血液病患者输血与庚型肝炎病毒感染的研究

目的：了解血液病患者输血后的庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染情况。方法：对６３例血液病患者采用ＲＴＰＣＲ方法检测ＨＧＶＲＮＡ、丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）ＲＮＡ，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测抗ＨＧＶ、ＨＢｓＡｇ。结果：ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性率为７．９％，抗ＨＧＶ阳性率６．３％；ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为４６．０％。ＨＧＶ感染通常伴有ＨＣＶ感染及丙氨酸转氨酶升高。ＨＧＶ感染与输血量有关，与血液病种类无关。结论：血液病输血可引起ＨＣＶ、ＨＧＶ的传播     

输血及血制品者丙型肝炎病毒感染调查

对深圳九龙海关职员有输血或血制品史者６６铭及对照组１４７名调查其ＨＣＶ感染情况。结果：输血组抗ＨＣＶ组性率为９．１％，明显高于抽样组的０．７％。输血组中以血浆者抗－ＨＣＶ检出最高，传播风险较大。丙种球蛋白及补血康输入者抗－ＨＣＶ阴性。抗－ＨＣＶ检出阳性者中ＡＬＴ升高者ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均阳性，提示ＨＣＶＲＮＡ水平与活动性肝损害相关。     

逆转录PCR检测急性白血病患者血清中丙型肝炎病毒的研究

应用逆转录多聚酶链反应和酶联免疫吸附试验方法检测１８例经多次输血并有肝功能改变的急性白血病患者血清中丙型肝炎毒基因和抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体。ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ阳性率７７．８；抗－ＨＣＶ阳性６６．１％；单项或两项阳性者１６例，联合判定ＨＣＶ感染率８８．９％。ＲＴ ＰＣＲ检出ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ时间早于抗－ＨＣＶ阳转时间，而且敏感性高于后者，是一种早期，灵敏及特异的ＨＣＶ感染诊断方法。     

丙型肝炎病毒感染在各类型慢性乙型肝炎患者中的血清流行病学分析

本文以抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ作为观察指标，对广州地区４２８例各类型慢性乙型肝炎患者的丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）重叠感染状况进行了流行病学调查。结果显示慢性乙型肝炎患者中ＨＣＶ重叠感染中１０．１％，明显高于对照组的１．４％（Ｐ＝０．０００８）慢重肝与肝硬化的重叠感染率高于慢迁肝与慢活肝（Ｐ〈０．００１），有输血史的患者ＨＣＶ重叠感染率高于无输血史者（Ｐ〈０．０００１）。     

RT-PCR技术检测抗-HCV阴性血液结果

ＨＣＶ感染人体到抗体转阳有一个较长的窗口期,期间用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测抗－ＨＣＶ总是阴性,这是导致现阶段临床输血传染ＨＣＶ主要原因。而ＨＣＶ感染后数天ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的复制即在进行,引发病毒血症,早期常能检出阳性结果。为此本站自１９９５年３月起对经ＥＬＩＳＡ...     

不同血清学标志血清中HBV DNA和HCV RNA的分析研究

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测４８１例乙肝血清学五项指标至少一项阳性血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，结果显示ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检出率为９１．５％，ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检出率为１５．４％，并提示（１）当乙肝患者血清中抗ＨＢｅ阳性甚至抗ＨＢｓ阳性时，仍有相当部分的ＨＢＶ存在且仍在复制；（２）ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ感染可相互增加其易感性；ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性与否与抗ＨＣＶ可能有一定关系；（３）ＰＣＲ检测ＨＢＶＤＮＡ、ＨＣＶＲＮＡ具有较高的敏感性。     

HCV感染基因型病毒复制程度与肝病关系的研究

采用限制性内切酶Ｓａｕ３Ａｌ和ＨａｅⅢ对５４例ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性的５＇ＮＣ区扩增产物进行酶切分型；ＰＣＲ滴定法半定量分析ＨＣＶＲＮＡ含量。结果显示４种酶切类型：ＨＣＶⅠ型感染３．７％（２／５４），ＨＣＶⅡ型感染７７．８％（４２／５４），ＨＣＶⅢ、Ⅳ型感染１１．１％（６／５４），ＨＣＶⅠ、Ⅱ／Ⅲ、Ⅳ型混合感染７．４％（４／５４），ＨＣＶⅡ型感染阳性率在ＡＨ、ＣＡＨ、ＬＣ三组间无显著差异（     

输血后急性丙型肝炎患者抗-HCV和病毒血症观察

输血后急性丙型肝炎患者抗－ＨＣＶ和病毒血症观察４３００７１湖北医科大学附属第二医院左学兰骆名其许友芝第２代ＥＬＩＳＡ法（ＥＬＩＳＡⅡ）检测丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗－ＨＣＶ）和聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，已常规应用于临床，为了估价这些血清学和分...     

干扰素治疗前丙肝患者血清及外周血单个核细胞中HCV—RNA的检测

本文采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法对２６例干扰素治疗前丙肝患者血清ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ进行检测，并对１４例血清ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阴性的标本进行外周血单个核细胞中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ进行检测，发现２６例血清标本中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性率为２６．９％，而１４例血清ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阴性标本，其ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ有３例阳性，阳性率为２１．１％。因此，ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ是丙肝病毒血症的又一个诊断指标，是否可作为干扰素疗效判断的     

输血后丙型肝炎患者不同功能区抗体的研究

为了了解丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）不同功能区抗体的诊断价值，利用体外表达的ＨＣＶＣ、Ｅ１、Ｅ２／ＮＳ１、ＮＳ３、ＮＳ５蛋白作为重组抗原，按ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测了已确诊为输血后丙型肝炎患者的血清１１２份。结果，检出率最高的是抗ＨＣＶ－Ｃ（８１．３％），最低的是抗ＨＣＶ－Ｅ１（１０．７％），输血后１个月内检出率最高的也是抗ＨＣＶ－Ｃ（８０％）。表明Ｃ蛋白是进行ＨＣＶ诊断的最重要抗原。另外，动态观察１０例输血     

Frequency and characteristics of post-transfusion hepatitis in Greece with emphasis on hepatitis C: comparing second- and third-generation assays

SUMMARY. In order to evaluate the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) in Greece we prospectively followed 143 transfusion recipients, receiving 790 units of blood and/or products from 789 donors, between October 1989 and December 1991. The mean number of units transfused per patient was 5–52. PTH was observed in 18 patients (12–59%). One patient (0–70%) developed hepatitis B, in four (2–80%) hepatitis could be attributed to CMV infection, 10 (6–99%) developed hepatitis C and three (2–10%) showed only raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. The risk of PTH per 1000 units transfused was 22–8. The patient who developed hepatitis B (PTH-B) was transfused with four units, one of which was positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBe. Seven of the 10 patients (70%) who developed hepatitis C (PTH-C) were transfused with at least one unit seropositive in the anti-HCV screening with 2nd-generation tests (ELISA-2 and RIBA-2), whereas 9/10 of PTH-C cases (90%) were transfused with at least one unit positive in 3rd-generation assays. Of the three patients who showed only ALT elevation, none was transfused with anti-HCV seropositive blood, although one of them was transfused with at least one unit with elevated ALT levels. We conclude that: (1) the incidence of PTH in Greece remains high, (2)screening of all donations for anti-HCV with an ELISA-2 does not exclude transmission of HCV and (3) ELISA-3 and RIBA-3 seem to be more sensitive in blood donor screening and in detecting seroconversions than ELISA-2 and RIBA-2.     

Clinical evaluation of an HIV-1 and HCV assay and demonstration of significant reduction of the HCV detection window before seroconversion

BACKGROUND: One HIV-1 and HCV assay simultaneously detects HIV-1 and HCV RNA (Procleix, Chiron Corp.). The main intended use of the assay is the testing of blood and blood products in blood banking. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To evaluate the clinical sensitivity of the assay, 164 anti-HIV-1+ and 160 anti-HCV+ patients of different viral load were tested. The assay specificity was determined in 1000 HIV-1- and HCV-seronegative blood donors. The ability of the assay to detect different HCV genotypes was investigated in a total of 40 patients of different genotypes (1-4). Furthermore, to investigate the reduction of the HCV window phase before seroconversion, serial samples of 25 hemodialysis patients who seroconverted to anti-HCV were also tested. RESULTS: The assay detected all 60 HIV-1-infected patients with a viral load of greater than 50 copies per mL and 48 of 104 patients with a viral load of less than 50 copies per mL. Moreover, all 60 patients with an HCV RNA load of greater than 521 IU per mL and 7 of 100 patients with a viral load of less than 50 IU per mL tested positive. The assay specificity was found to be 100 percent. In addition, all 40 patients of different HCV genotypes were successfully detected. Finally, the median time that the assay detected HCV infection before second- and third-generation anti-HCV assay was found to be 183 and 91 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: The assay sensitivity and specificity, its ability to detect different HCV genotypes, and the significant reduction of window period of HCV infection further support its use for improving the safety of blood and blood products.     

新型丙型肝炎病毒抗体检测试剂Elecsys anti-HCV Ⅱ的性能评价与比较

目的评价新上市的丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)筛查试剂Elecsys anti-HCV Ⅱ的性能,并与其他两种临床上广泛应用的同类试剂进行性能比较。 方法使用罗氏Elecsys anti-HCV Ⅱ、雅培Architect anti-HCV和强生Vitros anti-HCV 3种试剂,平行检测4个HCV血清转换盘、861份临床常规样本、100份抗-HCV检测临界阳性样本及178份HIV感染患者样本。抗-HCV确诊试验为重组免疫印迹法(RIBA 3.0)或HCV RNA定量检测。此外,使用Elecsys anti-HCV Ⅱ检测203份不同HCV基因型样本以评价其基因型覆盖度。 结果相比Architect和Vitros anti-HCV,Elecsys anti-HCV II可提前7～14d检测到HCV感染后抗-HCV的产生;在检测临床常规样本(包括抗-HCV临界阳性样本)时,Elecsys anti-HCV Ⅱ有100%的敏感度及良好的特异度;70.22%(125/178)HIV感染患者样本为HCV RNA阳性,Elecsys anti-HCV Ⅱ可检测出其中97.60%(122/125)样本中的抗-HCV;Elecsys anti-HCV Ⅱ可能低估3b型样本的抗-HCV水平。 结论Elecsys anti-HCV Ⅱ可进一步缩短HCV感染后的检测窗口期,可灵敏、特异地检测临床样本包括免疫缺陷患者样本中的抗-HCV,适用于临床HCV感染的筛查,但对其检测特定HCV基因型样本的性能尚需纳入更多样本深入研究。     

联合检测维持性血液透析患者丙型病毒性肝炎感染标志的意义

目的：探讨维持性血液透析患者丙型病毒性肝炎感染标志联合检测的意义。方法：收集120例血透患者的临床资料。采用第2代ELISA法检测血抗-HCV。RT-PCR方法检测HCVRNA，比较维持性血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒感染标志联合检测的意义。结果：120例血透患者中，抗HCVIgM阳性49例（40．8％），抗HCVIgG阳性47例（39．2％），HCVRNA阳性52例（43．3％），所有HCV指标均阳性37例（30．8％），至少1项指标阳性55例（45．8％）。结论：联合检测抗HCVIgM、抗HCVIgG和HCVRNA可显著提高血透患者HCV感染的检出率。     

Performance of a conventional enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus core antigen in the early phases of hepatitis C infection

There are periods within the early phase of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in which the anti-HCV antibody test is unable to confirm HCV viremia. To reduce the risk of transmitting HCV through transfusions, we developed a simple and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which detects the core antigen of HCV (HCVcAg). This assay employed a conventional colorimetric EIA system, and was based on a two-step sandwich assay, using a 96- well microplate. The reproducibility of the results was very high. When the cutoff values were set to 30 fmol of recombinant HCVcAg/L, as determined by the distribution of healthy subject sera (n=223), 99.6% of healthy subject sera and 100% of hepatitis B patient sera (n=50) were negative for HCVcAg. The clinical performance of this EIA was examined using 14 commercially available seroconversion panels. In every panel, HCVcAg could be detected at points preceding the seroconversion of anti-HCV antibodies. The points at which HCVcAg was detected were the same as those at which it was detected by an AMPLICOR HCV Monitor test. The EIA's window period for detecting the HCVcAg in all panels was on average 26 days shorter than that of the anti-HCV antibody test. In three panels where the first sample is negative for HCV RNA, the window period was shortened 50 days by this EIA for HCVcAg. There was a positive correlation between the concentration of HCVcAg and HCV RNA in anti-HCV antibody negative specimens. This assay was simpler to perform than assays based on gene amplification technology for the detection of HCV RNA, and the window period was shortened to that of the AMPLICOR HCV Monitor test. Thus, the EIA for HCVcAg would be useful in screening seroconverting donors and could reduce the residual risk of secondary HCV infections through transfusions.     

丙型肝炎病毒RNA含量与抗-HCV及ALT的关系

目的 了解丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸(HCV RNA)与丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的关系.方法 144例在本院住院和门诊同时检测HCV RNA、抗-HCV及ALT的患者,用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(FQ-RT-PCR)法检测标本中的HCV RNA,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测抗-HCV,用全自动生化检测仪测定ALT水平.结果 144例标本中HCV RNA高于上限值34例(23.6%),抗-HCV阳性44例(30.6%),二者有很好的相关性.有46例(31.8%)存在ALT异常,而ALT异常率与HCV RNA含量有一定的比例关系.结论 HCV RNA含量与抗-HCV同时检测可提高临床对丙型肝炎的诊断.HCV RNA是反映HCV复制的可靠指标,结合ALT结果可帮助临床了解HCV在体内的复制状况及肝脏的炎性反应状态.FQ-RT-PCR法检测HCV RNA具有非常好的临床应用价值.     

我国5城市合格献血者血液HIV及HCV残余风险研究

目的研究我国献血者血液HIV及HCV残余风险;评估我国开展血液核酸检测(NAT)的可行性和必要性。方法采集乌鲁木齐、昆明、北京、广州、杭州5城市献血者血样,用Chiron Procleix HIV-1/HCV Assay血液核酸检测体系,对各项血清学筛查均合格的89 467份血液作16人份混合血样NAT检测,凡筛查不合格血样再作单人份检测;对于抗-HCV阴性而HCV RNA NAT阳性者,用备用管作抗-HCV、ALT、及HCV RNA NAT复检。结果共检出HCV RNA NAT阳性但抗-HCV EIA阴性标本3例,未检出HIV RNA NAT阳性但抗-HIV EIA阴性标本;在87 034份血清学筛查合格献血者中,检出HCV NAT阳性2例,其中1例复检ALT为254U/L,未检出HIVNAT阳性;在2 613份血清学筛查不合格者中,检出1例HCV NAT阳性但抗-HCV EIA阴性标本,该献血者抗-HIV阳性、ALT 372U/L;未检出HIV NAT阳性但抗-HIV EIA阴性的标本。结论血清学筛查使我国的血液安全性已有相当高的保障;而NAT技术可进一步提高血液的安全性,但在我国是否可应用于常规血液筛查,需考虑成本与效益比。此外,ALT筛查对排除抗-HCV漏检血液仍有一定的作用。     

2260例静脉注射海洛因依赖者HBV、HCV感染状况分析

应用ELISA法对 2260例iv海洛因依赖者进行血清HBsAg、抗 -HCV、ALT检测。结果表明 ,iv海洛因依赖者血清HBsAg、抗 -HCV阳性率分别为 37.8%、53.9% ,HBsAg、抗 -HCV同时阳性者 4 56例 ,重叠感染率 20.2 %均显著高于对照组 (24.9%、22.3%、10.8% )。两组之间的差异有非常显著性 (均P 0.05)。在iv海洛因依赖者中 ,HCV感染率较HBV感染率更高 ,抗 -HCV阳性者 ,ALT异常率高于HBsAg阳性者。提示iv毒品传播HCV已成为一种不可忽视的重要途径。     

抗-HCV联合TMA定性检测HCV—RNA在维持性血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒感染早期诊断中意义的探讨

目的研究维持性血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的血清学诊断方法,探讨抗．HCV联合HCV-RNA检测在维持性血液透析患者HCV感染早期诊断中的意义,以期获得维持性血液透析患者HCV感染早期诊断的可靠方法。方法选择深圳市第二人民医院血液透析中心183例维持性血液透析患者为研究对象,分别使用国产和进口HCV抗体试剂盒检测抗-HCV,使用TMA法定性检测HCV—RNA,荧光定量PCR法定量检测HCV-RNA,比较不同产品及诊断方法对HCV的检出率,评价ALT变化与HCV—RNA载量的关系,评价抗-HCVS／CO值与HCV-RNA载量的关系。结果国产和进口试剂检测抗-HCV的检出率均为7．1％（P=1．000）;TMA法定性检测HCV—RNA的检出率为8。7％,免疫荧光定量PCR法的检出率为5．5％,但两者之间差异有统计学意义（x^2=87．537,P=0．000）;HCV-RNA定性检测比检测抗．HCV的检出率高,两者的差异有统计学意义（x^2=81．531,P=0．000）;联合抗-HCV和HCV-RNA定性检测结果HCV阳性共19例,检出率为10．4％,与单独检测抗．HCV比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．031）,但与单独定性检测HCV—RNA比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．250）。HCV．RNA的载量和ALT的变化无相关性（r=0．189,P=0．536）;抗-HCV初筛的S／CO值与HCV—RNA载量无相关性（r=0．174,P=0．569）。结论HCV．RNA定性检测较抗．HCV检测能缩短维持性血液透析患者HCV感染检出的窗口期,有利于早期诊断。HCV—RNA定性检测能较临床现行的HCV．RNA免疫荧光定量检测显著提高HCV感染的检出率。联合抗-HCV和TMA法定性检测HCV—RNA既能缩短HCV感染的“窗口期”,也能显著提高HCV感染的检出率,可避免漏检处于血清转换期或慢性病毒携带或既往感染的“隐性”患者,值得临床推广应用。ALT的变化和HCV载量无明显相关性,在血液透析患者中辅助早期诊断HCV感染的作用较小。     

Serological and histological features of anti-HCV-positive individuals without serum HCV RNA.

Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in patients who are negative for HCV RNA in serum may indicate a memory of past infection of HCV. However, their clinical features have not been well understood. Fourteen anti-HCV-positive but HCV RNA-negative individuals were examined for serological and histological features. As a result, it was found that they had only antibody to HCV core antigen C22-3 with or without antibody to nonstructural viral antigen C33c on a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA), and that an concentration of anti-C22 was low. Liver biopsy showed two having no evidence of an obvious hepatic injury, two having a minimal change, and two having portal fibrosis. HCV RNA was not found in the liver. These results corroborate an idea that the anti-HCV in HCV RNA-negative individuals implies a past infection of HCV. Furthermore, it is suggested that a combination of an appearance pattern of antibody to HCV antigens on RIBA and anti-C22 titer are an useful marker to distinguish anti-HCV-positive individuals without viremia from those with viremia.