凝胶包埋兔脂肪基质细胞接种三维支架动态构建组织工程化骨

目的 探讨高效的细胞种植方法,提高工程化骨构建质量.方法 成骨诱导化脂肪基质细胞,制备含rhBMP-2的纳米化壳聚糖/胶原蛋白/β磷酸三钙(Cs-Col-β-TCP)支架,构建工程化骨.静态种植静态培养(A组),振荡种植静态培养(B组),凝胶+振荡种植静态培养(c组),凝胶+静态种植静态培养(D组).第1、4、 8、 12、16、20、24、28天,扫描电镜、共聚焦显微镜观察,检测细胞存活率、细胞增殖、碱性磷酸酶、DNA、骨钙素水平.结果 C组细胞分布均匀、呈三维内生长、细胞外基质丰富,细胞存活率、增殖活力、碱性磷酸酶、DNA、骨钙素水平均高于其他组(79.53±2.67、0.59±0.20、65.16±6.85、207.62±19.36、55.22±8.51,P<0.05).结论 凝胶联合振荡种植可提高细胞接种效率及增强诱导成骨活性.     

BMP—2基因转染的人骨髓基质干细胞复合PLA／PCL支架体外构建组织工程骨

目的 用人骨形态发生蛋白2腺病毒表达载体(Ad—BMP—2)转染的人骨髓基质干细胞(hBMSC)，复合PLA／PCL(聚乳酸／聚己内酯)生物降解支架体外构建组织工程骨。方法 用Ad—BMP—2转染体外培养的成人BMSC，免疫组化、原位杂交染色和蛋白印迹方法检测细胞BMP—2的表达，并通过流式细胞仪和ALP活性检测分析其对细胞增殖、分化的影响。然后将转染后细胞接种到PLA／PCL支架上，扫描电镜观察细胞贴附、生长状况。结果 转染后，hBMP—2基因在mRNA水平和蛋白水平均有表达；S期细胞比例和ALP活性明显增高。扫描电镜见转染细胞分布均匀，伸展良好。结论 Ad—BMP—2可高效转染hBMSC，且促进细胞增殖及成骨转化。转染后细胞在PLA／PCL上生长良好，BMP—2基因治疗的组织工程骨构建成功。     

转染BMP-2基因的兔BMSCs种植PLA/PCL支架体外构建组织工程骨

目的:用腺病毒载体将人骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)基因导入兔骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs),种植PLA/PCL(聚乳酸/聚己内酯)支架体外构建组织工程骨.方法:蛋白印迹法检测转染后细胞BMP-2的表达,流式细胞仪和ALP活性检测分析基因转染对细胞增殖分化的影响.然后将转染后细胞接种到PLA/PCL支架上,扫描电镜观察细胞贴附、生长状况.结果:转染后,BMSCs表达BMP-2,S期细胞比例和ALP活性明显增高.扫描电镜见转染细胞分布均匀,伸展良好.结论:BMP-2基因转染BMSCs,可促进细胞增殖分化.转染后细胞在PLA/PCL支架上生长良好,BMP-2基因治疗的组织工程骨构建成功.     

转基因干细胞构建组织工程骨的初步实验研究

目的 用转基因干细胞在体外构建组织工程骨.方法 用携带有人骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)的慢病毒感染骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)后接种于纳米羟基磷灰石/胶原/聚乳酸(nHAC/PLA)支架.荧光显微镜下观察eGFP表达,判断感染效率;RT-PCR、ELISA和Western-blot用于基因转染的表达检测;流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖;扫描电镜观察细胞在支架材料中的黏附、生长状况;ALP活性检测成骨能力.结果 慢病毒24 h对BMSCs的转染率约为90%;RT-PCR检测到BMP-2阳性表达,与实际值1191 bp基本一致;ELIISA检测24 h BMP-2蛋白含量为(148.2±21.6)pg/ml;流式细胞仪检测到细胞S期比例增加;ALP活性检测基因转染组明显强于对照组(P＜0.05);扫描电镜见细胞在nHAC/PLA支架上粘附生长良好;第8周时Western-blot仍可检测到BMP-2在相对分子质量26×103处出现阳性条带.结论 BMP-2基因可在BMSCs稳定表达并诱导其向成骨分化,与nHAC/PLA复合培养可用于组织工程骨构建.     

转基因干细胞构建组织工程骨的初步实验研究

目的 用转基因干细胞在体外构建组织工程骨.方法 用携带有人骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)的慢病毒感染骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)后接种于纳米羟基磷灰石/胶原/聚乳酸(nHAC/PLA)支架.荧光显微镜下观察eGFP表达,判断感染效率;RT-PCR、ELISA和Western-blot用于基因转染的表达检测;流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖;扫描电镜观察细胞在支架材料中的黏附、生长状况;ALP活性检测成骨能力.结果 慢病毒24 h对BMSCs的转染率约为90%;RT-PCR检测到BMP-2阳性表达,与实际值1191 bp基本一致;ELIISA检测24 h BMP-2蛋白含量为(148.2±21.6)pg/ml;流式细胞仪检测到细胞S期比例增加;ALP活性检测基因转染组明显强于对照组(P＜0.05);扫描电镜见细胞在nHAC/PLA支架上粘附生长良好;第8周时Western-blot仍可检测到BMP-2在相对分子质量26×103处出现阳性条带.结论 BMP-2基因可在BMSCs稳定表达并诱导其向成骨分化,与nHAC/PLA复合培养可用于组织工程骨构建.     

转基因干细胞构建组织工程骨的初步实验研究

目的 用转基因干细胞在体外构建组织工程骨.方法 用携带有人骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)的慢病毒感染骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)后接种于纳米羟基磷灰石/胶原/聚乳酸(nHAC/PLA)支架.荧光显微镜下观察eGFP表达,判断感染效率;RT-PCR、ELISA和Western-blot用于基因转染的表达检测;流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖;扫描电镜观察细胞在支架材料中的黏附、生长状况;ALP活性检测成骨能力.结果 慢病毒24 h对BMSCs的转染率约为90%;RT-PCR检测到BMP-2阳性表达,与实际值1191 bp基本一致;ELIISA检测24 h BMP-2蛋白含量为(148.2±21.6)pg/ml;流式细胞仪检测到细胞S期比例增加;ALP活性检测基因转染组明显强于对照组(P＜0.05);扫描电镜见细胞在nHAC/PLA支架上粘附生长良好;第8周时Western-blot仍可检测到BMP-2在相对分子质量26×103处出现阳性条带.结论 BMP-2基因可在BMSCs稳定表达并诱导其向成骨分化,与nHAC/PLA复合培养可用于组织工程骨构建.     

BMP-2基因转染的人骨髓基质干细胞复合PLA/PCL支架体外构建组织工程骨

目的　用人骨形态发生蛋白 2腺病毒表达载体 (Ad -BMP - 2 )转染的人骨髓基质干细胞 (hBMSC) ,复合PLA/PCL(聚乳酸 /聚己内酯 )生物降解支架体外构建组织工程骨。方法　用Ad -BMP - 2转染体外培养的成人BMSC ,免疫组化、原位杂交染色和蛋白印迹方法检测细胞BMP - 2的表达 ,并通过流式细胞仪和ALP活性检测分析其对细胞增殖、分化的影响。然后将转染后细胞接种到PLA/PCL支架上 ,扫描电镜观察细胞贴附、生长状况。结果　转染后 ,hBMP - 2基因在mRNA水平和蛋白水平均有表达 ;S期细胞比例和ALP活性明显增高。扫描电镜见转染细胞分布均匀 ,伸展良好。结论　Ad-BMP - 2可高效转染hBMSC ,且促进细胞增殖及成骨转化。转染后细胞在PLA/PCL上生长良好 ,BMP - 2基因治疗的组织工程骨构建成功     

腺病毒骨形态发生蛋白2绿色荧光蛋白基因转染兔骨髓基质干细胞成骨及示踪作用

目的 观察腺病毒介导的人骨形态发生蛋白绿色荧光蛋白基因(Ad-GFP-hBMP-2)转染对骨髓间质干细胞(bMSCs)成骨能力的影响.方法 取日本大耳白兔4只自双侧股骨远端抽取骨髓培养bMSCs.以Ad-GFP-hBMP-2基因(实验组)及Ad-GFP(对照组)基因转染bMSCs后,用ALP检测试剂盒检测两组细胞的ALP活性;原位杂交检测两组细胞I型胶原的表达;Western blot 检测细胞中BMP-2的表达.将转染后24 h的bMSCs接种到裸鼠体内,术后第4、8、12周观察成骨情况.结果 转Ad-GFP-hBMP-2基因组和Ad-GFP组各时间段ALP分泌量差异分别有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组I型胶原原位杂交实验组为阳性.实验组成骨阳性率为90%,对照组为40%.结论 bMSCs经Ad-GFP-hBMP-2基因转染后能高效表达BMP-2并诱导成骨.腺病毒介导人BMP-2转基因可以提高bMSCs的成骨能力.     

腺病毒介导BMP-2和EGFP基因转染兔骨髓基质干细胞及种植脱钙骨的体外观察

目的用腺病毒载体介导人骨形态发生蛋白-2及EGFP基因转染兔骨髓基质干细胞(rBMSC),种植DBM(脱钙骨)支架体外构建组织工程骨。方法兔髓基质干细胞(rBMSC)的分离、培养;流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标记;转染后,荧光显微镜观察细胞最适感染复数(MOI)及蛋白印迹检测外源基因的表达情况;采用Urist提供的方法制备脱钙骨(DBM),用细胞计量法测定BMSCs与DBM复合培养的黏附率。然后将转染后细胞接种到DBM支架上,用荧光显微镜观察细胞是否成功粘附于支架材料上,扫描电镜观察细胞贴附、生长状况。结果 BMSCs细胞表型鉴定:CD44表达阳性,CD45表达阴性;转染后,蛋白印迹试验检测到BMP-2表达增高;骨髓间充质干细胞与脱钙骨基质的平均粘附率为(72.74±1.99)%;扫描电镜见转染细胞生长良好,伸出丝状突起,相互连接。结论成功培养及鉴定兔BMSCs,Ad-BMP-2/EGFP可高效转染兔BMSCs,转染后的细胞种植于DBM支架材料后生长状况良好,组织工程骨构建成功。     

基因强化组织工程骨联合显微外科方法修复长段骨缺损的实验研究

目的评价骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP-2）基因强化的组织工程骨联合显微外科方法修复长段骨缺损的效果。方法分离培养兔骨髓基质干细胞，经BMP-2基因转染后复合异种骨支架体外构建基因强化的组织工程骨（GEB）。建立兔双侧桡骨缺损（2．5cm长）模型，采用5种方法修复。A：GEB加带血管蒂骨膜移植；B：GEB加血管束植入；C：GEB加游离骨膜移植；D：GEB；E：单纯支架。术后4、8、12周行X线、组织学、生物力学测定和微血管墨汁灌注等观察血管形成及成骨情况。结果A组血运建立最快，B组血管束早期即发出分支向移植骨内长入，C组4周时游离骨膜成活并发出微小血管，D组在BMP-2基因诱导下成骨速度和质量优于E组，12周时骨缺损部分修复，但中央区成骨不良，而E组12周时形成骨不连，缺损区内被纤维组织填充。在细胞成活率、生物力学性能、VEGF表达水平等方面，均表现为A〉B〉C〉D〉E，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论BMP-2基因强化的组织工程骨联合显微外科方法修复长段骨缺损，既提供了血运，又提供了有效的成骨诱导因子，是治疗长段骨缺损较为理想的方法。其中，带血管蒂骨膜联合移植修复效果最佳；血管束植入法血供重建较快，方便临床应用。     

凝胶包埋脂肪基质细胞接受振荡载荷模式构筑工程化软骨的研究

目的 观察构建工程化软骨生物学行为,评估扩增软骨种子细胞的方法.方法 软骨诱导化脂肪基质细胞(ADSCs),接种至nβ-TCP/Cs/PCL支架构建工程化软骨:A组(凝胶+振荡培养)、B组(凝胶+静态培养)、C组(振荡培养)、D组(静态培养);每组48块构建物,各阶段每组随机取6块,第1、4、8、12、16、20、24、28天,电镜、共聚焦观察,检测存活率、细胞增殖、Ⅱ型胶原(Col-Ⅱ)、DNA及氨基葡聚糖(GAG)含量.结果 A组细胞生长旺盛、细胞外基质丰富,存活率高于其他组(86.39±5.05,P<0.05),增殖活力、Col-Ⅱ、DNA及GAG含量均高于其他组(0.57±0.12,71.30±2.51,73.21±1.38,81.25±1.29,P<0.05).结论 凝胶包埋及振荡方式能扩增种子细胞及优化软骨构建质量.     

Cranial repair using BMP-2 gene engineered bone marrow stromal cells

BACKGROUND: Bone grafts, allografts, and biocompatible artificial bone substitutes all have their shortcomings when used for the repair of cranial bone defects. Tissue engineered bone shows promise as an alternative for the repair of these defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were separated from iliac crest aspirates and expanded in a monolayer culture 1 month before implantation. These MSCs were then infected with replication-defective adenovirus-human BMP-2 genes 1 week before implantation. Bilateral critical-size cranial defects were created in the animal with removal of osteoinductive periosteum and dura. MSCs were mixed with alginate UP (ultrapure) to form MSC/polymer construct. MSCs used for the control site were infected with adenovirus beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). After 1 week, 6 weeks, and 3 months, five rabbits from each experimental group were sacrificed and the cranial defect site was examined by histology study. RESULTS: Near-complete repair of the large size cranial defects using the tissue engineered MSC/alginate construct was observed. The H&E stain and von Kossa's staining should better regenerate bone at the experiment site. A statistically significant difference in bone formation was noted by 3D CT imaging at 3 months post-BMP-2 treatment of the cranial defects (0.79 +/- 0.06 versus 0.47 +/- 0.05 cm(2), P < 0.001) but not at 6 weeks (0.36 +/- 0.04 versus 0.33 +/- 0.03 cm(2), P = 0.347). CONCLUSIONS: Near-complete repair of large cranial defects can be achieved using tissue engineered bone. The use of newly developed polymers as well as the integration of the stem cell concept with gene medicine is necessary to attain this goal.     

骨形态发生蛋白-2对兔骨髓基质细胞向软骨细胞分化基因表达的影响

目的 观察骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)基因对兔骨髓基质细胞(MSCs)向软骨细胞分化mRNA表达的影响.方法 从兔骨髓细胞中分离提取BMP-2 mRNA,构建重组BMP-2真核表达质粒,并转染兔MSCs,采用荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测各组MSCs内Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖mRNA表达水平.结果 转染后2、4 d实验组MSCs内的Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖mRNA表达量28.7±4.0、236.7±48.5及26.9±4.3、208.2±36.7,均明显高于转染后2、4 d的空白对照组(16.1±2.8、99.2±24.8及14.6±2.7、111.1±18.9)和空载体对照组(14.6±2.6、85.4±24.7及16.1±2.8、98.0±22.5)(P＜0.05).结论 重组真核表达载体BMP-2质粒能够诱导MSCs向软骨细胞分化.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on gene expression during the differentiation of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes. Methods The BMP-2 mRNA was extracted from the rabbit bone marrow cells. The recombinant BMP-2 eukaryotic expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into MSCs. The mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan was detected by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PGR) technique. Results At 2nd, and 4th day after transfection of plasmid pEGFP-C3-BMP-2 into MSCs, the mRNA expression levels of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan in MSCs of experimental group were significantly higher than controls (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Recombinant eukaryotic expression plastmid pEGFP-C3-BMP-2 can induce MSCs differentiation towards chondrocytes.     

Bone induction by BMP-2 transduced stem cells derived from human fat.

PURPOSE: We have isolated pluripotent mesenchymal progenitor cells in large numbers from liposuction aspirates (processed lipoaspirate cells or PLAs). This study examines the osteogenic potential of PLAs and bone marrow aspirate cells (BMAs), when exposed to either recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 (rh-BMP-2) or adenovirus containing BMP-2 cDNA (Ad-BMP-2). METHODS: Liposuction aspirates underwent proteolytic digestion to obtain PLAs. After exposure to exogenous rh-BMP-2 or Ad-BMP-2 for four or seven days, PLAs and BMAs were assessed by histochemistry, spectrophotometry and RT-PCR. Western blotting and ELISA confirmed BMP gene transduction. Results were compared to osteoblasts and cells in osteogenic media only. PLA-Ad-BMP-2 cells were seeded on matrices and implanted in the hind limbs of SCID mice. RESULTS: Analysis of quantified bone precursor assays including extracellular ALP histomorphometry, intracellular ALP spectrophotometry, and calcified extracellular matrix (von Kossa) histomorphometry revealed that PLAs treated with exogenous rh-BMP-2 or transduced with a BMP-2 containing adenovirus (PLA-Ad-BMP-2) produced more bone precursors than osteoblasts (p=0.001). PLAs treated with exogenous rh-BMP-2 or PLA-Ad-BMP-2 also produced more bone precursors than BMAs (p=0.001), except for day 7 ALP histomorphometry (p=0.343). ELISA confirmed successful BMP-2 production by both progenitor cell groups transduced with Ad-BMP-2. H&E sections from collagen I matrices seeded with PLA-Ad-BMP-2 cells confirmed bone formation at six weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Liposuction aspirates contain PLAs that can be transfected with the BMP-2 gene, with rapid induction into the osteoblast phenotype at a rate comparable to rh-BMP-2 and osteoblast groups. Transduced PLAs produce more bone precursors with faster onset of calcified extracellular matrix than transduced BMAs. PLAs may be an ideal source of mesenchyme-lineage stem cells for gene therapy and tissue engineering.     

Effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound and BMP-2 on rat bone marrow stromal cell gene expression.

To determine how low intensity pulsed ultrasound alters gene expression in rat bone marrow stromal cells and to see if combining this stimulation with BMP-2, cells were pre-cultured for eight days in the presence of 50 microg/ml ascorbic acid and then exposed to either low intensity US or 100 ng/ml BMP-2 or both combined, beginning on the first, third fifth or seventh day of culture so that cells were exposed to the stimuli for one, three, five or seven days. Real time PCR was used to determine the effect of these treatments on gene expression of several genes associated with osteogenesis. The expression of some of the genes (Cbfa-1/Runx2, IGF-receptor, Alk-3, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, TGF-beta1, BMP-7) was increased compared to untreated controls. Combination of US and BMP-2 treatment did not lead to synergy of the two stimuli. Cbfa-1 stimulation occurred more quickly with US than with BMP-2. Increases in gene expression were greatest after 3 days exposure to US, with similar results for BMP-2 treatment implying that there may be a time dependence for the stimulus of osteogenic gene expression in stromal cells.     

重组PcDNA3.1-hBMP-2转染骨髓基质干细胞及复合异种骨支架体外构建组织工程骨

目的：构建人骨形态发生蛋白-2(human bone morphogenetic protein,，hBMP-2)真核表达载体PcDNA3．1-hBMP-2，转染兔骨髓基质干细胞(bane marrow stromal cells，BMSCs)，种植去抗原牛松质骨(bovine cancellous bone，BCB)支架体外构建组织工程骨。方法：蛋白印迹法检测转染后细胞BMP-2的表达，碱性磷酸酶(ALPase)活性检测分析基因转染对细胞分化的影响。然后将转染后细胞接种到BCB支架上，扫描电镜观察细胞贴附、生长状况。结果：转染后，BMSCs表达BMP-2，ALP活性明显增高。扫描电镜见转染细胞分布均匀，伸展良好。结论：在脂质体介导下，BMP-2基因可导入细胞且稳定表达基因产物促进自身增殖分化，转染后细胞在支架材料上贴附生长良好，为进一步应用携带BMP-2基因的人工骨修复骨缺损奠定了实验基础。     

以骨髓基质干细胞构建带内支撑的组织工程化软骨

目的 探讨构建特定形态带内支撑组织工程化软骨的医用假体的可能性.方法 以直径3 mm、长5 mm的圆柱状多孔高密度聚乙烯(Medpor)外裹厚1 mm的聚羟基乙酸为支架,将体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞(bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs).按10×107/ml的细胞浓度均匀接种于支架,常规培养液培养5 d后,用含诱导因子的培养液立体诱导4周,同时以相同浓度的软骨细胞和BMSCs分别接种,常规体外培养4周作为阳性对照组和阴性对照组,分别种植于裸鼠皮下,4、8周后取材,行大体观察、组织学、组织化学、免疫组化及糖氨聚糖(GAG)定量等检测.结果 各组细胞均与材料粘附良好.实验组和阳性对照组均形成了大体形态良好的Medper-软骨复合体,内部的Medper与外层软骨结合紧密.组织学可见成熟软骨陷窝并渗入Medper孔隙内部、异染基质及Ⅱ型胶原表达,实验组GAG含量4、8周时分别为(5.13 ±0.32)mg/g、(5.37±0.12)mg/g.结论 以BMSCs作为种子细胞可于体内构建特定形态、组织学良好的Medpor-软骨复合体.     

In Vitro andIn Vivo induction of bone formation using a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the human BMP-2 gene

It has been well established that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) can induce bone formation bothin vivo andin vitro, although high concentrations (up to milligrams) of BMP-2 have been required to achieve this effectin vivo. Further, clinical applications are usually limited to a single dose at the time of implantation. In an attempt to prolong the transforming effect of BMP-2 we used a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the human BMP-2 gene (Adv-BMP2) to transduce marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of skeletally mature male New Zealand white rabbits. The pluripotential MSC were incubated with Adv-BMP2 overnight followed by culture in growth medium for 1 week. Assays on tissue cultures demonstrated that these Adv-BMP2 transduced MSC produced BMP-2 protein, differentiated into an osteoprogenitor line, and induced bone formationin vitro. These MSC had increased alkaline phosphatase activity, increased expression of type I collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin mRNA, and induced matrix mineralization compared with both nontransduced cells and cells transduced with a control adenoviral construct. To analyze the osteogenic potentialin vivo, Adv-BMP2-transduced MSC were autologously implanted into the intertransverse process space between L5 and L6 of the donor rabbits. The production of new bone was demonstrated by radiographic examination 4 weeks later in areas implanted with cells transduced with Adv-BMP2, whereas no bone was evident at sites implanted with cells transduced with the control adenoviral construct. Histological examination further confirmed the presence of new bone formation. These accumulated data indicate that it is possible to successfully transduce mesenchymal stem cells with a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the gene for BMP-2 such that these cells will produce BMP-2, differentiate into an osteoprogenitor line, and induce bone formation bothin vitro andin vivo. Moreover, incubation of the Adv-BMP2-transduced cells for an additional 7 days in culture before transplantation enhances the success rate in bone formation (three out of three) as compared with our previous report (one out of five, Calcif Tissue Int 63:357–360, 1998). SLC, JL, and NMW have contributed equally to this work and therefore should be considered first authors.