Synchronous tumours of the unilateral parotid gland: rare or undetected?

INTRODUCTION: Multiple tumours of the parotid gland with the same histological appearance may occur as synchronous unilateral tumours, but bilaterality has also been reported. Synchronous multiple unilateral parotid tumours with different histology remain rare. METHODS: Between January 1988 and May 2002, a total of 341 patients underwent parotidectomy in our department. Medical charts were reviewed retrospectively for synchronous multiple unilateral tumours. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had two or more tumours within the same specimen. The combinations encountered were two to four adenolymphomas (n=9), adenolymphoma plus pleomorphic adenoma (n=3), adenolymphoma plus MALT lymphoma (n=1), and pleomorphic adenoma plus acinic cell carcinoma (n=1). The outcome was clinical freedom from signs of tumour recurrence in any patient (mean follow-up = 51 months). CONCLUSION: Synchronous multiple unilateral parotid tumours usually include two or more adenolymphomas and might occur more often than previously realized. The possibility of a concomitant carcinoma, and the prevention of recurrent tumours, may warrant a more radical surgical excision of the parotid gland, accurate intraoperative examination of the resected specimen, and routine histological evaluation of the entire specimen. Preoperative radiological investigation may further increase the chances of finding multiple parotid tumours.     

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??Objective    To evaluate clinical characteristics??pathology and imaging manifestation of multiple primary tumors ??MPT?? in parotid gland??and to analyze the value of enhanced CT in the deagnosis of parotid MPT. Methods            Retrospectively analyze the medical histories of 22 patients with MPT among 285 patients with parotid gland tumors from 2013 to 2016. Results    Seventeen cases were Warthin′s tumor??accounting for 77.3% of MPT in parotid gland. The detection rate of CT was 83.3%??higher than B-ultrasonography. For unilateral MPT in parotid gland??the detection rate of CT was 2 times of B-ultrasonography. Conclusion    Warthin′s tumor is the most common type of MPT in parotid gland. Enhanced CT examination may help find MPT in parotid gland before the surgery??which helps to make surgery plan.     

Salivary gland tumours treated in the stomatological clinics in Bratislava.

During the period of 1951-1996 a group of 1021 patients (484 men and 537 women, mean age 53 years, range 2-87 years) with salivary gland tumours were analysed retrospectively. The mean follow-up period was 8 years (range 10 months-25 years). The frequency of benign tumours was 74% (n = 755) and malignant tumours 26% (n = 266). Lesions were sited in the parotid gland 83% (n = 847), in the submandibular gland 10.8% (n = 110), in the sublingual gland 3.2% (n = 33) and in the minor salivary glands 3% (n = 31). The most common benign tumours were pleomorphic adenoma in 53.9% (n = 550) and Warthin's tumour 9.7% (n = 99). Of the malignancies, the adenoid cystic carcinoma was most common (6.4% of cases, n = 65) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma occurred in 5.2% (n = 53). The predominant therapy was surgery alone or in combination with postoperative radiotherapy in 93.7% (957 cases), radiotherapy alone after fine needle aspiration biopsy for 4.7%, and 19 patients remained untreated.     

Accessory parotid gland tumours: 24 years of clinical experience

The accessory parotid gland (APG) is salivary tissue anterior to and anatomically separate from the parotid gland. APG is a common anatomical variation, but APG tumours are extremely rare. The authors report 6 patients with APG tumours emphasizing the diagnosis, clinical features, indications and rationales for different treatment approaches. Patients with primary tumours of the parotid gland or APG tumours who underwent surgical treatment were included. APG tumours comprised 1.23% of overall parotid tumours (6/488) and had a malignancy rate of 33.3% (2/6). There were three male and three female patients with a mean age of 39 years (range 14–70 years). 5 of 6 parotidectomies entailed superficial lobectomy, while one was a total parotidectomy with composite resection of masseter muscle. Concomitant selective lymphadenectomy was carried out in 3 of 6 patients. At 5 years disease-free survival was 83.3%. Mean follow-up was 161 months (range 14–253 months). Although nonsalivary diagnoses frequently occur in the buccal area, APG tumours should be considered in every differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a mid-cheek mass. From oncosurgical, cosmetic and functional standpoints, treatment by facelift parotidectomy or ‘S-incision’ with concomitant superficial lobectomy is the recommended surgical approach; high-grade malignancies require total parotidectomy with regional lymphadenectomy.     

Is ultrasound alone sufficient for imaging superficial lobe benign parotid tumours before surgery?

Ultrasound (US) is a valuable technique for the assessment of salivary gland disease and regional nodes. When used in combination with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or core biopsy it has a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of tumours. The role of additional cross-sectional imaging (computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR)) to help with the diagnosis of benign parotid tumours is questionable except when there is deep lobe extension or the suggestion of malignancy. We investigated 37 FNAC-confirmed benign parotid tumours in patients who had undergone both US and CT or MRI investigations, to find out whether cross-sectional imaging had provided any further useful diagnostic information before operation. Three patients had bilateral Warthin tumours. Tumours ranged in size from 11 to 45 mm (mean 22). Of the 37 patients 35 (95%) had a clearly delineated mass in the superficial lobe of the parotid on US and no further information was gained from additional CT or MRI. On US 34 patients (92%) had features suggestive of a benign tumour, and three had features suggestive of malignancy but these were found to be benign on FNAC and after operation. CT or MRI confirmed these suspicious findings. In two different patients the deep margin was not visible on US (suggestive of deep lobe extension) and this was confirmed on MRI. The mean time delay between US and CT or MRI was four weeks (range 1-44). These results suggest that additional imaging is not required in most patients with a sonographically and FNAC confirmed benign lesion confined to the superficial lobe of the parotid and confirmed by FNAC or biopsy examination.     

双侧腮腺不同肿物1例

临床腮腺肿物通常仅为一侧,双侧肿物发病率低,双侧腮腺不同肿物发生率则极低。本文报道了1例双侧腮腺肿物不同病理类型的病例,一侧为腺样囊性癌,另一侧为腮腺囊肿,并结合文献进行回顾性研究。从双侧腮腺不同肿物的临床病例分析、病因探讨、诊断及治疗多方面进行讨论,对于双侧腮腺肿物患者,术前应作详细检查以便于治疗方案的选择。     

Salivary duct carcinoma: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical studies

Nine cases of salivary duct carcinoma were reviewed clinically, histologically and immunohistochemically, with special evaluation of biomarkers with prognostic significance (p53, Ki67, c-erbB-2 and DNA content). Eight tumours occurred in the parotid gland and one in the submandibular gland. The average age of the patients (8 males and 1 female) was 62.8 years (range = 47 − 74 years). Tumour size ranged from 1 to 6 cm (mean = 3.46 cm). Recurrences were found in 33.3% (3 patients), regional metastases in 44.4% (4 patients) and systemic metastases in 33.3% (3 patients). Three patients died of their disease (median survival = 12.3 months), one is alive with the disease (follow-up of 222 months) and 5 are alive without evidence of disease (mean follow-up of 75 months). p53 protein nuclear immunostaining was positive in 66.6% and c-erbB-2 overexpression was observed in 100% of the tumours. Ki 67 positivity ranged from 6.75% to 47.5% of tumour cells (mean = 21.3%). DNA aneuploidy was found in 4 tumours (44.4%) and DNA diploidy in 5 (55.5%). Our results seem to indicate that Ki67 immunostaining can be useful in the evaluation of the biological behaviour of these tumours, as well as the presence of a high proliferative index of aneuploid cells and the presence of distant metastases.     

Simultaneous occurrence of benign and malignant tumours in the ipsilateral parotid gland—retrospective study

The simultaneous occurrence of benign and malignant tumours in the ipsilateral parotid gland is extremely rare. The cases of five patients with synchronous multiple parotid gland tumours consisting of diverse combinations of benign and malignant histological types are presented here. In addition, all published cases of this entity identified in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to January 2018 were reviewed. It is concluded that clinical vigilance should be raised when multifocal tumours are indicated by imaging examinations, in the presence of unmovable, painful, and rapid growth or symptoms of facial nerve palsy. In such cases, resected specimens should be sectioned meticulously, especially for tiny lesions, during histopathological sampling. Based on the possibility of the co-existence of benign and malignant neoplasms, it is necessary for clinicians to pay attention to this entity in order to have a favourable outcome.     

腮腺淋巴上皮癌22例临床分析

目的探讨腮腺淋巴上皮癌的诊断方法、治疗方式及预后情况,为临床提供参考。方法 2012年至2019年期间收治的腮腺淋巴上皮癌病例22例,对患者的临床表现、影像学检查、治疗方式及随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果 22例患者中,男性8例,女性14例;年龄26~61岁,主诉病程3天~18年,单侧腮腺区多发肿块1例,其余21例均为腮腺区单侧单发肿块。所有患者均行术前螺旋CT检查,CT所示腮腺组织内软组织肿块影,其内密度影欠均匀,CT值26~81 HU,15例表现为类圆形,界限尚清晰;7例表现为结节状,界限稍不清晰或部分不清晰。所有病例诊断最终依据病理学检查,HE染色图像可见肿瘤细胞边界清楚,上皮细胞生长活跃伴有异型性,可见核分裂像,肿瘤间质可见丰富的淋巴细胞浸润。22例患者均接受手术治疗,其中9例患者未行颈淋巴清扫。20例患者术后接受辅助放疗,其中10例同时行辅助化疗;1例患者术后仅行化疗,1例患者术后未行其他任何辅助治疗。所有病例均得到回访,21例无瘤生存13个月~8年,1例患者术后16个月因肝转移死亡。结论腮腺淋巴上皮癌是临床上较为罕见的恶性肿瘤,病理仍是诊断腮腺淋巴上皮癌的金标准。根治性手术切除肿瘤是首选治疗方法,根据临床检查及影像学检查及颈部情况进行选择性颈淋巴清扫,术后辅助放化疗可获得较好的治疗效果。     

Primary malignant neoplasms of orofacial origin: a retrospective review of 256 cases in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

A retrospective review of cases histologically diagnosed as malignant lesions of the orofacial region in 1992-2003 from the records of the Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria was carried out. All cases were subjected to analysis of age, gender, site distribution and histologic types. Malignant tumours constituted 18% of all the biopsies of orofacial lesions seen within the period. The mean age of patients was 42.2+/-21.5 years (range: 2.5-85). There were 177 (69%) epithelial tumours of which squamous cell carcinoma was predominant, 47 (18%) sarcomas and 32 (13%) lymphomas. Squamous cell carcinoma (44%) was the most common malignant orofacial tumour. Osteosarcoma (32%) and Burkitt's lymphoma (56%) was the predominant sarcoma and lymphoma, respectively. Patients with a histologic diagnosis of carcinoma were older than those with sarcomas and lymphomas (P<0.01), and those with a histologic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma were significantly younger than those with sarcomas (P<0.01). Almost 25% of patients with carcinomas were below the age of 40 years. Malignant orofacial tumours are not uncommon in the studied environment, with a sizable proportion of carcinomas occurring before the age of 40 years.     

超声检查在IgG4相关唾液腺病变诊断中的应用

目的： 探讨IgG4相关唾液腺病变的超声声像图表现,以提高超声科医师对本病的认识。方法：经临床血清学检验及组织病理确诊（手术10例,超声引导下穿刺活检15例）,对25例IgG4相关唾液腺病变的超声声像图进行回顾性分析,包括病变腺体的形态、边界,内部回声,血流分布,腺管有无扩张,腺管内有无结石,邻近有无淋巴结肿大。对比分析14例甾体类药物治疗3个月后的超声声像图改变。结果：25例IgG4相关唾液腺病变患者平均年龄64.5岁,男女比例4∶1。病变位于下颌下腺（20例）、腮腺（5例）。超声表现：① 弥漫性改变10例（9例双侧,1例单侧）,形态饱满,腺体回声偏低,呈网格状改变,3例腺管扩张,2例伴腺管内结石,彩色多普勒显示唾液腺腺体内血管增多,血流丰富;② 局灶性改变15例（14例单侧,1例双侧）,呈不均质偏低回声“肿块”,“肿块”内血流呈放射状分布。③下颌下淋巴结病变8例,4例经穿刺确诊,4例疑似。④ 甾体类药物治疗后,肿大的唾液腺逐渐恢复,局灶性病灶逐渐变小,病变内血流分布减少。结论：认识IgG4相关唾液腺病变的超声图像表现,可以有效辅助临床诊断与治疗后随访,避免不必要的手术风险。     

Warthin’s tumour in oral and maxillofacial regions: an 18-year retrospective study of 1084 cases in an eastern-Chinese population

There is little information in the English-language literature regarding Warthin’s tumour (WT) in the eastern-Chinese population. A large retrospective study (1084 primary tumours over a period of 18 years) was carried out to investigate the clinicopathological features (patients’ gender, age and tumour location) of these tumours in this population. A total of 994 (91.7%) patients were male and 90 (8.3%) were female, with a male/female ratio of 11:1. The mean age was 56.48 years (range 20–89 years), with a peak incidence in the fifth to seventh decade (82.1%). The favorite primary site of the tumour was the parotid gland (n = 1055), followed by intra-/peri-parotid lymph nodes (n = 13), upper neck (n = 10), submandibular gland (n = 4) and upper lip (n = 1). Multifocal WTs arose in 9.5% (103 patients) of cases whereas bilateral multifocal WTs were found in 0.65% (seven patients). In 24 (2.2%) patients, WT were found to coexist with other different types of neoplasm synchronously. The most common subtype of metaplasia was the squamous metaplasia (166/250, 66.4%). The usual treatment measure is (bilateral) superficial parotidectomy and the patients should be followed long term, in view of possible metachronous WT, even after prolonged time intervals.     

Outcomes of treatment of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of the parotid gland

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the salivary gland is a newly-described, rare, malignant tumour. Few patients present with MASC of the parotid gland, so the exact characteristics, outcomes of treatment, and prognosis are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical features and outcomes of treatment of MASC of the parotid gland in patients being treated at a single hospital. Five patients with histopathologically-confirmed MASC of the parotid gland between January 2015 and August 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. In all cases preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology had failed to provide an accurate diagnosis. All patients underwent a macroscopically complete oncological resection. Two patients had postoperative radiotherapy (RT). On immunohistochemical examination all tumours stained for S-100 and mammaglobin but not for DOG1. There were no regional recurrences or distant metastases in any of the patients at their last follow-up. We obtained good results for patients with MASC of the parotid gland with surgical treatment and postoperative RT.     

The treatment of sublingual gland tumours

This study assessed the clinical and histological features and therapeutic efficacy of 25 cases of sublingual gland tumours from 1998 to 2008. There were 17 female patients and 8 male, the ratio of females to males was 2.1:1. The mean age was 48.6 years. 4 cases were benign tumours (16%). 21 cases were malignant sublingual gland tumours (84%) and of these, 18 were adenoid cystic carcinoma (86%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma was mainly of the histological type, and the other histological classifications included mucoepidermoid carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, myoepithelioma, oncocytoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma. Sublingual gland tumours are rare and most are malignant. For malignant sublingual gland tumours, early diagnosis and aggressive surgical treatment, especially for tumours with nerve involvement, is the key to improving prognosis. Free radial forearm flap or pectoralis major myocutaneous flap are appropriate methods for mouth floor reconstruction. For benign sublingual gland tumours, the resection of tumour and sublingual gland is the preferred treatment.     

Papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the salivary glands: clinicopathologic analysis of 22 cases

A clinicopathologic observation of 22 cases of papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the salivary glands was made. Of these, 17 cases were males and 5 females. The average age of the patients was 37.1 years, with a range of 17 to 61 years. The mean duration of the disease was about four years. The majority of the carcinoma were located in parotid (72.7%). Histopathologically, they were classified by the authors into two types, that is, well-differentiated type and poorly-differentiated type. The results showed that recurrence and metastasis of lymph nodes of the tumour were closely related to the degree of their differentiation.     

吸烟与双侧和多灶性腮腺沃辛瘤相关性研究

目的 探讨吸烟与双侧及多灶性腮腺沃辛瘤发生的相关性.方法 收集2004年至2014年11年间收治腮腺沃辛瘤患者,调查患者吸烟史及沃辛瘤的大小、侧别及多灶性等资料,随访至2016年12月31日.使用SPSS 17.0对临床资料进行Logistic回归分析.结果 共计329名沃辛瘤患者纳入研究,其中249位吸烟者,298位男性患者.双侧发生沃辛瘤39例,多灶性沃辛瘤78侧.吸烟史长度中位数为30年,吸烟强度中位数为30包-年.吸烟史长度与腮腺沃辛瘤的多灶性发生有显著相关(P=0.009),风险比为2.054(95％ CI:1.196-3.529).吸烟史的长度(P=0.013)和强度(P=0.015) 均与双侧发生沃辛瘤密切相关,风险比分别为2.594(95％ CI:1.223-5.502)和2.303(95％ CI:1.172-4.523).结论 腮腺沃辛瘤手术方案应考虑患者吸烟史,长期吸烟患者应采用更彻底的手术方案.     

Parotid neoplasms in children: experience of diagnosis and management in a district general hospital

Parotid neoplasms are uncommon in children and the available literature is predominantly from specialized centres. This paper highlights our experience at a district general hospital, in the diagnosis and management of parotid neoplasms in children. The case records of all parotidectomies performed in a 26-year period between 1974-1999 were scrutinized and patients aged 18 years and below identified. The demographic data, histology, presentation, investigations, treatment, outcomes and complications were analysed. 545 parotidectomies were performed in 536 patients, in whom 569 neoplasms were diagnosed. Only 12 patients aged 18 and under were identified (2.2%). The relative frequency of individual tumours differed markedly from that in adults. 75% of the tumours were benign. Pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were the most common tumours. A painless mass was the most frequent clinical presentation and CT sialogram was the most common investigation. Parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve was performed in all cases, and adjuvant radiotherapy employed in the case of malignant tumours. All patients were alive and well at the time of last follow up. Transient facial nerve palsy and hypertrophic scars were the most common complications.     

同侧腮腺多形性腺瘤合并淋巴上皮癌1例报告及文献复习

同侧腮腺良、恶性多原发肿瘤极为罕见。本文报告同侧腮腺同时性多形性腺瘤和淋巴上皮癌1例,结合文献回顾,分析腮腺多原发肿瘤临床诊治过程中应注意的问题,并提出病理诊断的必要指征。     

Management of accessory parotid gland tumours: 32-year experience from a single institution and review of the literature

Accessory parotid gland tumours (APGTs) are very rare. Regarding their anatomical location, an adequate surgical approach is necessary to provide safe resection and satisfactory postoperative results. The aims of this study were to present our tertiary centre experience in surgical treatment and management of APGTs and to review the literature regarding their treatment, particularly in terms of surgical modalities. Data of 13 patients with primarily surgically treated APGTs have been collected and analysed. Well-documented English-literature articles of surgically treated APGTs have been extracted from the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases ending in May 2018, and analysed. Mean age at diagnosis was 41.1 years. The most common benign histological subtype was pleomorphic adenoma (53.8%), while mucoepidermoid carcinoma (23.1%) was most common in malignant counterparts. The malignancy rate was 38.5%. Postoperative results were satisfactory, and the follow-up period was uneventful in all patients except one who died of locoregional recurrence. A total of 57 papers with reported series in APGTs have been identified with a total of 306 APGT cases. From oncological, functional and aesthetic standpoints, approaches through a standard parotidectomy provide satisfactory results.     

Salivary gland tumours: 25 years of experience from a single institution in Croatia

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the types, frequency, distribution, and demographic characteristics of salivary gland tumours in a large representative sample.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analysed the medical records of 779 patients with tumours of the salivary glands surgically treated from 1985 to 2009 at a single institution.ResultsThere were 500 benign and 279 malignant tumours. The average age of patients with benign tumours was 50 years and of malignant salivary gland tumours 56 years. No differences in age and incidence of tumours existed between males and females. The majority of the tumours occurred in the parotid gland (509), followed by the minor salivary glands (212), the submandibular gland (51) and lastly, the sublingual gland (7). Minor salivary gland tumours occurred most frequently on the palate, the pleomorphic adenoma being the most frequent benign tumour type and the adenoid cystic carcinoma being the commonest malignant tumour. Tumours of the sublingual gland were rare, but all were malignant. Malignant tumours were more common in the minor salivary glands and the submandibular gland.ConclusionThis large study of salivary gland tumours in Croatia could improve our understanding of the significant differences in the global distribution of salivary gland tumours which have been reported.