泪道浚通联合硅胶管植入治疗泪道阻塞性疾病临床观察

目的评价高频泪道浚通术联合硅胶管植入治疗阻塞性泪道疾病的临床疗效和安全性。方法对32例(40只眼)不同部位阻塞的泪道疾病行高频泪道电灼浚通术联合硅胶管植入治疗,术后3～4个月拔管,随访6个月,观察其疗效和并发症。结果 32例(40只眼)不同部位阻塞的泪道疾病总有效愈率95%(治愈率87.5%,好转率7.5%),无效率5%。其中治愈27例(34只眼),好转3例(3只眼),无效2例(2只眼)。术后1例(1只眼)出现泪小管息肉,1例(1只眼)硅胶管脱出。术中术后无其他并发症。结论泪道浚通联合硅管植入术治疗泪道阻塞性疾病,操作简便,创伤小,治愈率高,并发症少,是治疗泪道阻塞性疾病的一种良好方法。     

泪道激光成形术联合环形硅胶管植入治疗泪道阻塞疗效观察

目的探讨KTP-NdYAG激光泪道成形联合环形硅胶管植入治疗泪道阻塞的效果。方法45例（53只眼）泪道阻塞患者行泪道激光成型术后联合环形硅胶管植入，保留硅胶管3～6个月，术后随访，观察泪道通畅情况。结果拔管后平均随访6．5个月，共治愈44只眼（83．02％），好转5只眼（9．43％）。结论泪道激光成形术联合环形硅胶管植入是治疗泪道阻塞的经济、有效、可行的方法     

泪道浚通术联合玻璃酸钠留置治疗泪道阻塞

目的探讨泪道浚通术联合玻璃酸钠留置治疗泪道阻塞的效果。方法采用WZC—Ⅱ型泪道治疗仪，进行泪道浚通后注入玻璃酸钠。随访2～12月。结果此法治疗各种泪道阻塞110例（146眼），治愈139眼，无效7眼，治愈率95．21％。结论泪道浚通术联合玻璃酸钠留置可提高治愈率。     

泪道激光联合Y型硅胶管逆行植入术治疗慢性泪囊炎和鼻泪管阻塞

目的 观察泪道激光联合Y型硅胶管植入术治疗慢性泪囊炎和鼻泪管阻塞的效果.方法 52例(59眼).慢性泪囊炎41眼,鼻泪管阻塞18眼.先用KTP激光疏通泪道阻塞部位,然后将Y型硅胶管表面涂典必殊眼膏后从鼻腔逆行植入阻塞的泪道部位.术后用抗生素眼液定期冲洗泪道.结果 全部一次成功植入Y型硅胶管,术中均未出现并发症.留置硅胶管3～8个月.5眼置管后出现鼻腔内分泌物增多,2眼分别在置管1个月和3个月时因打喷嚏导致硅胶管滑脱,所有患者均顺利拔管,拔管后随访6～12个月.治愈44眼(74.6％),好转11眼(18.6％)无效4眼(6.8％).结论 泪道激光联合Y型硅胶管逆行植入术治疗慢性泪囊炎和鼻泪管阻塞疗效良好.     

全泪道成形术治疗泪道阻塞和慢性泪囊炎的初步临床研究

目的探讨用“经泪点全泪道钻切成形术”治疗泪道阻塞和慢性泪囊炎的可行性和有效性。方法对62例（63眼）泪道阻塞和慢性泪囊炎应用一次性全泪道成形器,术后留置3个月,定期泪道冲洗配合药物消炎等治疗,随访3～15个月,平均随访时间10月。结果术后54眼（85．71％）治愈,6眼（9．52％）冲洗通而不畅,3眼（4．76％）阻塞。结论应用一次性全泪道成形器治疗各种泪道阻塞性疾病,简易快速,适应证广泛,效果良好。     

经泪点全泪道钻切成形治疗泪道阻塞临床研究

目的探讨经泪点全泪道钻切成形术治疗泪道阻塞性疾病的疗效和并发症。方法回顾性病例研究。收集2006年8月至2009年1月在天津医科大学总医院眼科门诊行经泪点全泪道钻切成形术90例（90眼）。年龄22—86岁,平均53岁。对该方法治疗泪道阻塞的疗效、术中及术后并发症进行分析。随访时间3-22个月,平均随访时间10个月。结果术后77眼（85．56％）治愈,9眼好转,4眼冲洗泪道不通畅。术中及术后并发症包括下睑皮肤肿胀淤血、18眼（20．00％）脱管、4例（4．44％）发生泪小管撕裂。结论经泪点全泪道钻切成形术是一种治疗泪道阻塞的便捷、安全、经济的手术。     

泪道重建联合Ritleng泪道插管术治疗儿童继发性泪道阻塞

目的 评估泪道重建联合Ritleng泪道插管手术治疗儿童结膜炎后继发性泪道阻塞的效果。方法 回顾性系列病例研究。分析2008年7月至2013年12月利用泪道重建联合Ritleng泪道插管治疗的结膜炎致继发性泪道阻塞连续病例43例（49眼）的临床资料。其中男20例（23眼）,女23例（26眼）,年龄8个月至11岁。所有病例采用全身麻醉下泪道重建联合Ritleng泪道插管手术治疗,根据病情于术后2~6个月拔管,术后随访6～12个月。拔除泪道硅胶管后,泪道冲洗通畅为治愈,泪道冲洗通不畅并偶有流泪为好转,泪道不通为治疗无效。结果 术中探查按阻塞部位分为泪小管阻塞（9眼）、泪总管阻塞（12眼）、鼻泪管阻塞（4眼）、两处及以上部位阻塞（24眼）。拔管后治愈32眼（65%）,好转10眼（20%）,无效7眼（14%）。鼻腔出血及鼻翼肉芽肿为主要并发症,分别占28%、41%,对症处理后均痊愈。结论 泪道重建联合Ritleng插管技术是一种简便、安全和有效的治疗儿童结膜炎后继发性泪道阻塞的手术方法。     

泪道激光成形联合新型泪道引流管留置术治疗泪道阻塞的临床观察

目的 探讨泪道激光成形联合新型泪道引流管留置术治疗泪道阻塞的治疗效果.方法 89例(95眼)泪道阻塞患者行Nd:YAG激光成形联合新型泪道引流管留置3个月,拔管后随访3～12个月,观察流泪和流脓情况、泪道功能恢复及并发症情况.结果 末次随访时,经此方法治疗各种泪道阻塞的患者治愈72眼,占75.79%;有效15眼,占15.79%;无效8眼,占8.42%,总有效率91.58%.其中泪小管阻塞者有效率100.00%(23/23),泪总管阻塞者有效率100.00%(12/12),鼻泪管阻塞者有效率94.44%(34/36),泪小管合并鼻泪管阻塞者有效率85.71%(12/14),慢性泪囊炎者有效率60.00%(6/10).3眼术后2周左右有轻微眼部刺激症状,4眼出现泪小管周围组织红肿不适,1眼出现泪小点撕裂,因假道形成致眼睑肿胀1眼,无一例患者出现泪道插管滑脱,余未见其他并发症发生.结论 泪道激光成形联合新型泪道引流管留置术治疗泪道阻塞是一种有效的治疗方法.     

鼻内窥镜下泪道浚通联合硅胶管植入治疗泪道阻塞的临床观察

目的:观察鼻内窥镜下泪道浚通联合硅胶管逆行植入和丝裂霉素C(MMC)应用治疗泪道阻塞的手术疗效。方法:鼻内窥镜下利用泪道浚通联合类Y形硅胶管规范泪道逆行植入和MMC应用,留置Y形管3mo,跟踪观察并统计其中106例106眼的治疗结果。结果:鼻内窥镜下泪道浚通后MMC应用,置留、拔管操作特别简单容易,创伤甚微。全部治疗在门诊完成,期间患者正常生活、工作、学习。3a以上随访治疗结果:有效以上率96.2%(102眼);显效以上率92.5%(98眼);治愈率84.9%(90眼);无效3.8%(4眼)。结论:鼻内窥镜下泪道浚通联合硅胶管逆行植入和MMC应用技术是治疗泪道阻塞的首选与补充方法,损伤小,成功率高,并发症少,手术费用低。     

泪道激光成形联合泪道植管术治疗泪道阻塞

目的探讨泪道激光成形联合泪道植管术对泪道阻塞的治疗效果。方法68例（85眼）泪道阻塞行泪道激光成形联合泪道植管手术，术后随访，观察泪道引流泪液功能的恢复情况。结果随访半年以上，经泪道冲洗，77眼泪道保持通畅（90．59％），7眼通而不畅（8．3％），1眼不通（1．18％）。结论泪道激光联合泪道植管术治疗泪道阻塞是一种有效的方法。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.