40.9%。累积生存率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 相比于胆道双支架,胆道双支架联合125I粒子腔内照射治疗MHBO,在相同减黄效果的同时,可降低术后胆道再梗阻发生率,延长患者生存时间,且不增加术后并发症的风险。     

Palliation of Malignant Biliary and Duodenal Obstruction with Combined Metallic Stenting

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of palliation of malignant biliary and duodenal obstruction with combined metallic stenting under fluoroscopy guidance. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of 9 patients (6 men and 3 women) who underwent biliary and duodenal stenting was performed. The mean age of patients was 61 years (range: 42–80 years). The causes of obstruction were pancreatic carcinoma in 7 patients, cholangiocellular carcinoma in one, and duodenal carcinoma in the other. Biliary and duodenal stents were placed simultaneously in 4 patients. In other 5 patients dudodenal stents were placed after biliary stenting when the duodenal obstruction symptoms have developed. In two patients duodenal stents were advanced via transgastric approach. Results Technical success rate was 100 %. After percutaneous biliary drainage and stenting bilirubin levels decreased to normal levels in 6 patients and in remaining 3 patients mean reduction of 71% in bilirubin levels was achieved. Tumoral ingrowth occurred in one patient and percutaneous biliary restenting was performed 90 days after the initial procedure. Of the 9 patients, 6 patients were able to tolerate solid diet, whereas 2 patients could tolerate liquid diet and one patient did not show any improvement. Mean survival periods were 111 and 73 days after biliary and duodenal stenting, respectively. Conclusion Combined biliary and duodenal stent placement which can be performed under fluoroscopic guidance without assistance of endoscopy is feasible and an effective method of palliation of malignant biliary and duodenal obstructions. If transoral and endoscopic approaches fail, percutaneous gastrostomy route allows duodenal stenting.     

内支架置入结合动脉内化疗治疗十二指肠恶性梗阻

目的通过内支架放置及结合动脉插管化疗治疗十二指肠恶性梗阻，延长生命，解除症状。方法十二指肠恶性梗阻病例１４例（男５例，女９例），年龄２０～６９岁，经口置入自扩式十二指肠金属支架共１５枚。其中１２例在支架置入后定期行肿瘤供血动脉插管灌注化疗。结果所有病例梗阻症状解除，除２例未行动脉化疗者外，生存期均明显延长。结论本疗法为十二指肠恶性狭窄提供了有效的治疗经验。     

Acute Duodenal Obstruction After Percutaneous Placement of Metallic Biliary Stents: Peroral Treatment with Enteral Stents

Three patients with malignant biliary obstruction were treated with placement of metallic biliary stents. Two patients had known partial duodenal stenosis but had no symptoms of gastrointestinal obstruction. The patients developed symptomatic duodenal obstruction early after biliary metallic stent placement. The symptomatic duodenal obstructions were successfully treated with peroral placement of duodenal stents, which obviated the need for surgical intervention.     

胆管癌性阻塞内支架术后再狭窄的介入治疗

目的　探讨胆管癌性阻塞内支架术后再狭窄的介入治疗方法及其疗效。方法　 12例胆管癌性阻塞性黄疸内支架术后胆管再狭窄患者 ,采用经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流术 (PTCD)加金属内支架置入术或结合局部持续性灌注化疗术及化疗性栓塞术 ,共使用 12枚金属内支架。结果　 12例采用经皮经肝穿刺置入金属胆道内支架均获得成功 ,均一次性置入支架。术后总胆红素、丙氨酸转氨酶、谷酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶均有明显下降。术后 12例患者黄疸消退满意。 3例黄疸消退 ,置入内支架术后 4周在DSA下行局部持续性灌注化疗术及化疗性栓塞术。结论　经皮胆管内金属支架再置入术是姑息性治疗胆管癌性阻塞性黄疸内支架术后胆管再狭窄的安全、有效方法 ,结合局部持续性动脉灌注化疗及化疗性栓塞术 ,能提高患者的生命质量及延长生存期     

Use of stents in the palliative treatment of malignant gastric outlet and duodenal obstruction

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of stenting in the palliation of malignant duodenal and gastric outlet obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our series of patients who underwent stenting for malignant upper gastrointestinal obstruction between March 1998 and December 1999. From January 2000 data have been acquired prospectively. Our series comprises 21 stents successfully deployed in 15 patients. RESULTS: The technical and clinical success was 93% (14/15 patients). One patient required endoscopic negotiation of recurrent gastric carcinoma at the gastrojejunostomy site after failure to cross the lesion fluroscopically. Two patients required re-intervention 2 and 5 weeks after initial stent placement, for migration and ingrowth respectively. Eighteen stents were placed transorally, two stents transhepatically and one via a transgastric approach. Early complications (pain < 3 days) occurred in two patients (13%) and late complications (ingrowth, overgrowth and migration) occurred in three patients (20%). The median survival was 2.4 months (range 2-4 months). CONCLUSION: Stenting provides a less invasive palliative option than surgery with the advantage of lower morbidity and complication rates. It has the advantage of high technical and clinical success rates facilitated by alternative routes of access into the upper gastrointestinal tract via transgastric and transhepatic routes in addition to the traditional peroral route.     

ePTFE/FEP-Covered Metallic Stents for Palliation of Malignant Biliary Disease: Can Tumor Ingrowth Be Prevented?

Purpose To determine the application and clinical effectiveness of ePTFE/FEP-covered metallic stents for palliation of malignant biliary disease, and to evaluate the efficiency of stent coverage in preventing tumor ingrowth. Methods During a 3-year period, 36 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice were treated with ePTFE/FEP-covered stents, with or without proximal side holes. The stricture was located in the lower common bile duct (CBD) in 18 cases, the upper CBD in 9, the lower common hepatic duct (CHD) in 6, and the upper CHD in 3 patients. Results Thirty-seven covered stents were percutaneously implanted. The technical success rate was 97%. Reintervention was required in 6 cases. The 30-day mortality rate was 40%, not procedure-related. Mean survival was 128 days. Primary patency rates were 100%, 55.5%, and 25% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, while the assisted patency rate was 100% at 12 months. Stents without side holes had higher primary patency rates compared with those with side holes, where occlusion was always due to tumor ingrowth. Tumor ingrowth did not occur in the completely covered stents. No stent dysfunction due to sludge incrustation was found. Complications were 1 case of arterial laceration that occurred during percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, and a subcapsular hematoma and 1 case of bile peritonitis, that both occurred during primary stenting. No complications followed the secondary stenting technique. Conclusion ePTFE/FEP-covered metallic stents are safe and effective for palliation of malignant biliary disease. The presence of the ePTFE/FEP coating is likely to prevent from tumor ingrowth.     

Percutaneous self-expandable uncovered metallic stents in malignant biliary obstruction. Complications,follow-up and reintervention in 154 patients

Purpose:
Evaluation of technique, complications and the long-term follow-up data of 154 patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction who underwent percutaneous placement of metallic stents. Material and Methods:
During a 6-year period, 224 self-expanding metallic stents (150 biliary Wallstents and 74 Memotherm nitinol stents) were inserted in 154 patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction. 100 patients had obstructions at the proximal (supracystic) level, and 54 at the distal (infracystic) level. The causes of obstructions were hilar cholangiocarcinoma (n = 64), pancreatic carcinoma (n = 34), gallbladder carcinoma (n = 24), metastatic carcinoma (n = 21), common bile duct carcinoma (n = 8), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 3). A complete follow-up was available for all patients. Results:
The 30-day mortality was 9%, with no procedure-related deaths. The clinical success rate within the first 30 days was 88%. The total rate of early, procedure-related complications was 28%, and half of them were due to the percutaneous transhepatic catheter drainage procedure. Recurrent jaundice occurred in 28 (18%) patients and in 23 (82%) of these, reinterventions were made in order to relieve reobstructions. The mean length of survival for the entire patient group was 4 months, while the mean period of patency for all stents was 6 months. We found no statistically significant difference in patient survival or stent patency periods in regard to the level and cause of obstruction. Conclusion:
Percutaneous metallic stent placement maintains equal palliation in patients with proximal and distal malignant biliary obstructions caused by any tumor type. Most of the early complications were due to procedures performed before stent insertion and could be decreased by direct stent insertions. The most common late complication, reobstruction, is inevitable but can be easily treated in the majority of patients.     

Metallic stents in the treatment of duodenal obstruction: technical issues and results.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of duodenal stenting procedures and to review technical issues with these procedures in a series of cases over a 1-year period. METHODS: Expandable metallic stents (Wallstents) of varying sizes were introduced and deployed in 4 patients (1 man and 3 women 42 to 81 years of age). Each patient underwent a separate method of stent introduction with either fluoroscopic or endoscopic guidance, either perorally, transgastrically and transhepatically. RESULTS: All procedures were technically successful, allowing patients to continue eating normally. In 1 patient, stent foreshortening necessitated the introduction of a second stent. Another patient experienced transient stent obstruction by food; this resolved spontaneously and required no additional intervention. Based on the patients' continuing ability to tolerate food, it was believed that the stents remained patent until the time of death (from 3 days to 9 weeks with a mean of 5.25 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Duodenal stenting procedures provide a relatively new, technically feasible and efficacious method of managing duodenal obstructions, especially in patients who are poor candidates for surgery.