基于纤维束骨架的空间统计方法研究维持性透析终末期肾病患者脑白质结构变化

目的 探讨基于纤维束骨架的空间统计方法研究维持性透析终末期肾病（ESRD）患者脑白质微结构变化。方法 采用3.0T MR仪对32例行维持性血透的ESRD患者和30名健康对照行DTI扫描,应用基于纤维束骨架的空间统计（TBSS）方法分析DTI多参数图,获得部分各向异性分数（FA）、平均弥散度（MD）、轴向弥散度（AD）及径向弥散度（RD）有显著差异的脑区。将ESRD患者差异脑区FA值与简易精神状态测试（MMSE）评分进行偏相关分析。结果 与健康对照比较,ESRD患者双侧额叶白质、双侧前辐射冠、胼胝体体部及膝部、左侧颞叶白质及多条联络纤维FA值显著减低;MD值呈广泛且对称性显著升高;右侧上纵束、左侧上辐射冠AD值显著升高,左侧丘脑前辐射AD值显著降低;双侧额叶、胼胝体及双侧上纵束等白质区RD值显著升高（P均<0.05）。右侧额叶白质（r=0.404,P=0.022）及左侧上纵束（r=0.475,P=0.006）FA值与MMSE评分呈正相关。结论 ESRD患者脑区白质微结构受损,可能导致其认知障碍。     

基于DTI的三叉神经痛脑白质结构异常及其与临床特征的相关性

目的 采用基于纤维束的空间统计方法（TBSS）探讨原发性三叉神经痛（PTN）患者脑白质微结构异常。方法 对38例PTN患者（PTN组）和38名年龄、性别匹配的健康志愿者（对照组）行全脑DTI扫描,并用FSL软件进行分析,寻找FA值、平均扩散系数（MD）、径向扩散系数（RD）和轴向扩散系数（AD）存在组间统计学差异的脑区,并与视觉模拟评分（VAS）进行相关分析。结果 与对照组相比,PTN组胼胝体、放射冠、左侧上纵束、左侧下纵束及下额枕束FA值降低;且PTN组双侧丘脑后辐射、双侧内囊、双侧外囊、穹窿、右侧上纵束同时存在MD值和RD值升高,而AD升高脑区仅局限于双侧内囊前支、左侧内囊后支、双侧上放射冠和双侧上纵束。PTN患者左侧上纵束FA值与VAS呈负相关（r=-0.502,P=0.001）,左侧上纵束MD值与VAS评分呈正相关（r=0.437,P=0.006）。结论 丘脑、内囊MD值和RD值同向升高而不伴FA值降低可能是PTN的相对特征性DTI表现;左侧上纵束FA值和MD值对评估PTN患者疼痛水平有参考价值。     

基于弥散张量成像的终末期肾病脑白质结构异常与认知功能障碍相关性分析

目的 探讨终末期肾病（ESRD）患者脑白质结构异常与认知损伤的相关性。方法 对26例ESRD患者（ESRD组）和25名健康志愿者（HC组）进行蒙特利尔认知量表（MoCA）评估,并比较两组受试者整体认知评分和子项评分的差异;采用基于DTI的纤维束骨架的空间统计分析（TBSS）方法获得各向异性分数（FA）、平均扩散系数（MD）、轴向扩散系数（AD）及平行扩散系数（RD）;将ESRD组MoCA得分与有差异脑区FA值进行基于体素的Spearman相关分析。结果 ESRD组与HC组比较,MoCA总分和MoCA子项包括视觉空间与执行能力、语言和延迟回忆差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;ESRD组双侧下额枕束、辐射冠、上纵束、穹窿、丘脑后辐射、大脑脚,右侧内囊及外囊,脑桥,胼胝体膝部和体部FA值减低（P均<0.05）;ESRD组双侧大脑白质对称MD、AD、RD升高（P均<0.05）。ESRD组右侧外囊FA值与MOCA得分呈正相关（r=0.61,P<0.05）。结论 终末期肾病存在包括记忆、执行力等领域认知损伤,且与脑白质纤维束异常存在一定相关性;右侧外囊区的FA值减低与认知损伤密切相关,可为ESRD患者在血液透析过程中脑结构-功能损伤研究提供新的诊断学标记。     

基于纤维束空间统计学分析视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病脑白质微结构改变

目的 采用DTI基于纤维骨架空间统计方法（TBSS）分析视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（NMOSD）患者脑白质纤维束微结构的改变。方法 对20例NMOSD患者（NMOSD组）和20名健康志愿者（正常对照组）行全脑常规MR和DTI扫描,使用FSL软件包中TBSS步骤对DTI数据行全脑非参数统计分析,并对NMOSD组有统计学差异的纤维束FA值与临床扩展残疾状态量表（EDSS）评分进行相关性分析。结果 与正常对照组比较,NMOSD组大脑及小脑白质区纤维束如胼胝体、穹隆、皮质脊髓束、钩束、小脑脚等广泛FA值减低（P<0.05,FEW校正）,其中扣带束、胼胝体、穹隆等AD值减低、RD值增高,穹隆和左侧内囊豆核后部MD值升高（P<0.05,FEW校正）。NMOSD患者左侧钩束、右侧外囊、左侧小脑下脚及双侧内囊前肢、内侧丘系FA值与EDSS评分呈负相关（P均<0.05）。结论 TBSS显示NMOSD患者大脑及小脑存在广泛脑白质损伤,可解释NMOSD部分临床症状,与残疾症状无关的脑区纤维束微结构改变提示NMOSD患者这些区域病变可能存在更复杂的病理机制。     

Brain microstructural correlates of visuospatial choice reaction time in children

The corticospinal tracts and the basal ganglia continue to develop during childhood and adolescence, and indices of their maturation can be obtained using diffusion-weighted imaging. Here we show that a simple measure of visuomotor function is correlated with diffusion parameters in the corticospinal tracts and neostriatum. In a cohort of 75 typically-developing children aged 7 to 13years, mean 5-choice reaction times (RTs) were assessed. We hypothesised that children with faster choice RTs would show lower mean diffusivity (MD) in the corticospinal tracts and neostriatum and higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corticospinal tracts, after controlling for age, gender, and handedness. Mean MD and/or FA were extracted from the right and left corticospinal tracts, putamen, and caudate nuclei. As predicted, faster 5-choice RTs were associated with lower MD in the corticospinal tracts, putamen, and caudate. MD effects on RT were bilateral in the corticospinal tracts and putamen, whilst right caudate MD was more strongly related to performance than was left caudate MD. Our results suggest a link between motor performance variability in children and diffusivity in the motor system, which may be related to: individual differences in the phase of fibre tract and neostriatal maturation in children of similar age, individual differences in motor experience during childhood (i.e., use-dependent plasticity), and/or more stable individual differences in the architecture of the motor system.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中扩散张量成像对脑白质损伤及预后的诊断价值

目的  分析扩散张量成像（DTI）在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病诊断中对脑白质的损伤和预后的价值。方法  将本院于2018年8月~2021年6月收治的60例行MRI检查的新生儿作为研究对象,年龄均 < 2周岁,且均有缺氧缺血性脑病史。将患者分为脑瘫组和非脑瘫组（30例/组）,记录其常规颅脑平扫征象和得分,于DTI图像上找出感兴趣区域并测定各向异性分数（FA）值和表观弥散系数（ADC）值。测定的白质区包括：内囊前肢、丘脑后辐射、额叶白质、中脑大脑脚、胼胝体压部、下纵束、胼胝体体部、内囊后肢、视辐射、内囊膝部、皮质脊髓束、半卵圆中心、听辐射、胼胝体膝部和顶叶白质等。生成胼胝体纤维束和皮质脊髓束的三维图像。对比分析两组患儿平扫的征象和FA值与ADC值;采用Logistic回归分析多因素筛选脑白质损伤的独立影响因素,并评估其拟合度和效能。结果  经MRI平扫,两组患儿颅脑左侧的丘脑、两侧的半卵圆中心区和胼胝体体部的征象差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;其中脑瘫组患儿各个部位的FA值均比非脑瘫组小,且两组患儿的FA值在内囊后肢、听辐射、双侧中脑大脑脚、视辐射、顶叶白质、皮质脊髓束、胼胝体压部、下纵束、半卵圆中心、胼胝体膝部、丘脑后辐射、胼胝体体部和左侧豆状核的差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;两组患儿的ADC值在双侧半卵圆中心、胼胝体体部、左侧内囊后肢、左侧丘脑后辐射、双侧皮质脊髓束、左侧顶叶及压部和左侧丘脑差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;左侧内囊后肢、胼胝体压部和左侧皮质脊髓束的FA值可作为脑白质损伤的独立预测因素,三者联合用于缺氧缺血性脑病患儿脑白质损伤的ROC AUC是0.887,特异性和敏感度分别是90.38% 和85.12%,准确度为0.761。结论  缺氧缺血性脑病会使其白质纤维束发生损伤,使其FA值降低,ADC值升高,DTI可明确反映出患儿神经纤维束发育和受损的程度,可作为缺氧缺血性脑病的诊断和预后依据。     

基于图谱的纤维束分析方法观察皮质脊髓束扩散特征对称性

目的 应用基于张量图谱的纤维束分析方法定量分析健康成年人双侧皮质脊髓束扩散特征的对称性。方法 对15名健康成年志愿者的原始DTI数据构建扩散权重图像模板,采用explore DTI软件追踪全脑纤维束,提取双侧皮质脊髓束并对其进行重新定位和配准,分别获得各向异性分数（FA）、平均扩散率（MD）、轴向扩散率（AD）和径向扩散率（RD）的特性曲线,并进行定量统计分析。结果 各参数曲线同一侧别不同格点的数值间比较差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;FA曲线的左右侧平均值比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）,而MD、AD及RD曲线左右两侧平均值的差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;各参数曲线左右两侧对称部位格点的数值比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.999）。结论 健康成年人双侧皮质脊髓束的扩散特征具有对称性,可为研究病理状态下纤维束扩散特征的改变提供理论依据和参考模板。     

弥散峰度成像评估阿尔茨海默病脑部白质纤维束损害

目的 探讨弥散峰度成像(DKI)对于阿尔茨海默病(AD)的诊断价值。方法 对19例AD患者(AD组)和17名健康体检者(对照组)行DKI扫描,测量并比较两组胼胝体膝部、胼胝体压部、双侧前扣带束、双侧后扣带束、双侧上纵束和双侧下枕额束的弥散张量成像(DTI)和DKI参数值,分析各参数与简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分的相关性。结果 AD组胼胝体膝部、压部,双侧前扣带束,双侧后扣带束的各向异性分数(FA)、平均扩散程度(MD)、径向扩散程度(RD)和平均弥散峰度(MK)、径向峰度(RK)、轴向峰度(AK),双侧上纵束和双侧下枕额束MK、RK、AK值与对照组的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);AD组同一患者右前扣带束的FA、MK、AK、RK值,右后扣带束FA值,左上纵束FA、RD、MK、RK值与右侧的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);DTI和DKI参数值与MMSE均具有相关性,胼胝体膝部MK值与MMSE的相关性最高(r=0.55,P<0.05)。结论 DKI可敏感、准确地评价认知障碍的严重程度。     

DTI观察乳腺癌化疗前后脑白质微结构与认知功能变化

目的 探讨化疗前后乳腺癌患者脑白质微结构和认知功能变化及其相关性。方法 收集经手术病理证实的21例早期乳腺癌患者,于化疗前和化疗结束后1个月进行神经心理认知测试和全脑DTI,比较化疗前后全脑整体及脑白质区域各向异性分数（FA）和平均弥散率（MD）的差异,并与神经心理认知测试结果进行相关性分析。结果 化疗前后乳腺癌患者Stroop字测试和干扰测试、数字广度倒背测试、数字符号测试、听觉词语学习延迟5 min测试差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。化疗前后乳腺癌患者全脑白质整体FA、MD值差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;化疗后右侧丘脑后辐射、右侧矢状层、右侧上纵束FA值较化疗前降低（P均<0.05）,右侧内囊豆状核后部、右侧丘脑后辐射、右侧矢状层、双侧扣带束、双侧下额枕束MD值较化疗前升高（P均<0.05）;左侧扣带束MD值与Stroop干扰测试结果呈正相关（r=0.457,P=0.037）。结论 乳腺癌患者化疗后局部白质完整性下降,可能是某一认知领域功能减退的神经解剖学基础。     

人脑皮质脊髓束三维概率图及其可重复性研究

目的 应用DTI成像及纤维概率追踪显示技术探索人脑皮质脊髓束的三维空间形态及个体变异,确定皮质脊髓束的空间位置,为皮质脊髓束功能解剖研究提供形态学依据.方法 选择15例健康自愿者进行3T MRI扫描,获取T1和DTI图像(12个方向, b=1000 s/mm2).应用FSL软件FDT工具包处理数据并完成全脑白质纤维概率追踪,在彩色FA图上根据不同纤维方向轮廓勾画出皮质脊髓束的轮廓(在大脑脚以及内囊后肢的蓝色区域),将其作为ROI进行纤维概率追踪得到皮质脊髓束概率图.将各受试者T1图像配准到ICBM152-T1模板,然后根据其配准参数文件将各个体皮质脊髓束转换到标准空间,定量分析皮质脊髓束的可重复性及个体变异 .结果 皮质脊髓束在MNI标准空间中的空间分布广,左侧皮质脊髓束X坐标为-58 到 1, Y坐标为 20 到 -56,Z坐标为 -20 到 80; 右侧皮质脊髓束X坐标为 2 到 54,Y坐标为12到-51, Z坐标为 -20 到 76.皮质脊髓束可重复性在内囊处最高,右侧皮质脊髓束可重复性高于左侧,但无显著性差异.左侧皮质脊髓束平均体积 (57 416.67±1944.56)mm3,右侧平均体积(54 421.58±1232.43)mm3.结论 应用 DTI成像及纤维概率追踪显示技术可以更准确地分析皮质脊髓束的三维形态及空间坐标,为相关神经系统疾病的研究和功能神经外科手术定位提供直观可信的形态学依据.     

皮层下缺血性脑血管病白质纤维束与认知功能的关系

目的 观察皮层下缺血性血管病(SIVD)白质纤维束与认知功能的关系。方法 纳入32例SIVD认知功能障碍者(SIVD-CI组)、35例SIVD认知功能正常者(SIVD-NC组)和36名非SIVD者(对照组),比较3组间整体及每2组间认知功能及纤维束弥散张量成像(DTI)各向异性分数(FA)的差异，观察纤维束FA与认知功能的关系。结果 3组神经心理学量表5个认知域评分差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。除双侧小脑下脚及左侧小脑上脚外，3组纤维束FA差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);除双侧扣带回外，SIVD-CI组与对照组纤维束FA差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);除右侧小脑上脚及左侧钩束外，SIVD-NC组与对照组纤维束FA差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。SIVD-CI组双侧内囊豆状核后部、左侧丘脑后辐射、右侧前辐射及双侧扣带回纤维束FA均低于SIVD-NC组(P均<0.05)。SIVD-CI组左侧丘脑后辐射纤维束FA与注意力(r=0.42,P=0.02)、记忆力(r=0.41,P=0.03)、执行力(r=0.39,P=0.04)及语言能力(...     

Longitudinal changes in grey and white matter during adolescence

Brain development continues actively during adolescence. Previous MRI studies have shown complex patterns of apparent loss of grey matter (GM) volume and increases in white matter (WM) volume and fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of WM microstructure. In this longitudinal study (mean follow-up = 2.5 ± 0.5 years) of 24 adolescents, we used a voxel-based morphometry (VBM)-style analysis with conventional T1-weighted images to test for age-related changes in GM and WM volumes. We also performed tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data to test for age-related WM changes across the whole brain. Probabilistic tractography was used to carry out quantitative comparisons across subjects in measures of WM microstructure in two fiber tracts important for supporting speech and motor functions (arcuate fasciculus [AF] and corticospinal tract [CST]). The whole-brain analyses identified age-related increases in WM volume and FA bilaterally in many fiber tracts, including AF and many parts of the CST. FA changes were mainly driven by increases in parallel diffusivity, probably reflecting increases in the diameter of the axons forming the fiber tracts. FA values of both left and right AF (but not of the CST) were significantly higher at the end of the follow-up than at baseline. Over the same period, widespread reductions in the cortical GM volume were found. These findings provide imaging-based anatomical data suggesting that brain maturation in adolescence is associated with structural changes enhancing long-distance connectivities in different WM tracts, specifically in the AF and CST, at the same time that cortical GM exhibits synaptic “pruning”.     

Altered Structural and Functional Connectivity of Salience Network in Patients with Classic Trigeminal Neuralgia

Classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) is a neuropathic pain disorder displaying spontaneously stabbing or electric shock-like paroxysms in the face. Previous research suggests structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions related to sensory and cognitive-affective dimensions of pain contribute to the pathophysiology of CTN. However, few studies to date have investigated how changes in whole-brain functional networks and white matter connectivity are related to CTN. We performed an independent component analysis to examine abnormalities in resting state functional connectivity of large-scale networks in 48 patients with CTN compared to 46 matched healthy participants. Then, diffusion tensor tractography was performed to test whether these alterations of functional connectivity in intrinsic networks were associated with impairment of the white matter tracts connecting them. Distinct patterns of functional connectivity were detected within default mode network, somatosensory network, and salience network (SN) in the CTN group when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, abnormality of SN was negatively correlated with pain severity. In support of aberrant functional connectivity within SN, structural disintegration was observed in the white matter tract from left anterior insula (aIns) to left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in CTN. These results suggest that altered structural and functional connectivity between aIns and ACC may underpin the aberrant SN in patients with CTN and provide an alternative target for clinical interventions.PerspectiveThis article presents distinctive abnormalities of functional and structural connectivity from aIns to ACC in the patients with CTN, which is associated with pain ratings. This measure could potentially provide an alternative target for clinicians to alleviate this type of intermittent and refractory pain.     

纤维束示踪成像评价复发缓解型多发性硬化患者边缘系统纤维通路损伤

目的 利用扩散张量纤维束示踪成像评估多发性硬化（MS）边缘系统纤维通路损害。方法 对20例复发缓解型MS患者（MS组）和20名健康志愿者（对照组）进行纤维束示踪成像。追踪扣带束、穹窿、钩束,获得相应纤维条数、FA值、MD值。并进行统计学分析。结果 与对照组比较,MS组扣带束、穹窿、钩束FA值均减低（P均<0.01）,MD值均升高（P均<0.05）。MS组穹窿纤维条数较对照组减少（P<0.001）。MS组中左侧与右侧钩束纤维条数、对照组中左侧与右侧钩束FA值、纤维条数差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。MS组扣带束、钩束FA值与EDSS评分呈负相关（r=-0.572、-0.665,P均<0.05）,MD值与EDSS评分呈正相关（r=0.627、0.603,P均<0.05）。结论 纤维束示踪成像对评估MS边缘系统纤维通路损害及监测临床进程有重要应用价值。     

Enhanced brain connectivity in long-term meditation practitioners

Very little is currently known about the cerebral characteristics that underlie the complex processes of meditation as only a limited number of studies have addressed this topic. Research exploring structural connectivity in meditation practitioners is particularly rare. We thus acquired diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data of high angular and spatial resolution and used atlas-based tract mapping methods to investigate white matter fiber characteristics in a well-matched sample of long-term meditators and controls (n=54). A broad field mapping approach estimated the fractional anisotropy (FA) for twenty different fiber tracts (i.e., nine tracts in each hemisphere and two inter-hemispheric tracts) that were subsequently used as dependent measures. Results showed pronounced structural connectivity in meditators compared to controls throughout the entire brain within major projection pathways, commissural pathways, and association pathways. The largest group differences were observed within the corticospinal tract, the temporal component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the uncinate fasciculus. While cross-sectional studies represent a good starting point for elucidating possible links between meditation and white matter fiber characteristics, longitudinal studies will be necessary to determine the relative contribution of nature and nurture to enhanced structural connectivity in long-term meditators.     

Brain regions associated with Brunnstrom and functional independence measure scores in patients after a stroke: a tract-based spatial statistics study

[Purpose] We aimed to assess diffusion tensor fractional anisotropy to outline the brain regions associated with the long-term motor and cognitive functional outcomes of patients with stroke. [Participants and Methods] Eighty patients from our previous study were enrolled. Fractional anisotropy maps were acquired on days 14–21 after stroke onset, and tract-based spatial statistics were applied. Outcomes were scored using the Brunnstrom recovery stage and Functional Independence Measure motor and cognition components. Fractional anisotropy images were assessed in relation to outcome scores using the general linear model. [Results] For both the right (n=37) and left (n=43) hemisphere lesion groups, the corticospinal tract and the anterior thalamic radiation were most strongly associated with the Brunnstrom recovery stage. In contrast, the cognition component involved large regions encompassing the anterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle, forceps major, and forceps minor. The results for the motor component were intermediate between those for the Brunnstrom recovery stage and those for the cognition component. [Conclusion] Motor-related outcomes were associated with fractional anisotropy decreases in the corticospinal tract, whereas cognitive outcomes were related to broad regions of association and commissural fibers. This knowledge will help scheduling appropriate rehabilitative treatments.     

扩散张量成像评价轻度阿尔茨海默病患者脑白质微观结构损害及内侧颞叶萎缩

目的 采用DTI和内侧颞叶萎缩(MTA)视觉评分评价轻度阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑白质微观结构改变及其MTA状况,并观察两者与认知功能的关系.方法 运用DTI技术ROI测量方法对轻度AD患者23例(AD组)及正常老年人21名(NC组)的16个ROI进行平均扩散率(MD值)及部分FA值测量,同时用MTA视觉评分方法对MTA状况进行评估,采用独立样本t检验及典型相关分析观察两者与认知功能的关系.结果 与NC组对比,AD组双侧海马旁回、双侧后扣带回、双侧下纵束及双侧下额枕束FA值明显减低,双侧海马旁回、双侧后扣带回、双侧下额枕束、左侧下纵束、左侧钩束MD值明显升高,MTA明显.脑白质部分区域DTI指数及双侧MTA评分与认知功能相关.结论 DTI能探测轻度AD患者脑白质微观结构异常;采用MTA评分方法可区分轻度AD与正常老年人;综合应用DTI技术及MTA评分方法可为诊断轻度AD提供更多辅助信息.     

老年人脑白质病变相关性跌倒患者的脑弥散张量成像研究

目的定量分析老年人脑白质病变(white matter lesions,WMLs)相关性跌倒患者的脑弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)及临床改变,初步探索老年人跌倒风险的影像学预测指标。材料与方法选择2015年6月至2016年1月期间首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院60岁以上的WMLs患者,根据Tinetti平衡和步态量表划分为跌倒风险组15人(Tinetti25分)及对照组29人(Tinetti≥25分)。运用基于纤维束追踪空间统计分析(tract based spatial statistics,TBSS)识别跌倒风险组患者异常的脑白质纤维束,并与简易精神状态检查量表(mini mental state exam,MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估(montreal cognitive assessment,Mo CA)量表、Tinetti平衡和步态量表(tinetti balance and gait analysis)、计时起立-步行测验(timed up and go test,TUGT)分别进行相关性分析。结果跌倒风险组的MMSE(t=2.806,P=0.008)及Mo CA(t=2.890,P=0.006)量表评分低于对照组。跌倒风险组的全脑平均各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)值低于对照组(t=2.862,P=0.007);跌倒风险组全脑平均FA值与MMSE(r=0.533,P=0.041)及Mo CA(r=0.642,P=0.010)量表呈正相关。跌倒风险组FA值减低的脑白质纤维束为右侧钩束、胼胝体膝部、体部及压部、双侧放射冠前部、右侧放射冠上部、右侧上纵束、左侧扣带回;其中跌倒风险组的胼胝体膝部、右侧放射冠前部、胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部、右侧上纵束、左侧扣带回的平均FA值均与Mo CA呈正相关(P值均0.05);右侧钩束的平均FA值(r=0.562,P=0.029)与Tinetti平衡量表呈正相关;右侧钩束(r=0.572,P=0.026)、胼胝体体部(r=0.538,P=0.038)、胼胝体压部(r=0.580,P=0.023)、左侧扣带回(r=0.520,P=0.047)的平均FA值与Tinetti步态量表呈正相关;胼胝体体部(r=-0.582,P=0.023)及左侧扣带回(r=-0.538,P=0.039)的平均FA值与TUGT呈负相关。结论跌倒风险组的全脑平均FA值及9条脑白质纤维束平均FA值低于对照组,并与认知、步态、平衡功能存在一定的相关性。DTI定量分析可用于识别老年人WMLs相关性跌倒患者的颅脑结构特点,为具有跌倒风险的WMLs患者的识别、判断病情及预后评价提供了重要的影像学依据。     

DTI and MTR abnormalities in schizophrenia: analysis of white matter integrity

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in schizophrenia demonstrate lower anisotropic diffusion within white matter due either to loss of coherence of white matter fiber tracts, to changes in the number and/or density of interconnecting fiber tracts, or to changes in myelination, although methodology as well as localization of such changes differ between studies. The aim of this study is to localize and to specify further DTI abnormalities in schizophrenia by combining DTI with magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), a technique sensitive to myelin and axonal alterations in order to increase specificity of DTI findings. 21 chronic schizophrenics and 26 controls were scanned using Line-Scan-Diffusion-Imaging and T1-weighted techniques with and without a saturation pulse (MT). Diffusion information was used to normalize co-registered maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) to a study-specific template, using the multi-channel daemon algorithm, designed specifically to deal with multidirectional tensor information. Diffusion anisotropy was decreased in schizophrenia in the following brain regions: the fornix, the corpus callosum, bilaterally in the cingulum bundle, bilaterally in the superior occipito-frontal fasciculus, bilaterally in the internal capsule, in the right inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus and the left arcuate fasciculus. MTR maps demonstrated changes in the corpus callosum, fornix, right internal capsule, and the superior occipito-frontal fasciculus bilaterally; however, no changes were noted in the anterior cingulum bundle, the left internal capsule, the arcuate fasciculus, or inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus. In addition, the right posterior cingulum bundle showed MTR but not FA changes in schizophrenia. These findings suggest that, while some of the diffusion abnormalities in schizophrenia are likely due to abnormal coherence, or organization of the fiber tracts, some of these abnormalities may, in fact, be attributed to or coincide with myelin/axonal disruption.     

DTI量化评估旋律语调疗法治疗Broca失语症后脑细微结构变化的研究

目的 通过扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)提供语言功能相关的纤维结构信息,探讨旋律语调疗法(melody intonation therapy,MIT)治疗Broca失语症脑纤维结构改变的特征.材料与方法 收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院2019年1月至2020年6月卒中后Broca...