Influence of water and food consumption on inadvertent antibiotics intake among general population

Antibiotic entry into the water environment has been of growing concern. However, few investigations have been performed to examine the potential for indirect human exposure to environmental antibiotic residues. We evaluated the contribution of drinking water and major food consumption to inadvertent intake of antibiotic residues among general human population in Korea. We estimated daily human intake of six antibiotics, i.e., sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfathiazole (STZ), trimethoprim (TMP), enrofloxacin (EFX), and roxithromycin (RTM), by measuring the concentrations of the antibiotics and their major metabolites in urine from general population in Korea (n=541). In addition, we measured antibiotics from source water of drinking water as well as in tap water samples, and surveyed water consumption rates among the study population. To assess the contribution of dietary factor, we also surveyed consumption pattern for several major foods which are suspected of antibiotics residue. SMZ, Sulfamethazine-N4-acetyl (SMZ-N4), TMP, EFX, ciprofloxacin (CFX), and RTM were detected up to 448, 6210, 11,900, 6970, 32,400, and 151 pg/ml in the urine samples, respectively. Estimates of daily intake of major antibiotics did not appear to be related with consumption of drinking water although antibiotics were frequently detected in source waters (10-67 ng/l). Consumption of several foods correlated significantly with urinary excretion of several antibiotics. Daily intake estimates of EFX and CFX were associated with consumption of beef, pork, and dairy products; those of SMZ and TMP associated with pork and dairy products; and that of TMP related with raw fish. Daily antibiotics intake estimates however did not exceed the acceptable daily intake levels.     

In vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, singly and in combination

Two isolates of Plasmodium falciparum (F 32 and K 1) were tested against sulfadoxine (SDX), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), pyrimethamine (PYR) and trimethoprim (TMP), using a 48 h microtest, with RPMI-1640 low in PABA and folic acid. The IC50 for F 32 was: PYR 6.1 X 10(-9) M (mol/litre), TMP 1.3 X 10(-7) M, Fansidar (SDX/PYR 80:1) less than 10(-8) to 1.3 X 10(-10) M and cotrimoxazole (SMZ/TMP 20:1) 2.6 X 10(-7) to 1.3 X 10(-8) M. The IC50 for K 1 was: PYR greater than 10(-6) M, TMP 8.2 X 10(-7) M, Fansidar 4.1 X 10(-7) to 1.1 X 10(-9) M and cotrimoxazole 1.8 X 10(-6) to 9.0 X 10(-8) M. The difference in IC50 between F 32 and K 1 against TMP and cotrimoxazole is much less than the difference between the IC50 values against PYR and Fansidar, indicating that cross-resistance between PYR and TMP exists, but is not complete. A method for calculating the IC50 by linear regression analysis is described.     

城市公园湖水体中异养菌与主要污染物的相关性研究

目的了解武汉市公园湖水体中异养菌的分布特点及其与主要污染物的相关性,为公园湖的生物修复提供依据。方法选择武汉市中山公园瀑屏湖(P)和动物园墨水湖(M)为研究对象,分别用国家标准方法测定其水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总有机碳(TOC)和化学需氧量(CODcr),并对水体和底泥分别进行细菌培养。结果P湖CODcr平均值为8934mgL,TOC平均值为5125mgL,TP平均值为0089mgL,TN平均值为4739mgL;M湖CODcr平均值为86296mgL,TOC平均值为13255mgL,TP平均值为1796mgL,TN平均值为7325mgL。从两水体共分离鉴定优势菌10株,分别为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)3株,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)3株,肠杆菌科(Enterobateriaceae)1株,球菌2株,气单胞菌(Aeromonas)1株。水体中微生物以假单胞菌较多,底泥中芽孢杆菌比例相对增加,两水体中细菌量平均为190×103CFUml和553×104CFUml,底泥中细菌量平均为312×105CFUg和506×105CFUg。结论根据景观水体的环境质量标准,武汉市P湖和M湖水质污染较严重;水中细菌主要是革兰氏阴性杆菌,以假单胞菌属占优势,革兰氏阳性菌主要是芽孢杆菌,还有部分球菌;M湖中细菌种类及数量均高于P湖,各污染指标有一定相关性。     

大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎黄芩苷治疗效果评价

目的 研究黄芩苷治疗大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎(PCP)的疗效.方法 以每周2次连续6周皮下注射地塞米松3.5 mg/只,建立清洁级SD大鼠PCP动物模型,用黄芩苷100,200和400 mg/kg灌胃,连续2周治疗实验大鼠.同时设复方新诺明治疗对照组、PCP模型对照组和正常对照组;通过各组大鼠肺重、肺重/体重比、包囊计数和肺组织病理学变化等指标评价疗效.结果 黄芩苷低(100 mg/kg)、中(200 mg/kg)、高(400 mg/kg)剂量组大鼠肺重分别为(2.26±0.14),(1.79±0.11),(1.57±0.14)g,低于PCP模型对照组的(2.70±0.15)g(P<0.01);肺重/体重比分别为(1.32±0.22)%,(1.04±0.13)%,(0.59±0.11)%,低于PCP模型对照组的(1.98±0.18)%(P<0.01);包囊均数分别为(42,86±5.01),(41.86±6.64),(30.29±4.72),低于PCP模型对照组的(56.29±5.82)(P<0.01);肺组织炎症明显减轻,黄芩苷高剂量组与复方新诺明治疗对照组效果接近.结论 黄芩苷对大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎有明显的治疗作用,治疗效果接近复方新诺明.     

Global distribution and epidemiologic associations of Escherichia coli clonal group A, 1998-2007

Escherichia coli clonal group A (CGA) was first reported in 2001 as an emerging multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogen. Because CGA has considerable implications for public health, we examined the trends of its global distribution, clinical associations, and temporal prevalence for the years 1998-2007. We characterized 2,210 E. coli extraintestinal clinical isolates from 32 centers on 6 continents by CGA status for comparison with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) phenotype, specimen type, inpatient/outpatient source, and adult/child host; we adjusted for clustering by center. CGA prevalence varied greatly by center and continent, was strongly associated with TMP/SMZ resistance but not with other epidemiologic variables, and exhibited no temporal prevalence trend. Our findings indicate that CGA is a prominent, primarily TMP/SMZ-resistant extraintestinal pathogen concentrated within the Western world, with considerable pathogenic versatility. The stable prevalence of CGA over time suggests full emergence by the late 1990s, followed by variable endemicity worldwide as an antimicrobial drug-resistant public health threat.     

Effects of combined treatment of sodium hypochlorite/ionizing radiation and addition of vitamin B(1) on microbial flora of oyster and short-necked clam

To determine the synergistic disinfection effect of the combined treatments of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), irradiation, and vitamin B(1), the bactericidal effects of the treatments on natural microflora of oyster and short-necked clam were investigated. Then, bacteria isolated from the samples were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Oyster and short-necked clam were mainly contaminated with Vibrio spp. and Bacillus spp. Total number of aerobic bacteria ranged from 10(2) to 10(4) colony forming units (CFU)/g initially. More than 100?mg/L of NaClO with 1000?mg/L vitamin B(1) and 2?kGy irradiation treatment for oyster and short-necked clam can reduce the total aerobic bacteria to the level of lower than a detection limit (10 CFU/g). Synergistic effects were observed for all combined treatment against natural microflora. The results suggest that a significant synergistic benefit can be achieved by a combination of NaClO-ionizing radiation treatment with the addition of vitamin B(1) to reduce the microbial population contaminated in oyster and short-necked clam.     

Transferable high-level trimethoprim resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections in Ontario, Canada.

Of 1171 isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples at the Public Health Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between May 1990 and December 1991, 120 (10.3%) were resistant to trimethoprim (TMP), cotrimoxazole (TMP/SMX), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and other antimicrobial agents; 110 of the 120 isolates (91.7%) were resistant to four or more agents. The majority of resistant isolates (91.7%) exhibited high-level resistance (MIC > 1000 mg/L) to TMP. The MIC of TMP/SMX for all 120 isolates was > 2.0/38.0 mg/L and for SMX > 1024 mg/L. High-level resistances were also present among the beta-lactam antimicrobials with MICs ranging from 16- > 256 mg/L. Forty-three of 120 TMP-resistant (35.8%) isolates conjugally transferred TMP-resistance to E. coli K-12. Co-transfer of several other resistances was observed. SMX cotransferred from 86% of the 43 donors and beta-lactams together with SMX cotransferred from 70%. Nalidixic acid resistance was present among 22 (18.3%) of the 120 resistant isolates, however, nalidixic acid resistance was not transferred to E. coli K-12.     

老年患者医院感染铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性调查

目的 探讨老年患者铜绿假单胞菌(PAE)医院感染现状及耐药性,为临床医师合理用药提供实验室依据.方法 PAE培养与鉴定按照《全国临床检验操作规程》进行,药敏试验采用K-B法.结果 212株PAE主要感染部位是下呼吸道,占57.5％,其次是皮肤黏膜,占18.4％,第3位是泌尿道感染,占11.8％;PAE药敏结果表明,耐药率＞50.0％的抗菌药物有磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶、庆大霉素、环丙沙星;敏感率＞80.0％的抗菌药物有亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星.结论 老年患者医院感染PAE耐药性非常严重,应加强监测、预防与控制.     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的检测及耐药性分析

目的 调查临床产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌的检出率及耐药性.方法 药敏试验采用纸片扩散法;酶抑制剂增强试验检测大肠埃希菌中的超广谱β-内酰胺酶.结果 产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药率远高于非产酶菌株;产ESBLs菌株对哌拉西林、头孢呋辛和磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶的耐药率均＞88.0％;而非产ESBLs菌株对哌拉西林、磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶和头孢呋辛的耐药率分别为68.0％、70.0％、22.0％;对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢西丁有较高的敏感率(＞73.1％),而非产ESBLs菌株对上述3种抗菌药物的敏感率均＞84.0％;大肠埃希菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株的检出率为34.2％;产酶菌株对大多数临床常用的抗菌药物表现为耐药,包括β-内酰胺类和非β-内酰胺类抗菌药物.结论 产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株在临床分离的大肠埃希菌中已较为普遍,且产酶菌株多为多药耐药菌株,临床应重视此类菌株的出现,加强对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株的检测.     

427株黏质沙雷菌临床分布及耐药性

目的了解临床分离的黏质沙雷菌临床分布及耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗菌药物、预防和控制感染提供依据。方法对某院2012年1月1日—2015年12月31日临床分离的427株黏质沙雷菌进行分析,采用纸片扩散法检测其对常用抗菌药物的敏感性。结果427株黏质沙雷菌标本来源以呼吸道为主（70.26%）,主要为痰（64.87%）;科室分布主要为重症监护病房（ICU,19.44%）,其次为中西医结合科（15.46%）和康复科（13.58%）。黏质沙雷菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、厄他培南、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、阿米卡星、亚胺培南、左氧氟沙星和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率均＜10%;对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、头孢曲松、复方磺胺甲口恶唑和氨曲南的耐药率为10%~30%。4年间耐药率变化有统计学意义（P＜0.05）的有头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、阿米卡星、氨曲南和复方磺胺甲口恶唑;2012—2013年黏质沙雷菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、氨曲南和复方磺胺甲口恶唑耐药率明显增加,之后耐药率趋于平稳;对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦则耐药性降低。结论黏质沙雷菌对大部分常用抗菌药物的敏感性较好,但耐药性有增加的趋势;其中厄他培南、头孢他啶、左氧氟沙星和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦敏感率高,可作为临床治疗相关感染的经验用药。     

Experimental determination of bioconcentration, biotransformation, and elimination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in Solea senegalensis

The bioconcentration, biotransformation, and elimination of anionic surfactants, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), specifically 2?C(10) and 2?C(12) LAS, which are pure isomers from two different homologues, have been characterized in Solea senegalensis using an experimental flow-through system with environmental exposure levels. The LAS and their carboxylated metabolites, sulfophenylcarboxylic acids (SPCs), were analyzed by pressurized liquid extraction, followed by solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, and mass spectrometry. The bioconcentration factors obtained in the steady state were 17.2 +/- 1.2 L/kg for 2?C(10) LAS and 386.5 +/- 31.5 L/kg for 2?C(12) LAS. A kinetic study also was performed with 2?C(12) LAS, and the rate constants of uptake and elimination were K(1) = 177.04 L/kg d and K(2) = 0.92/d, respectively. The formation of the intermediate degradation products was monitored during the 2?C(10) LAS experiment, thus allowing, to our knowledge for the first time, the identification and quantification of SPCs from 5?C(6) to 9?C(10) in marine organisms and in the depuration water as a result of biotransformation by the organisms, diffusive elimination, and excretion. The elimination percentage of the surfactants is both time- and concentration-dependent, and this suggests the existence of a concentration limit for the surfactant in the fish below which the elimination processes are slow. Overall, LAS are not persistent bioaccumulative compounds at environmental exposure levels.     

Development and evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting iap for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in select food matrices

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular foodborne pathogen that has been associated with severe human illnesses. Various rapid detection methods have been developed for the specific detection of this pathogen. In the present study, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting iap, a gene encoding extracellular protein p60, was developed for L. monocytogenes. The PCR efficiency is above 85% and the limit of detection (LOD) is 30 copies of genome per reaction for all strains tested. The assay exhibited 100% inclusivity and exclusivity rates. The detection of L. monocytogenes in five food matrices, whole milk, soft cheese, turkey deli meat, smoked salmon, and alfalfa sprouts, was evaluated with and without enrichment. Without enrichment, the LOD for all food matrices were 4×10(3)?CFU/mL food enrichment mix for whole milk and 4×10(4)?CFU/mL for all other foods. With 24?h incubation in Buffered Listeria Enrichment Broth, the LOD was 3?CFU/25?g food for whole milk, turkey deli meat, and smoked salmon and 9?CFU/25?g food for soft cheese and alfalfa sprouts. With 48?h incubation, the LOD was 3?CFU/25?g food for all matrices. This quantitative PCR appears to be a promising alternative for rapid detection of L. monocytogenes in select foods.     

次氯酸钠溶液对临床常见细菌的敏感性观察

目的通过试验观察几种常见细菌对次氯酸钠消毒剂的敏感性,为临床使用含氯消毒剂提供理论依据。方法配制0～50mg/L 6种不同浓度的次氯酸钠溶液,将一定量的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽胞杆菌悬液与不同浓度次氯酸钠溶液混合作用5min,设6个试验组,按常规方法接种培养,观察灭菌效果。结果对照组(0mg/L)细菌生长良好,菌落数平均为1123CFU,试验组1、5、10、20、50 mg/L浓度时细菌存活率分别为50.3%、22.6%、3.6%、0.3%、0。结论次氯酸钠浓度<50mg/L时对临床常见几种细菌也有较好的敏感性。     

ATP含量与细菌数及血液稀释度的相关性研究

目的 对ATP含量与细菌数及血液稀释度进行相关性研究,探讨ATP生物荧光法检测医疗器械清洗效果的可行性.方法 将大肠埃希菌ATCC 8099稀释到108、107、106、105、104、103、102进行ATP含量测定,找到ATP含量与菌落数的对应关系;将志愿者血液梯度稀释10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4、5×10-5、2.5×10-5、2.5×10-6、2.5×10-7、2.5×10-8;进行ATP含量测定,找到ATP含量与不同血液稀释度的对应关系.结果 细菌浓度在(102～108) CFU/ml时,菌数对数值与Biotech生物荧光快速检测系统测得的ATP含量对数值成线性关系(R2=0.9791,P＜0.0001);血液稀释10-4～10-8范围时,血液稀释度对数值与Biotech生物荧光快速检测系统测得的ATP含量对数值成线性关系(R2=0.9818,P=0.0001).结论 在一定范围内ATP含量与细菌数成线性相关;血液稀释度在一定范围时ATP含量与血液稀释度成线性相关,通过ATP生物荧光法测ATP含量,可用于检测医疗器械清洗效果.     

斜管井取黄河渗透水供生活饮用的研究

目的：探索为黄河沿岸居民提供经济有效的供水方法。方法：打斜管井深入黄河河床以下30m处,以大功率水泵抽水,经加氯消毒后供生活饮用。于丰、枯水期检测斜管井源水水质并同黄河源水比较。结果：丰、枯水期斜管井源水感官性状及化学指标如;色度（5度）、浑浊度（＜3度）、硫酸盐（82.6-84.0mg/L)、氯化物（58.7-57.3mg/L)、氟化物（0.44-0.46mg/L)、溶解性总固体（447-488mg/L),毒理学指标如：硝酸盐氮（＜0.25mg/L),细菌学指标如：细菌总数（9.6-12.2CFU/ml)和大肠菌群（0/ml),均优于黄河源水。结论：该取水方法工艺简单,投资少,供水量稳定,水质可靠,值得推广。     

Predictability of Copper, Irgarol, and Diuron Combined Effects on Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus

The aim of this work was to investigate the mixture toxicity of Irgarol (2-methylthio-4-t-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine), Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), and copper upon the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and to compare the observed data with the predictions derived from approaches of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA). Copper spermiotoxicity was more sensitive (EC50 = 0.018 mg/L) than embryotoxicity (EC50 = 0.046 mg/L). The offspring malformations were mainly P1 type (skeletal alterations) in both cases, probably because copper competes to fix Ca²⁺. Irgarol and Diuron toxicity has been previously investigated. EC50 mixture embryotoxicity showed an EC50 of 1.79 mg/L, whereas spermiotoxicity mixture effects were lower than 11%. Both CA and IA modeling approaches failed to predict accurately mixture toxicity. For embryotoxicity, the IA model overestimated the mixture toxicity at effect levels of <80%. CA does not represent the worst-case approach showing values lower than IA (embryotoxicity) or similar (spermiotoxicity).     

Lactobacillus gasseri suppresses Th17 pro-inflammatory response and attenuates allergen-induced airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma

Probiotics are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of man and are widely considered to exert a number of beneficial effects in many diseases. But the mechanism by which they modulate the immune system is poorly understood. The present study was planned to explore the anti-allergic effect of Lactobacillus gasseri on a mouse model of allergic asthma. Dermatophoides pteronyssinus (Der p) sensitised and challenged BALB/c mice were orally administered via oral administration with three different doses of L. gasseri (low, 1 × 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU); medium, 2 × 10(6) CFU; high, 4 × 10(6) CFU), in 700 μl of PBS daily, starting from 2 weeks before Der p sensitisation for 4 weeks. After the allergen challenge, airway responsiveness to methacholine, influx of inflammatory cells to the lung, and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and splenocytes culture were assessed. Our results showed that oral administration of a high dose of L. gasseri (4 × 10(6) CFU) decreased airway responsiveness to methacholine, attenuated the influx of inflammatory cells to the airways and reduced the levels of TNF-α, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and IL-17A in BAL fluids of Der p-sensitised and -challenged mice. Moreover, L. gasseri decreased IL-17A production in transforming growth factor-α and IL-6 stimulated splenocytes and cell numbers of IL-17 producing alveolar macrophages in L. gasseri-treated mice as compared to non-treated, Der p-sensitised and -challenged mice. In conclusion, oral administration with L. gasseri can attenuate major characteristics of allergen-induced airway inflammation and IL-17 pro-inflammatory immune response in a mouse model of allergic asthma, which may have clinical implication in the preventive or therapeutic potential in allergic asthma.     

仿生表面湿化防止氧气湿化中微生物传播的试验研究

目的 研究常规氧疗时氧气加湿和输送过程中微生物的传播规律,寻找杜绝微生物传播的方法,探讨解决吸氧相关医院感染肺炎的方案.方法 对仿生表面湿化和常规入水湿化两种装置中的湿源物质分别以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白色假丝酵母菌污染,在加菌后第1～3天的相同时间均供氧20 min,对每个标本瓶分别进行细菌和真菌的培养并计数.结果 置入与仿生表面湿化装置连接的吸氧管终端的标本瓶中均未检测到金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白色假丝酵母菌,置入与常规入水湿化装置连接的吸氧管终端标本瓶中可检测到金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌;第1～3天金黄色葡萄球菌的计数分别为低浓度组39.5、52.4、117.3 CFU/ml,高浓度组83.1、125.2、263.2 CFU/ml,大肠埃希菌的计数分别为低浓度组12.9、29.4、37.3 CFU/ml,高浓度组26.5、55.2、65.2 CFU/ml,未检测到白色假丝酵母菌;在与两种装置连接的吸氧管终端榆测到的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌在统计学上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 独特的仿生学表面湿化装置即使在湿源物质遭到污染的情况下仍可以防止污染细菌随氧气通过吸氧管进入患者的呼吸道,这对切断微生物的传播途径,避免与吸氧相关的医院感染肺炎的发生,保让患者安全具有重要意义.     

前列腺炎患者98例前列腺液细菌培养及药敏分析

目的探讨细菌性前列腺炎患者的病原菌检测和药敏试验对临床治疗的指导作用。方法对98例前列腺炎患者的前列腺液作细菌培养和药敏试验并进行分析。结果98例标本培养阳性70例，阳性率为71．42％，主要以革兰阳性球菌为主，占92．8％。药敏试验结果显示常规使用的抗生素如青霉素G、氨苄西林、红霉素类、复方新诺明（SMZ）、环丙沙星等耐药率较高，而对先锋V、庆大霉素（GEN）、先锋必（CFP）等敏感性较高。结论前列腺炎患者的病原菌分析及药敏试验对指导临床合理用药具有重要意义。     

广州市医疗机构口腔科诊疗用水卫生状况调查分析

目的了解广州市医疗机构口腔科诊疗用水卫生状况,为医疗机构口腔科医院感染控制提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样和普查的方法,对各级别医疗机构净水式和储水式口腔综合治疗台的水源水、嗽口水、冲洗水和手机喷水进行采样检测,根据GB 15982—2012《医院消毒卫生标准》、GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》对样本进行细菌分离培养、鉴定和评价。菌落总数采用中位数（上四分位数,下四分位数）[M（P25,P75）]表示。结果共采集净水式治疗台诊疗用水204份（嗽口水、冲洗水、手机喷水各68份）,嗽口水菌落总数为40.00（10.50,373.50）CFU/m L,冲洗水菌落总数为1 141.50（185.00,2 995.00）CFU/m L,手机喷水菌落总数为3 302.00（1 397.75,5 601.25）CFU/m L;净水式治疗台不同诊疗用水的菌落总数比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。共采集储水式治疗台诊疗用水66份（水源水、冲洗水和手机喷水各22份）,水源水菌落总数为225.00（17.50,1 619.75）CFU/m L,冲洗水菌落总数为2 160.00（440.00,3 652.00）CFU/m L,手机喷水菌落总数为2 665.50（252.00,5 636.00）CFU/m L;储水式治疗台不同诊疗用水的菌落总数比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。检出污染优势菌主要为少动鞘氨醇单胞菌、少见嗜铜菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、皮氏罗尔斯顿菌等。结论广州市医疗机构口腔科诊疗用水污染严重,须采取有效的消毒措施,并定期监测,预防口腔科医院感染的发生。