肌皮瓣转移术治疗截瘫患者骶尾部压疮的围术期护理

目的探讨肌皮瓣转移术治疗截瘫患者骶尾部压疮的围术期护理方法及效果。方法回顾2009年1月~2011年8月采用肌皮瓣转移术治疗的9例截瘫患者骶尾部Ⅲ°压疮病例,均运用了规范化围术期护理,重点加强患者的心理护理、体位训练、皮瓣血运的观察及健康教育。结果随访3~12个月,本组9例患者通过肌皮瓣转移术治疗骶尾部压疮全部存活。结论围术期规范化护理为肌皮瓣转移术治疗截瘫患者骶尾部压疮提供了良好的疗效保障,可提高皮瓣存活率。     

皮瓣和肌皮瓣移植加创面灌洗修复截瘫后多发性压疮

背景：压疮是截瘫患者的常见并发症,严重的压疮通过保守治疗难以治愈。目的：观察皮瓣和肌皮瓣加创面灌洗治疗截瘫患者多发性压疮的修复效果。方法：纳入2007-01/2010-12在北京积水潭医院烧伤整形科治疗的16例多部位严重压疮的截瘫患者,均伴有不同程度的骨质破坏。手术中彻底扩创,去除死骨、瘢痕及感染肉芽组织,以皮瓣或肌皮瓣覆盖创面,术后灌洗治疗。结果与结论：纳入的16例患者创面全部Ⅰ期愈合,出院3个月后随访,修复部位压疮均未出现复发。说明皮瓣和肌皮瓣修复加创面灌洗治疗对截瘫患者压疮有良好的修复效果。     

皮瓣和肌皮瓣移植加创面灌洗修复截瘫后多发性压疮

背景:压疮是截瘫患者的常见并发症,严重的压疮通过保守治疗难以治愈。目的:观察皮瓣和肌皮瓣加创面灌洗治疗截瘫患者多发性压疮的修复效果。方法:纳入2007-01/2010-12在北京积水潭医院烧伤整形科治疗的16例多部位严重压疮的截瘫患者,均伴有不同程度的骨质破坏。手术中彻底扩创,去除死骨、瘢痕及感染肉芽组织,以皮瓣或肌皮瓣覆盖创面,术后灌洗治疗。结果与结论:纳入的16例患者创面全部Ⅰ期愈合,出院3个月后随访,修复部位压疮均未出现复发。说明皮瓣和肌皮瓣修复加创面灌洗治疗对截瘫患者压疮有良好的修复效果。     

三角形筋膜皮瓣转移修复术治疗骶尾部复杂藏毛窦的临床疗效

目的：探讨一套具有较高切口愈合率的治疗骶尾部复杂藏毛窦的技术体系。方法：术前通过查体、彩超、CT或MR等检查明确藏毛窦结节的范围。术中完全切除，并根据切口形状及周围皮肤的弹性、移动性、张力等设计并切取三角形筋膜皮瓣，外径要大于切口1.0 cm，皮瓣长与蒂宽之比控制在2：1~3：1，末端去除表皮与真皮，保留浅、深筋膜以填充切口下端缺损。术后采取以全臀弹性加压包扎联合持续负压引流为基础的综合措施，使皮瓣与受区基底及四周缘紧贴，从而预防切口愈合不佳。结果：2010年6月至2019年9月共有11例患者按上述技术体系治疗，有3例皮瓣末端出现较轻的血运障碍，经简单处理后恢复。所有切口均按期愈合，无切口裂开。随访6~36个月，中位随访时间为22个月，均无复发。结论：上述技术体系对骶尾部复杂藏毛窦具有良好及稳定的疗效，明显降低了切口愈合不佳的发生率，但确切疗效需要增加病例数进一步观察证实。     

Autologous scalp skin grafting to treat toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with a large skin injury: A case report

BACKGROUNDToxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is often associated with skin wounds affecting large areas. Healing of this type of wound is difficult because of pressure, infection and other factors. It can increase the length of hospital stay and result in wound sepsis and even death.CASE SUMMARYA 49-year-old woman developed a skin lesion covering 80% of the total body surface area after using a kind of Chinese medicinal ointment on a burn wound on her back; she developed life-threatening wound sepsis and septic shock. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria were cultured from wound tissue, deep venous catheter and blood samples. Imipenem cilastatin sodium, tigecycline and teicoplanin were used for anti-infection therapy. Finally, the patient was transferred to the burn department because of severe wound sepsis. In the burn intensive care unit, pain-free dressing changes and autologous scalp skin grafting were performed to heal the wound in addition to reasonable and effective antibacterial treatment according to microbial susceptibility test results. After three operations within 2 wk, the wound healed and sepsis resolved.CONCLUSIONTEN patients with large areas of skin injury may develop wound infection and life-threatening wound sepsis. Autologous scalp skin grafting may be beneficial for rapid wound healing and reducing the risk of sepsis in TEN patients, and it leaves no scar at the donor site.     

Free flap transplantation combined with Ilizarov bone transport for the treatment of severe composite tibial and soft tissue defects

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of free flap transplantation combined with Ilizarov bone transport in the treatment of severe composite tibial and soft tissue defects.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 40 patients with severe composite tibial and soft tissue defects who underwent free flap transplantation combined with Ilizarov bone transport. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the following criteria: success rate of wound repair by free flap transplantation, incidence or recurrence rate of deep infection, healing rate of bone defects and external fixation index, incidence of complications, and functional score of affected extremities.ResultsAll infections were generally well controlled by radical debridement and negative-pressure therapy, and all 40 patients’ wounds healed after repair and reconstruction of the tibia and soft tissues. Postoperative complications were alleviated by active treatment. The mean external fixation time was 12.83 ± 2.85 months, and the external fixation index was 1.55 m/cm. According to the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) score, an excellent or good functional outcome was attained in 85% of patients.ConclusionFree flap transplantation combined with Ilizarov bone transport is an effective treatment for severe composite tibial and soft tissue defects.     

改良腰动脉筋膜皮瓣修复腰骶尾部软组织深度缺损

目的探讨应用改良腰动脉筋膜皮瓣修复腰骶尾部软组织深度缺损的手术方法及临床效果。方法 2006年2月至2010年6月收治16例腰骶尾部软组织深度缺损患者,缺损范围8.0cm×7.0cm～21.0cm×19.0cm。经创面处理后,行全麻或硬膜外麻醉,根据缺损部位及大小,设计以改良的对侧腰动脉后穿支为血管蒂的轴型筋膜皮瓣进行转移修复手术。术后3～5d拔除负压引流,10d间断拆线,12d全部拆除缝线。结果 16例皮瓣全部成活,其中2例创缘延迟愈合。术后随访1～4年,局部外形和功能恢复满意。结论改良的腰动脉筋膜皮瓣切取面积大,血供可靠,手术操作简单,容易掌握,用于修复腰骶尾部软组织深度缺损是一种较好的方法。     

Therapeutic effect of autologous concentrated growth factor on lower-extremity chronic refractory wounds: A case report

BACKGROUNDManagement of chronic refractory wounds is one of the toughest clinical challenges for surgeons. Because of poor blood supply, less tissue coverage, and easy exposure, the lower leg is a common site for chronic refractory wounds. The current therapeutic regimens often lead to prolonged hospital stay and higher healthcare costs. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a novel blood extract that contains various growth factors, platelets, and fibrins to promote wound healing process. However, there has been little research reported on the treatment of lower extremity wounds with CGF.CASE SUMMARYA 37-year-old man, without any past medical history, presented an ulcerated chronic wound on his right lower leg. The skin defect exhibited clear boundaries, with a size of 2.0 cm × 3.5 cm. The depth of wound was up to the layer of deep fascia. Staphylococcus aureus was detected by bacterial culture. The final diagnosis was right lower extremity ulcers with infection. Cefathiamidine, silver sulfadiazine, and mupirocin cream were applied to control the infection. CGF gel was prepared from the patient’s blood sample, and was used to cover the wound after thorough debridement. The skin wound was successfully healed after three times of CGF treatment.CONCLUSIONCGF displays an excellent wound healing promoting effect in patients with lower-extremity chronic refractory wounds.     

成年人骶尾部肿瘤的诊断和治疗(附16例报告)

目的探讨骶尾部肿瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法经手术及病理证实的16例骶尾部肿瘤患者均经骶尾部入路手术切除，其中2例经腹部联合入路切除。肿瘤包括上皮样囊肿6例，畸胎瘤4例，脂肪瘤2例．脂肪肉瘤1例，神经纤维瘤1例，脊索瘤1例，腺瘤癌变1例。结果全部病例切口无感染，伤口Ⅰ期愈合。术后3～8d出院。结论骶尾部肿瘤缺乏特异性的临床表现易误诊，影像学检查可提高诊断率，彻底清除肿瘤及其囊壁是手术成功的关键，经骶尾部手术治疗成功率高，恢复快。     

负压封闭引流及皮片移植修复胫腓骨骨折的皮肤软组织缺损

背景：传统的治疗胫腓骨骨折合并皮肤软组织缺损的方法是行简单外固定,创面清创换药待感染控制、肉芽生长旺盛后植皮或皮瓣转移,这种方法不仅费用高、痛苦大、住院时间长,而且有感染扩散、周围组织进一步坏死,最后不得不截肢的可能。目的：探讨封闭负压引流加外固定架修复胫腓骨骨折并皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法：选择本溪市中心医院2009年1月至2013年9月收治胫腓骨骨折皮肤软组织缺损患者38例,皮肤缺损面积〉5 cm2,在骨折外固定后给予彻底清创,再行封闭负压引流技术治疗5-7 d,待肉芽组织生长、创面新鲜后行中厚皮片植皮治疗。并回顾性选择15例未采用封闭负压引流治疗的类似病例作为对照组,对其感染控制率及伤口愈合时间等进行比较。结果与结论：引流5-7d后去除封闭负压引流敷料,伤口感染得到控制,局部创面肉芽组织生长良好,创面及骨折均如期愈合,无骨髓炎及截肢的发生。38例患者治愈23例,显效12例,无效3例,总有效率为92%,与对照组53%的总有效率相比差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。证实封闭负压引流可以彻底清除创面的分泌物和坏死组织,改善局部微循环和消除感染,联合外固定支架和植皮是治疗胫腓骨骨折并软组织缺损的一种简便有效方法。     

Clostridium ramosum bacteremia: A case series at a general acute care hospital

Clostridium ramosum infections have been rarely reported, probably due to underestimating in clinical practice. Seven patients with bacteremia from gastrointestinal sources and skin and soft tissue were recognized between 2009 and 2020. Most of them were older and in compromised status, and they had risk factors including cancer, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, gangrene, and pressure ulcers. The source of infections was considered bacterial translocation from the gastrointestine and the skin and soft tissue infections. All patients were treated with antimicrobials, and two received surgical interventions. Four patients died secondary to sepsis due to C. ramosum. The bacteremia of C. ramosum should be appropriately evaluated and treated, especially in compromised hosts.     

腰骶筋膜皮瓣治疗骶部压疮

目的分析研究腰骶筋膜皮瓣治疗骶部压疮的临床效果。方法根据骶部压疮形状,分别应用横形和菱形腰骶筋膜皮瓣转移治疗骶部压疮18例。结果本组18例术后皮瓣全部成活,其中创面一期愈合16例,伤口部分裂开2例,总愈合率达88.9%。16例获随访,14例皮瓣良好,2例复发,经肌皮瓣转移好转,复发率为12.5%。结论腰骶筋膜皮瓣治疗骶部压疮具有操作简单,安全、可靠的优点,可作为临床治疗骶部压疮的首选。     

Successful management of rhabdomyolysis with acute infection resulting from chronic sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers in a paraplegic patient: a case report

Rhabdomyolysis, a potentially life-threatening syndrome, is caused by the breakdown of skeletal muscle cells and leakage of intramyocellular contents into the bloodstream. The treatment of rhabdomyolysis resulting from chronic sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers has been rarely reported. A 62-year-old man developed a high fever and dark-colored urine. For the past 30 years, he had lived with paraplegia, which led to his immobility. Physical examination showed evidence of repeated dehiscence and exudation of the wound on his sacrococcygeal region with loss of skin sensation. Upon corroboration of the physical examination findings and laboratory test results, the patient was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis with an acute infection resulting from sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers. We first debrided the necrotic tissue and then repaired the chronic ulcer. The wound dressing was changed frequently, and antimicrobial therapy and nutritional support were included in the treatment. The fever and dark-colored urine gradually resolved postoperatively. The patient’s renal function also improved according to the typical laboratory indicators, and the size of the pressure ulcers decreased to some extent. The patient was discharged after 1 month of hospitalization. This case highlights that accurate diagnosis is critical for administration of precise treatment to paraplegic patients with progressive rhabdomyolysis.     

Factors influencing the development of decubitus ulcers in critically ill surgical patients

INTRODUCTION: Decubitus ulcers confer significant morbidity to critically ill patients. We sought to determine which patient factors contributed to the formation of decubitus ulcers in our critically ill patients, and hypothesized that these ulcers occurred most often in elderly patients with lengths of stay >7 days and high severity of illness. METHODS: This study was conducted prospectively in two phases. Phase I provided an initial analysis of patients who developed decubitus ulcers in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of New York Weill Cornell Center from January 1, 1993, to June 1, 1997. In phase II of the study, a comparison study was made for patients with ICU length of stay (ULOS) >7 days admitted to the same ICU from January 1, 1998, to August 31, 1998. Age, APACHE III score, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS score), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score, admission status, days without nutrition, ULOS, mortality, days to formation of decubitus ulcers, Cornell ulcer risk score, and other demographic features were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were performed to analyze independent risk factors for development of decubitus ulcers; p <.05. RESULTS: In phase I, 2,615 patients were admitted to surgical ICU over the study period. One hundred and one decubitus ulcers occurred (incidence 3.8%) during phase I, but the incidence of decubitus ulcers increased significantly over time to 9% (p <.01). Thirty-three decubitus ulcers occurred among the 412 patients (incidence 8.0%) during phase II. Multivariate analysis revealed that emergent admission (odds ratio [OR] 36.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] CI 0.2290-0.7694), age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.0026-0.0131), days in bed (OR 1.05, 95% CI -0.0013-0.0156, and days without nutrition (OR 0.51, 95% CI -0.1095--0.0334) were independent predictors of a decubitus ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of decubitus ulcers is increasing in critically ill patients. Emergency ICU admission and ULOS >7 days in elderly patients confer significant risk for the formation of decubitus ulcers. Specific interventions targeting this high-risk population that may be instituted to decrease the incidence of decubitus ulcers include early nutrition, early mobilization, and possibly less noxious bedding surfaces.     

Skin ulcers as a complication of short-term use of phenazopyridine in an old man: A case report

IntroductionPhenazopyridine is an azo dye, which exerts local anesthetic or analgesic action on urinary tract mucosa through an unknown mechanism. Besides its common complications including orange discoloration of the urine and gastrointestinal problems, it may have rare side effects like hemolytic anaemia, methemoglobinemia, renal failure, and skin changes. We reported a paraplegic man with skin ulcers on scretom and right foot after about 3 days of phenazopyridine useCase reportA 62-year-old man presented with flesh shaped deep ulcers in lower parts of the body. He declared that at first a bluish discoloration was developed in the lower extremities and scrotum skin after use of eight phenazopyridine tablets (200 mg) and then these lesions turned to blisters and ulcers and they were prurient. The patient underwent sonography and CT-angiography; however, no pathologic findings were found. He just received losartan for many years as past drug history. According to the history, a delayed drug hypersensitivity reaction was suspected and the patient wounds healed after using special type of dressings and antibiotic therapy regarding positive wound cultures.ConclusionPhenazopyridine severe skin changes are hardly reported. We described a case who experienced severe skin reactions and ulcers following phenazopyridine use not related to other complications including renal dysfunction, methemoglobinemia, and hemolytic anemia.     

Risk factors for necrosis of skin flap-like wounds after ED debridement and suture

Background

Skin flap-like wounds are common. These wound flaps are prone to avascular necrosis with simple debrided and sutured, and postoperative hyperplastic scarring and contracture of wound surfaces can adversely affect the patient's appearance. Here, we evaluate the data of cases with flap-like wounds to identify the causes of flap necrosis.

全膝人工关节置换伤口并发症53例分析

回顾性分析1998-01/2006-12上海长征医院骨科关节外科部收治的53例(69膝)发生全膝置换后伤口并发症患者的临床资料.伤口皮肤问题包括皮肤红肿、切口裂开、局部血肿、皮肤坏死和深部感染,分别采取相应的处理措施.其中58膝进行局部皮肤护理;6膝进行清创和二期闭合;皮肤软组织缺损的基本处置中3膝行局部肌瓣移植,1膝行筋膜皮瓣移植,1膝行筋膜皮瓣和皮肤游离移植.平均随访1.9年,所有伤口均愈合良好.提示治疗全膝置换后伤口愈合并发症,应该根据病情采取相应的处置方法.     

The Effectiveness and Safety of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Chronic Wounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and adverse events of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in individuals with lower-extremity diabetic ulcers, lower-extremity venous ulcers, and pressure ulcers.Patients and MethodsWe searched multiple databases from database inception to June 11, 2020, for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that compared PRP to any other wound care without PRP in adults with lower-extremity diabetic ulcers, lower-extremity venous ulcers, and pressure ulcers.ResultsWe included 20 randomized controlled trials and five observational studies. Compared with management without PRP, PRP therapy significantly increased complete wound closure in lower-extremity diabetic ulcers (relative risk, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.32, moderate strength of evidence [SOE]), shortened time to complete wound closure, and reduced wound area and depth (low SOE). No significant changes were found in terms of wound infection, amputation, wound recurrence, or hospitalization. In patients with lower-extremity venous ulcers or pressure ulcers, the SOE was insufficient to estimate an effect on critical outcomes, such as complete wound closure or time to complete wound closure. There was no statistically significant difference in adverse events.ConclusionAutologous PRP may increase complete wound closure, shorten healing time, and reduce wound size in individuals with lower-extremity diabetic ulcers. The evidence is insufficient to estimate an effect on wound healing in individuals with lower-extremity venous ulcers or pressure ulcers.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020172817     

Pneumatic compression in the treatment of chronic ulcers

Abstract

Objective: To review existing literature that examines physiological mechanisms and clinical effects of different types of pneumatic compression (PC) therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched using intermittent, sequential, cardiosynchronous, pneumatic, compression, ulcer, wound, healing, and treatment as key words. All clinical studies were included provided the study subjects had chronic wounds, the treatment included PC, and wound healing was a measured outcome. Original clinical reports investigating the physiological effects of PC were also retrieved and reviewed.

Results: There is a strong physiological basis behind the use of PC for improving venous and arterial circulation. Six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the effect of PC to compression therapy or standard wound care on the healing of venous ulcers. However, these RCTs have produced conflicting results. One recent controlled clinical trial reported significantly improved healing and reduced amputation rate of people with chronic arterial ulcers. A well designed RCT also demonstrated greater oedema reduction and faster healing of diabetic foot ulcers compared to sham controls. Research is emerging to delineate optimal treatment protocols.

Conclusion: PC may be a valuable adjunct to aid in the treatment of individuals with venous, arterial, and diabetic ulcers. It should be considered for those people who are not compliant with compression bandaging or those at risk of limb amputation.     

Is Lateral Decubitus or Upright Positioning Optimal for Lumbar Puncture Success in a Teaching Hospital?

BackgroundLumbar puncture is a common procedure performed by emergency physicians and trainees. The optimal patient positioning for lumbar puncture procedures has not been studied adequately.ObjectivesWe performed a prospective randomized study in an urban, level I academic trauma center. Patients of all ages were included. Patients were randomized to either lateral decubitus or upright positioning. Patient demographic characteristics, level of physician training and experience, number of needle insertions and redirections, need for repositioning, alternative operator use, and laboratory results of the cerebrospinal fluid were recorded. We compared the success rate of each position as our primary outcome measure. We also evaluated number of needle insertions and re-directions and success rates based on experience and patient age.ResultsA total of 116 patients were enrolled, with 55 patients assigned to lateral decubitus and 61 to upright position for initial lumbar puncture attempt. Spinal fluid was obtained successfully in 47 of the lateral decubitus group (85.5%; 95% CI 73.8–92.4%) vs. 49 (80.3%; 95% CI 68.7–88.4%) in the upright assignment group. Comparable results were also obtained for first-pass success, number of failures, and number of bloody taps. Postgraduate year 2 residents or those with 31–50 previous lumbar punctures had the highest success rates at 94.3% (95% CI 81.2–98.4%) and 90.3% (95% CI 75.1–96.7%), respectively.ConclusionsLateral decubitus and upright positioning for emergency lumbar puncture yielded equal success rates in emergency physicians and trainees.