地塞米松血管内支架的涂层制备及体外缓释实验研究

目的 制备地塞米松血管内支架的涂层,观察体外缓释特性.方法 采用喷涂、浸涂两种方法制备支架,以高效液相色谱仪检测载药量,并进行体外药物缓释测定.结果 喷涂支架的载药量为(24.26±5.23)μg,浸涂4 d的载药量为(93.15±7.83)μg.浸涂4 d的支架,药物缓慢释放,15 d时释放84%.结论 制备的支架具有明显的缓释作用.     

丝裂霉素C释药系统的体外释放与体内植入实验研究

目的 研究壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(Chitosan-Polyethlyoue glycols-Succinate,CH/PEG-SA)丝裂霉素C(MMC)释药系统的体外释药与体内防粘连效果.方法 自制壳聚糖/聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯丝裂霉素C薄膜(CH/PEG-SA/MMC),体外释药测定药物释放浓度与时间的变化曲线,探讨膜片结构与释药的关联性;置入SD大鼠脊柱背侧治疗4周后取材.通过大体观察、免疫组化、组织学检查比较,观察该释药系统对硬膜外瘢痕的治疗作用.结果 MMC液标准曲线回归方程为:y=0.593x3-2.563x2 25.944x-0.236,确定系数为1.000.药物缓释膜片中MMC均能从膜片向PBS液中扩散.释放量逐渐增加,于第12天时维持释放量达最大,为14.9616μg/ml,于第18、32天出现两次释放高峰,分别为14.4824 μg/ml和11.4092 μg/ml,明显高于成纤维细胞50%抑制率质量浓度(ID50,10.4713μg/l).其余时间以较低浓度间断释放维持,且释放量逐渐减少.于第60天3周累积释放量为0.1793 μg/ml,直至药物释放完全.不同膜片组硬膜外瘢痕组织中羟脯氨酸含量比较有显著性差异(F=12.085、P=0.000).CH/PEG-SA/MMC膜释药系统可明显抑制硬膜外瘢痕的含量,并可促进瘢痕规则排列.减少术后瘢痕增生压迫脊髓及神经根的机会.结论 本实验提高膜片的柔韧性,又改善复合材料的力学性能,使其成膜性更好更有效地避免药物突释,保持一定时间的药物释放.该膜片能有效地减少硬膜外瘢痕中羟脯氨酸的含量,抑制椎板切除术后硬膜外瘢痕粘连,是一种预防瘢痕粘连的良好辅助治疗手段.     

长春新碱载药红细胞制备及其生物学特性研究

目的:探讨红细胞作为长春新碱(vincristine, VCR)载体的可行性及其载药参数和生物学特性,为其应用提供实验依据.方法:改良低渗预膨胀法制备VCR载体红细胞,高效液相色谱法分析载体红细胞内、外液VCR含量,自动血液分析仪测定红细胞生理指标,考察红细胞VCR载药量、载药率和载体细胞回收率等参数.采用4℃保存定时提取上清液比较VCR含量并观测上清液溶血情况、渗透脆性检测,以显微镜观察等方法考察载体红细胞的载药释放、贮存稳定、渗透脆性和形态等生物学特性.结果:预膨胀红细胞与VCR的0.6%盐水溶液作用后,单位数量(1×109/ml)红细胞载药量最高,达49.59 μg;预膨胀红细胞与上述VCR溶液作用20 min后载药达到稳定;VCR浓度在50～2 000 μg/ml范围内时,单位数量红细胞的载药量(y, μg)可按y=0.098 2 x-2.465 8计算,线性相关系数r =0.996 1.红细胞总载药率为(61.42±3.69)%,载体红细胞回收率为(90.61±4.95)%.载体红细胞渗透脆性减低,形态无明显变化,体积略有增大与载药量成正比(r =0.988 0),药物释放缓慢,4 h连续释放率(11.35±1.65)%,可稳定贮存5 d.结论:红细胞可作为VCR载药,载药参数良好,生物学特性无明显改变.     

可降解输尿管支架材料的特性研究

目的 构建一种生物可降解输尿管载药支架材料,并研究其体内外降解特性、药物释放特性及组织相容性.方法 乙交酯-L-丙交酯-ε-己内酯三元无规共聚物材料、雷帕霉素共溶于三氯甲烷溶液中,溶液蒸发法制备两种规格载药支架材料.将材料浸泡于体外尿液环境中,恒温振荡2、4、6、8、10周后,通过大体形态、电镜扫描观察材料的体外降解情况;通过高效液相色谱测定材料载药量变化研究材料药物释放特性.将材料包埋于兔两侧椎旁肌,于1、4、12周时手术取出材料行组织染色切片研究材料的组织相容性.结果 体外振荡环境下,4周时管内可见絮状漂浮物,此时质量丢失率约为27%,扫描电镜下材料表面可见细小孔洞,10周时材料降解为泥沙样沉积物.支架载药量逐渐降低,0周组(1412±28)μg与2周组(1335±74)μg载药量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2周组与4周组(1165±84)μg、4周组与6周组(622±25)μg、6周组与8周组(286±17)μg载药量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).组织学切片观察急性期表现为手术损伤后炎症反应,植入后期纤维增生不明显.结论 新型生物可降解输尿管载药支架材料肌肉包埋组织学反应轻微,具有良好的组织相容性,体外环境下其在降解同时,能持续释放雷帕霉素达8周.     

聚（乳酸-羟基乙酸）共聚物涂层的释药性能

以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,配制聚（乳酸-羟基乙酸）共聚物(PLGA)雷帕霉素溶液,利用滴涂法在316L不锈钢表面制备PLGA载药涂层。于37 ℃磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中进行体外动态药物释放,并用紫外-可见分光光度计测定药物释放量。结果表明：PLGA涂层中PLGA分子量越小,羟基乙酸(GA)含量越高,药物释放越快;药物释放量与滴涂量呈线性关系,药物释放率与滴涂量的倒数呈线性关系;涂层中药物含量增加,其释放量也随之增加,而药物释放率先增加后降低。     

载银纳米二氧化钛在义齿基托中的缓释性

目的 观察载银纳米二氧化钛树脂(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)基托中银离子及钛离子的释放特点.方法 将5 g/L载银纳米二氧化钛树脂基托分为2组,A组试件在蒸馏水中浸泡30 d;B组试件在蒸馏水中浸泡1 d(取第1、7、14、21、30天浸提液),采用电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定A、B2组试件浸提液中银离子及钛离子含量.结果 A组试件浸提液银离子含量为(37.72±6.20)μg/L,钛离子含量为(2.18±0.33)μg/L;B组第1、7、14、21、30天浸提液银离子含量分别为(10.30±2.80)、(4.07±1.86)、(3.96±1.58)、(4.88±0.75)、(3.67±0.16)μg/L,钛离子含量分别为(1.89±0.06)、(1.30±0.30)、(1.88±1.32)、(1.18±0.08)、(1.27±0.16)μg/L.结论 载银纳米二氧化钛树脂基托中银离子及钛离子在蒸馏水中释放量小,银离子在第1周释放量较大,其后趋于平稳,钛离子则始终保持平稳的释放量,这为载银纳米二氧化钛抗菌粉在义齿基托中的抗菌长效性提供了科学依据.     

多西紫杉醇PLGA/nHA复合微球的制备及体外释放研究

目的 制备多西紫杉醇(DTX)聚乳酸羟基乙酸(PLGA)/纳米羟基磷灰石(nHA)复合微球,研究纳米羟基磷灰石对复合微球的载药量,包封率和体外释放等性质的影响,以及抑制前列腺癌细胞的增长效应.方法 以疏水性抗癌药物多西紫杉醇作为模型药物,采用单乳化溶剂挥发法(S/O/W)制备PLGA/nHA-DTX复合微球,对载药前后的纳米羟基磷灰石进行透射电子显微镜观察和FTIR分析,并采用扫描电镜、激光粒度仪和高效液相色谱对微球的载药量、包封率、粒径及体外释药性质进行研究.结果 FTIR结果 表明纳米羟基磷灰石对多西紫杉醇有较强的吸附作用.PLGA/nHA-DTX复合微球的载药量和包封率分别为3.92%和88.7%,较之单纯的PLGA-DTX微球均有很大的提高.经过体外释放药物突释后,复合微球比单纯PLGA微球的药物释放慢.在第30 d时,复合微球和单纯的PLGA微球累积药物释率放分别为62.40%和72.70%.MTT实验结果 显示PLGA/nHA复合微球对癌细胞增长的抑制效果优于单纯PLGA微球和药物.结论 与单纯的PLGA-DTX微珠相比,由于纳米羟基磷灰石对多西紫杉醇存在较强的吸附作用,使PLGA/nHA-DTX复合微球的载药量和包封率得到了较大的提高,具有更好的药物缓释效果,抑制癌细胞增长的作用更有效.     

骨保护素-聚乳酸羟基乙酸缓释微球的制备及体外释药性能研究

目的 以聚乳酸羟基乙酸(PLGA)为载体构建载有骨保护素(OPG)的微球,筛选出缓释效果最佳的制备条件,并研究载药微球的体外释放特性.方法 采用复乳溶剂挥发法,以不同的搅拌速度、聚乙烯醇(PVA)浓度、PLGA浓度制备OPG-PLGA微球并测定其载药量和包封率,通过正交试验优化制备条件;以磷酸盐缓冲液作为释放介质考察载药微球的体外释放特性.结果 以PLGA聚合物浓度400 mg/ml、搅拌速度400 r/min、PVA浓度2％为条件制备的载药微球具有最优的载药量和包封率,分别为6.21×10-和75.10％,体外释药试验显示微球持续释放时间达到30 d,具有良好缓释效果.结论 采用优化条件制备的OPG-PLGA微球具有较高的包封率和载药量,同时具有良好的缓释效果,为用于拔牙位点保存术的缓释药物研究提供了基础.     

基于脑血管重建的血管内皮生长因子缓释微球制备及性质研究

目的制作用于脑血管重建研究的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)缓释微球并研究其性质。方法采用W1/O/W2复乳溶剂挥发法制作VEGF-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球和载罗丹明B微球;使用扫描电镜观察其表面形态结构;采用微量蛋白测定法测定微球中药物的载药量和包封率,并对微球的体外释药性能进行研究;将用罗丹明B标记的微球注入大鼠颞肌组织,分别于第10天和第30天取颞肌组织行冰冻切片,倒置荧光显微镜下观察。结果扫描电镜观察到微球表面光滑无孔隙,粒径为4~10μm;微球载药量及包封率的测定显示其平均载药量为(25.50±1.57)%,平均包封率为(85.07±0.15)%,累积释放率可达80%以上;微球在颞肌组织中可持续存在30 d以上。结论 VEGF-PLGA微球能稳定长时间释放VEGF,可用于脑血管重建研究。     

多柔比星长效注射微球的体外释放研究

目的:考察多柔比星(Dox)微球的体外释放特性及药物在制备工艺和体外释放过程中的稳定性.方法:以乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为载体材料,用改进的复乳法(W/O/W)制备载Dox长效注射微球;考察粒径大小、外观、包封率、载药量等理化性质;用紫外分光光度法检测了体外释放溶液中的药物含量,考察了微球的体外释药特性及影响因素;用高效液相色谱法评价了微球制备工艺和体外释放过程对Dox稳定性的影响.结果:微球球形圆整,分散性好,平均粒径为85 μm,包封率为95.1%,载药量为14.8%.随着PLGA浓度的增加,W/O体积比的减小,微球释放速度减慢,突释效应减小.制备工艺对Dox的稳定性无明显影响,而Dox在体外释放过程中随着释放时间的延长逐渐有降解峰产生,10 d后降解峰面积占2.46%.结论:用复乳法制备载Dox微球,通过对PLGA浓度和油水体积比的调节,可以得到不同释放速度的微球.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.