临床分离非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌毒力及耐药特征分析

目的 了解临床分离的非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌毒力及耐药特征。方法 收集2014-2015年北京友谊医院4-10月肠道门诊分离到的非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法检测霍乱弧菌对15种抗生素的耐药性;PCR检测霍乱弧菌的毒力相关基因。结果 35株非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌对复方新诺明的耐药率(40.0%)最高,其次是氯霉素(28.5%)和磺胺异恶唑(22.6%),对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢曲松、头孢西丁、头孢吡肟及亚胺培南完全敏感。毒力基因检测显示所有菌株均携带hlyA和ompU,hapA(97.1%)、rtxA(91.4%)、Ⅵ型分泌系统T6SS(94.3%~97.1%)、Ⅲ型分泌系统T3SS(80.0%~85.7%)和nanH(62.9%)阳性率较高;主要的毒力基因型为hlyA-rtxA-hapA-ompU-nanH-vasA-vasK-vasH-vcsC-vcsV-vcsN-vspD(40.0%)。结论 临床分离非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌毒力基因多样化,对抗菌药物耐药性较高,需加强腹泻病例中非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌的毒力及耐药监测。     

2018-2021年湖南省人源非O1/非O139群霍乱弧菌药物敏感性及基因组特征

目的 了解2018—2021年间湖南省从病例分离到的非O1/非O139群霍乱弧菌的药物敏感性及基因组特征。方法 选取2018—2021年间湖南省腹泻病例肠道标本分离的非O1/非O139群霍乱弧菌分离株4株和非腹泻病例血液标本分离的非O1/非O139群霍乱弧菌分离株3株,进行药物敏感性测试以及基因组序列测定,分析其药物敏感性及基因组特征。结果 3株血液样品分离株对氨苄西林、诺氟沙星、头孢曲松、美罗培南、米诺环素、复方磺胺甲恶唑、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟、萘啶酸、环丙沙星全部敏感,1株对四环素中介,1株对氯霉素耐药;4株粪便样品分离株对诺氟沙星、头孢曲松、美罗培南、米诺环素、复方磺胺甲恶唑、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟全部敏感,1株对四环素、氯霉素中介,1株对氯霉素耐药,2株对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、萘啶酸耐药;其中1株对氨苄西林、萘啶酸、环丙沙星二重耐药;1株对氨苄西林、萘啶酸、环丙沙星、氯霉素多重耐药。7株非O1/非O139群霍乱弧菌的基因组序列表现出明显的多样性,但是部分菌株在核心基因组和泛基因组都高度相似。基因组序列中均未检出ctxAB基因、VPI-1和VSPII基因组岛。分离自粪便的菌株携带耐药基因...     

肝硬化患者血液及腹水中检出3株非O1非O139群霍乱弧菌

<正>霍乱弧菌是烈性肠道传染病——霍乱的病原菌,目前有155个血清群。自1817年以来,已发生7次世界性的霍乱大流行,均由霍乱弧菌的O1群引起[1]。非O1非O139群霍乱弧菌(non-O1non-O139 Vibrio choleraev,NOVC)虽尚未引起世界性流行,但也可引起人类腹泻及肠道外感染,如伤口感染、败血症等,国内、外已有关于从血液中分离出NOVC的报道。2012年7月河池市人民医     

1株非O1群非O139群霍乱弧菌的错误鉴定和原因分析

<正>霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)是弧菌科弧菌属中具有相似生化性状、相同鞭毛抗原、不同菌体抗原的弧菌的统称,按照菌体脂多糖抗原的不同,已分离出200余个血清群[1],除O1群和O139群的产毒株会导致霍乱的大流行外,其他非O1群非O139群霍乱弧菌亦可引起感染性腹泻、败血症等[2]。本研究从我院收治的1例腹泻患者粪便标本中分离培养到1株非O1群非O139群霍乱弧菌,然而布鲁克基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(Bruker BioT yperTMMALDI-TOF MS)仪却错误鉴定为易北河弧菌(Vibrio albensis)。报道如下。     

2000-2021年江西省O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌非产毒株基因组学研究

目的 分析2000—2021年江西省O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌非产毒株的基因组变异特征。方法 使用基因组重测序技术获得菌株的基因组精细图,使用IQ-tree构建基于核心基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的遗传系统发生树,使用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）研究密切相关菌株的差异,使用最小抑制浓度（MIC）测定菌株的抗生素敏感性。结果 江西省的O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌非产毒株基因组多态性较引起霍乱流行和大流行的产毒株高,其中部分O1群霍乱弧菌非产毒株携带耐药质粒,表现出对多种抗生素的敏感性降低。结论 O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌的基因组多态性高,应该密切关注携带多耐药质粒的霍乱弧菌非产毒株。     

广州市一起非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌食物中毒分离株的病原特征分析

目的 了解2014年广州市某工厂发生的一起非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌食物中毒分离株的耐药特性及分子特征。方法 对分离到的6株非O1/O139群分离株进行生化鉴定、血清学鉴定、药物敏感性实验、毒力相关基因检测和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分子分型分析。结果 6株分离株经生化鉴定、血清学鉴定为非O1/O139群。药物敏感性分析显示,6株分离株均对氨苄西林、头孢克肟、头孢拉定、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、庆大霉素和多粘菌素B耐药,对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、复方新诺明、呋喃唑酮、四环素、吡哌酸、红霉素和氯霉素敏感。毒力基因聚合酶链反应检测结果显示,所有菌株均携带毒力表达调控基因（toxR）和溶血素基因（hlyA）,未检出霍乱肠毒素基因（ctxA）、毒力协同调节菌毛基因（tcpA）和肠毒素基因（ST）;5株病例分离株和1株冷柜内壁分离株经限制性内切酶NotⅠ消化后的PFGE图谱为同一型别。结论 此次食物中毒的病原体为非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌,具有共同的遗传特征,菌株出现了多重耐药,提示应加强该类菌株的监测,防止大范围扩散或暴发流行。     

霍乱弧菌O1群和O139群SXT基因扩增及其酶切分型

霍乱是一种烈性传染病，其致病菌为霍乱弧菌。根据菌体（O）抗原的不同，霍乱弧菌已被分为200个以上的O血清群，其中只有O1和O139群能引起霍乱大流行，其他群主要引起散发，因此，关于霍乱弧菌的检测包括O1群和O139群。霍乱弧菌的快速检测对控制霍乱流行及治疗有重要的意义。     

2005-2014年上海市O139群霍乱弧菌的分子特征和耐药性研究

目的 分析2005-2014年上海市O139群霍乱弧菌的分子特征和耐药性。方法 以聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法检测86株O139群霍乱弧菌的霍乱毒素基因(ctxA)、溶血素基因(hlyA)、毒素协调菌毛基因(tcpA)、调控蛋白基因(toxR)和编码霍乱毒素基因的CTX基因组基因(zot、ace)。采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)和多位点序列分型(MLST)方法对O139群霍乱弧菌菌株进行分子分型。采用WHO推荐的改良K-B纸片法,对O139群霍乱弧菌菌株进行11种抗菌药物(头孢曲松、强力霉素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、复方新诺明、丁胺卡那霉素、四环素、氯霉素、萘啶酸、氨苄西林、庆大霉素)敏感试验。结果 患者来源O139群霍乱弧菌菌株93.2%(41/44)为产毒株,水产来源菌株58.3%(21/36)为产毒株,6株水体来源菌株均为非产毒株。PFGE分析将O139群霍乱弧菌分为35个型别。MLST分析将O139群霍乱弧菌分为9个ST型,其中流行菌型为ST 69型,非产毒株以ST 162型为主。86株O139群霍乱弧菌经药物敏感试验分析显示O139群霍乱弧菌产毒株的耐药情况比非产毒株严重。O139群霍乱弧菌产毒株对强力霉素、复方新诺明、四环素、萘啶酸、氨苄西林、庆大霉素的耐药率高。O139群霍乱弧菌非产毒株对萘啶酸耐药严重。结论 上海市患者和水产来源O139群霍乱弧菌构成以产毒株为主。PFGE分型提示水产为霍乱疫情的主要传染源。O139群霍乱弧菌产毒株高度克隆化,流行菌型为ST 69型,耐药情况严重。     

一起引起食物中毒的非O1群霍乱弧菌实验室鉴定

目的 查明引发浙江省宁波市某服饰公司食物中毒事件的病原菌.方法 对采集到可疑食品和肛拭等标本参照GB/T4789-2003标准进行细菌的分离、鉴定及血清学分型;参照霍乱防治手册检测菌株的CT毒力基因.结果 6份患者大便标本与14份轻微腹泻患者或腹部不适者大便标本中检出非O1群霍乱弧菌O29血清型9株,其中腹泻患者标本检出6株,轻微腹泻患者中检出3株,检出率为45.0%.未检出志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌、致病性大肠杆菌、O1群和O139霍乱弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌,剩余食物未检出志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌、致病性大肠杆菌、O1群和O139霍乱弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌.结论 此次食物中毒为非O1群霍乱弧菌O29血清型所致.     

O139群霍乱弧菌Ⅰ类整合子结构分析

O139群霍乱弧菌是一种引起严重腹泻的肠道病原菌。随着对常用抗菌药物耐药的霍乱弧菌出现，研究其耐药机制和传播也变得重要。Ⅰ类整合子是细菌获得和传播耐药基因的重要机制，携带位点特异性的重组酶系统，可特异性识别耐药基因盒结构，并将其整合在其中，形成各种组合的多重耐药整合子，转移到细菌基因组其他位点上或通过质粒等在细菌之间扩散。本科在2005年分离的1株O139群霍乱弧菌NB05030中检出发现携带andA2耐药基因盒的Ⅰ类整合子结构。     

Ecological study of Vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments, Okayama

An ecological and molecular-epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae in some aquatic environments of Okayama was carried out. The strains of non-O1/non-O139 were isolated frequently, and unconventional O1 strains were rarely observed. These non-O1/non-O139 strains did not have ctxA, the gene of choleratoxin, the major pathogenic factor of epidemic cholera, but possessed hlyA, a gene encoding hemolysin thought to be a pathogenic factor for sporadic diarrhea or food poisoning. Furthermore these strains also had toxR, a gene controlling the pathogenic island of the V. cholerae genome, suggesting the potentia of these strains for accepting the horizontal transfer of virulence factor genes. Thus, continuous survey of the vibrio is to ensure the food safety of fishery products.     

O1 and non-O1 Vibrio cholerae bacteremia produced by hemolytic strains

Vibrio cholerae are Gram-negative bacteria capable of producing serious infections. They are differentiated into O1 and non-O1 serogroups, depending on their ability to agglutinate with specific antiserum. In contrast to non-O1 V. cholerae, which are more prone to invading the bloodstream, V. cholerae O1 is rarely the cause of bacteremia. We describe 2 cases of O and non-O1 V. cholerae bacteremia in patients with hepatitis C virus cirrhosis. We postulate that the hemolytic properties of the isolates contributed to their virulence in immunocompromised hosts.     

Occurrence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups other than O1 and O139 in Austria

From 2000 to 2005, 13 infections due to non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae were documented in Austria. Twelve patients (8 years to 65 years old; 7 male) had symptomatic infections: diarrhea x 5, otitis x 6, septicemia once. All 5 patients who acquired their infections abroad, suffered from diarrhea. The 8 persons without travel history outside of Austria had otitis media (n = 4) or otitis externa (n = 2); the lethal case of septicemia affected a fisherman with underlying malignancy. One isolate was from an asymptomatic child. Detailed data on travel history inside Austria was available for 5 of these 8 patients: all 5 had visited or lived near Austria's largest lake. The concentration of salt in this westernmost steppe lake in Europe is approximately one-twentieth of that of sea water. Why otitis and not diarrhea is the dominating manifestation of non-O1/non-O139 infection acquired in Austria remains to be elucidated. We hypothesize that diarrhea due to Vibrio cholerae serogroups other than O1 and O139 acquired in Austria may simply be unrecognized by the standard operating procedures employed in clinical microbiology laboratories. Testing for Vibrio cholerae is not considered necessary for domestically acquired diarrhea. Only in patients who acquired diarrhea abroad, do physicians sometimes consider cholera as a differential diagnosis, thereby prompting the laboratory to use thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar plates.     

Distribution and content of class 1 integrons in different Vibrio cholerae O-serotype strains isolated in Thailand

In this study, 176 clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae strains of different O serotypes isolated in Thailand from 1982 to 1995 were selected and studied for the presence of class 1 integrons, a new group of genetic elements which carry antibiotic resistance genes. Using PCR and DNA sequencing, we found that 44 isolates contained class 1 integrons harboring the aadB, aadA2, blaP1, dfrA1, and dfrA15 gene cassettes, which encode resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin; streptomycin and spectinomycin; beta-lactams; and trimethoprim, respectively. Each cassette array contained only a single antibiotic resistance gene. Although resistance genes in class 1 integrons were found in strains from the same epidemic, as well as in unrelated non-O1, non-O139 strains isolated from children with diarrhea, they were found to encode only some of the antibiotic resistance expressed by the strains. Serotype O139 strains did not contain class 1 integrons. However, the appearance and disappearance of the O139 serotype in the coastal city Samutsakorn in 1992 and 1993 were associated with the emergence of a distinct V. cholerae O1 strain which contained the aadA2 resistance gene cassette. A 150-kb self-transmissible plasmid found in three O1 strains isolated in 1982 contained the aadB gene cassette. Surprisingly, several strains harbored two integrons containing different cassettes. Thus, class 1 integrons containing various resistance gene cassettes are distributed among different V. cholerae O serotypes of mainly clinical origin in Thailand.     

2015－2017年北京市顺义区食源性疾病监测腹泻病例霍乱弧菌感染及病原学特征分析

目的研究食源性疾病监测腹泻患者霍乱弧菌感染特点及病原学特征，为科学防控和临床治疗提供依据。方法从2015－2017年北京市顺义区腹泻监测病例的粪便标本中分离培养霍乱弧菌，针对分离菌株进行毒力基因聚合酶链式反应（PCR）检测、脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）、基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）图谱分析以及抗生素敏感性分析。结果2015－2017年，共收集1 105例腹泻患者，霍乱弧菌的检出率为0.54%（6/1 105），霍乱毒素基因ctxAB均为阴性，血清学分型为非O1/O139型，其中5株霍乱弧菌携带Ⅲ型分泌系统毒力基因。 菌株PFGE聚类分析结果和MALDI-TOF MS图谱聚类结果具有较好的一致性。结论霍乱弧菌流行强度不高，但其感染和病原学监测工作应在食源性疾病监测体系中得到重视。     

1例白血病患者血液中检出非O1非O139群霍乱弧菌

2012年8月,浦东新区儿童医学中心从1名6岁急性淋巴细胞性白血病复发患儿血液中分离到霍乱弧菌,随后浦东新区疾病预防控制中心对该分离株进行了系统生化鉴定、毒力基因及药物敏感性检测,结果为不产霍乱毒素的非O1非O139霍乱弧菌。