HBV和戚HCV协同感染与接受HAART治疗HIV／AIDS患者肝损害之间的关系研究

目的探讨接受HAART治疗的HIV／AIDS患者肝损害的相关危险因素。方法收集接受HAART治疗的71例HIV／AIDS患者病例资料，比较两组患者的年龄、性别、感染途径、饮酒状况、CD4^＋T细胞数、HAART治疗方案、肝毒性药物的使用、HBV和／或HCV协同感染等对肝功能的影响。结果71例患者中HBV感染者9例，HCV感染者35例，其中HBV、HCV共同感染者5例；51例患者出现了肝功能异常。肝功能异常组与肝功能正常组HBV和／或HCV协同感染比率分别为63％和35％，差异有统计学意义（P=0．035），年龄、性别、感染途径、饮酒状况、CD4^＋T淋巴细胞数（〈50）、HAART治疗方案、使用肝毒性药物的比率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Logist回归分析HBV和／或HCV的协同感染是HAART患者肝功能损伤的危险因素。结论HBV和／或HCV与HIV的协同感染十分普遍，是HAART治疗HIV／AIDS患者肝功能损伤的重要危险因素。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者混合或重叠感染其他病原体状况分析

目的了解丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染者混合或重叠感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和梅毒螺旋体（TP）的状况,为HCV感染的防治提供依据。方法采用ELISA法检测乙型肝炎病毒标志物、抗TP和抗HIV;采用化学发光法检测抗HCV;采用蛋白印迹法确认HIV感染。结果在169例HCV感染者中,重叠感染HBV 25例（14.8%）、HIV 4例（2.4%）、TP 9例（5.3%）,重叠感染HBV和TP 2例（1.2%）,重叠感染HBV和HIV 2例（1.2%）;静脉吸毒者重叠感染HIV（6.7%）和TP（11.1%）的比例均明显高于非静脉吸毒者（P〈0.05）;男性患者重叠感染HBV的比例（19.7%）明显高于女性患者（3.8%,P〈0.01）,女性患者重叠感染TP的比例（11.5%）明显高于男性患者（2.6%,P〈0.05）。结论随着感染方式的多元化,慢性丙型肝炎患者重叠感染其他病原体的情况更加常见。     

HCV与HBV重叠感染者与乙型或丙型肝炎的临床研究

目的探讨丙型/乙型肝炎病毒(HCV/HBV)重叠感染者与乙型或丙型肝炎患者血生化、病毒学和肝纤维化指标的差异。方法在32例HCV/HBV重叠感染患者、40例丙型肝炎和100例乙型肝炎患者,分别常规检测生化、肝纤维化和病毒学指标。结果 HBV/HCV重叠感染患者与乙型或丙型肝炎比,TBIL明显升高,ALB和CHE明显下降,PT明显延长,HA、PCⅢ、CIV、LN明显升高,HBV DNA水平较乙型肝炎高,HCV RNA水平与丙型肝炎无明显差异。结论 HBV/HCV重叠感染比单纯感染者肝损害严重,有重症化倾向。     

HIV感染者中HCV及HBV感染状况的研究

目的 了解HIV感染者中HCV、HBV的感染状况。方法 对197例HIV感染者中的HCV、HBV感染情况进行了血清流行病学调查研究。结果 HIV感染者中HCV的感染率为90.35％,HBV的总感染率为51.94％,HIV、HCV、HBV三重感染率为49.35％。结论 HIV感染者中有极高的HCV感染率,有较高的HBV感染率。     

慢性重型乙肝HCV重叠感染与预后探讨

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)存在相似的传播途径．因此HCV和HBV可同时或重叠感染并持续存在于同一患者。有相当数量的重型肝炎可能涉及到HBV、HCV重叠感染，而慢性HBV感染者重叠HCV感染后其肝脏病变在组织学和临床失代偿方面表现更为严重。本文作者经过对比研究，旨在探讨慢性重型乙肝HCV重叠感染与预后的关系，协助了解HCV在其中的作用。     

干扰素联合阿德福韦酯治疗乙型肝炎与丙型肝炎重叠感染患者初步探讨

目的探讨HBV/HCV重叠感染患者的抗病毒治疗方法。方法 17例HBV/HCV重叠感染者接受IFN治疗（A组）,另17例（B组）接受IFN联合阿德福韦酯治疗,疗程48周。结果两组治疗后肝功能均有明显改善;A组治疗48周时,HCV RNA阴转率为23.5%,48周时为29.4%,B组则分别为23.5%和35.3%（P〉0.05）;A组24周时HBV DNA无1例阴转,48周时HBV DNA阴转率为14.2%,B组则分别为58.8%和82.3%（P〈0.01）。结论对于HBV及HCV复制均活跃的HBV/HCV重叠感染者,联合干扰素及阿德福韦治疗,应答良好。     

HBV和/或HCV协同感染与接受HAART治疗HIV/AIDS患者肝损害之间的关系研究

目的探讨接受HAART治疗的HIV/AIDS患者肝损害的相关危险因素。方法收集接受HAART治疗的71例HIV/AIDS患者病例资料,比较两组患者的年龄、性别、感染途径、饮酒状况、CD4 T细胞数、HAART治疗方案、肝毒性药物的使用、HBV和/或HCV协同感染等对肝功能的影响。结果71例患者中HBV感染者9例,HCV感染者35例,其中HBV、HCV共同感染者5例;51例患者出现了肝功能异常。肝功能异常组与肝功能正常组HBV和/或HCV协同感染比率分别为63%和35%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.035),年龄、性别、感染途径、饮酒状况、CD4 T淋巴细胞数(<50)、HAART治疗方案、使用肝毒性药物的比率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logist回归分析HBV和/或HCV的协同感染是HAART患者肝功能损伤的危险因素。结论HBV和/或HCV与HIV的协同感染十分普遍,是HAART治疗HIV/AIDS患者肝功能损伤的重要危险因素。     

HIV感染合并慢性乙型、丙型肝炎的治疗(欧洲会议共识介绍)

全球有3．7～4亿的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带者和超过1．8亿的丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）携带者。由于两者与HIV有共同的传播途径，因而有大量的患者合并HIV感染。全球约有几百万人合并感染HBV／HCV和HIV。在欧洲，约40％的HCV感染者以及8％的HBsAg阳性者合并HIV感染。     

HIV并HCV和（或）HBV临床及流行病学特点分析

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染并乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和（或）丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的临床及流行病学特点。方法回顾性分析89例HIV感染并HBV和（或）HCV患者的临床流行病学资料。结果HBV混合感染25例,其中10例出现肝酶升高,6例伴黄疽;HCV混合感染56例,其中22例出现肝酶升高,4例伴黄疸;HIV、HBV、HCV三重感染8例,6例出现肝酶升高,3例出现黄疸。HBV混合感染、HCV混合感染及三重感染对肝酶影响无显著性差异,黄疸发生率三重感染最高,HCV混合感染最低;输血、性传播、单采血浆、不详途径以及吸毒的构成比为48．3％、20．2％、16．9％、10．0％、5．6％。结论HIV患者HCV混合感染发生率高于HBV混合感染;黄疸发生率HCV混合感染最低;性传播途径呈上升趋势。     

HCV与HBV重叠感染与单纯慢性乙、丙型肝炎对照研究

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）重叠感染比较常见，其对肝病的慢性化、严重化及癌变有着不可忽视的作用，为探讨HBV、HCV重叠感染相互关系及对病情转归的影响，我们对32例HBV、HCV重叠感染病例与单纯慢性乙、丙型肝炎病例进行对照分析，报道如下：     

Dual chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection

Dual hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are common in HBV or HCV endemic areas. However, several clinical and pathogenetic issues remain unresolved. First, clinical and in vitro studies suggest the interactions between two viruses. The dynamics of the interaction in untreated setting versus treated setting and its influence on the long-term outcomes await further studies. A key issue regarding viral interactions is whether modulation of infection occurs in the same dually infected individual hepatocyte of the liver. Clarifying this issue may help to understand the reciprocal interference between HCV and HBV and provide clues for future immunopathogenetic studies. Second, the prevalence and clinical significance of coexisting occult HBV infection in patients with chronic HCV infection need further investigations. Third, combination therapy of peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin appears to be just as effective and safe for the treatment of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients chronically infected with active chronic hepatitis C as it is in patients with HCV monoinfection. Nevertheless, one-third of dually infected patients with nondetectable serum HBV DNA-level pretreatment developed HBV reactivation posttreatment. How to prevent and treat this reactivation should be clarified. Furthermore, about 10% of the dually infected patients lost HBsAg. Underlying mechanisms await further investigations. Finally, the optimal treatment strategies for dually infected patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B should be identified in future clinical trials.     

HBV/HCV重叠感染的抗病毒治疗

从全球范围看,乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)重叠感染估计约有700-2000万人口感染.重叠感染和单一HBV或HCV感染比较,更易发展为肝硬化、肝细胞癌甚至肝衰竭的比例也高,HBV和HCV重叠感染可有四种不同的临床模式,即HCV活动...     

Vietnamese community screening for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus

Summary. Asian Americans represent an important cohort at high risk for viral hepatitis. To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HBV vaccination in a Vietnamese community, a total of 322 Vietnamese subjects from a local doctor’s office and annual Vietnamese Health Fair were included in this study. Demographic and clinical data were collected. 2.2% of the screened cohort tested positive for anti‐HCV and 9.3% tested positive for HBsAg. Unlike HBV‐positive subjects, HCV‐positive subjects had significantly higher liver enzymes (P = 0.0045 and P = 0.0332, respectively). The HBV‐positive group was more likely to report jaundice (P = 0.0138) and a family history of HBV (P = 0.0115) compared to HBV‐negative subjects. Forty‐eight patients (15.5%) reported a family history of liver disease (HBV, HCV, HCC, cirrhosis, other). Of this 48, 68.8% reported no personal history of HBV vaccination and 77.1% reported no family history of vaccination for HBV. Among the 183 subjects without a family history of liver disease, 156 (85.2%) reported no personal history of vaccination and 168 (91.8%) reported no family history of vaccination. HBV vaccination rates in those reporting a family history of liver disease were significantly higher (P = 0.020). There was a high prevalence of HBV infection in this community screening. Nevertheless, the rate for HBV vaccination was low. The low prevalence of abnormal liver enzymes in HBV‐positive subjects emphasizes the need for screening to be triggered by risk factors and not by abnormal liver enzymes.     

乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒在肝癌发生中的作用研究进展

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是世界上最常见的十大恶性肿瘤之一,目前全世界每年新增5.O×10~6～1.0×11~6病例。在我国,HCC已占恶性肿瘤死亡的第三位。目前对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B Virus,HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染与HCC发生的关系最为重视。研究表明,全世界现有4亿慢性HBV携带者,80％以上的HCC患者伴有HBV感染,持续HBV感染者发生HCC的机率比正常人高100～200倍;60％～80％HCV感染者将转为慢性,最终将有20％发展为HCC,而HCV相关肝硬化患者15年     

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus replication in HBsAg-positive fulminant hepatitis

Hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis D virus RNA, the most sensitive markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus replication, were sought by molecular hybridization with radioactive probes in serial serum samples from 29 consecutive patients with HBsAg-positive fulminant hepatitis. Nineteen patients had evidence of hepatitis D virus infection, as assessed by the presence in serum of delta antigen, anti-delta antibodies, or both. Hepatitis B virus DNA was found in only two patients: one was a chronic HBsAg carrier with hepatitis D virus superinfection and the other had fulminant hepatitis caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis D coinfection. Hepatitis D virus RNA was detected in three patients: two with hepatitis B and hepatitis D coinfection and also in the HBsAg carrier with positive hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis D virus superinfection. None of 10 patients with hepatitis B virus infection alone had detectable viral nucleic acids in serum. Overall, viral nucleic acids were detected in the sera of 4 of the 29 patients (14%). Hepatitis D virus antigenemia did not indicate hepatitis D virus replication because hepatitis D virus RNA was not detected in 9 of 12 patients with hepatitis D virus antigen in their sera. The low frequency of viral replication found in fulminant hepatitis B or D may explain the low recurrence rate of viral hepatitis in patients with fulminant hepatitis who have received liver transplantations.