30例双原发肺癌的临床及预后因素分析

背景与目的 多原发肺癌(multiple primary lung cancer, MPLC)是一种临床中较为少见的肺癌类型,双原发肺癌(double primary lung cancer, DPLC)是其中最常见的一种,近年来由于诊疗手段的进步检出率逐渐升高.本研究总结分析了30例DPLC患者的临床资料,以期为DPLC的诊疗提供理论依据.方法 回顾郑州大学附属肿瘤医院2010年1月-2015年12月收治的30例DPLC患者的临床资料,对临床特征及预后相关因素进行分析.结果 30例中,同时性双原发癌(synchronous DPLC, sDPLC)占3例(3/30, 10%),异时性双原发癌(metachro-nous DPLC, mDPLC)占27例(27/30, 90.0%).病灶好发于右肺上叶(20/60, 33.3%),病理类型以腺癌(25/60, 41.7%)为主,病理类型相同者(17/30, 56.7%)多于不同者(13/30, 43.3%),病理类型相同者以腺-腺(10/16, 62.5%)最常见.生存分析显示淋巴结转移(HR=4.349, 95%CI: 1.435-13.178, P=0.009)和重度吸烟史(HR=2.996, 95%CI: 1.089-8.240, P=0.034)是DPLC的不良预后因素.结论 DPLC好发于右肺上叶,病理类型以腺癌为主,早期诊断、积极的治疗和严格的戒烟策略有望改善其预后.     

多原发肺癌的临床特征及预后因素分析

背景与目的 随着疾病谱的变化和胸部低剂量电子计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）的普及,多原发性肺癌（multiprimarylungcancer,MPLC）的检出率越来越高。但是,关于MPLC的临床特征及预后因素的研究较少。因此本研究旨在探讨MPLC的临床特征及预后危险因素,为MPLC的预后分析提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年1月期间在云南省肿瘤医院经手术病理确诊的120例MPLC患者的一般信息、术前影像学特征、术后病理类型等临床资料,应用Cox多因素回归模型分析影响患者预后的危险因素。结果 48.3%患者周围型病灶影像学特征为类圆形或圆形,51.7%患者为不规则形,40.8%患者胸膜被牵拉;病理学特征以腺癌为主,鳞癌次之;患者手术后3年生存率为87.5%(105/120),手术后5年生存率为79.2%(95/120);Cox多因素分析结果显示,年龄、吸烟、Ki-67、最大肿瘤直径及淋巴结转移是影响MPLC患者生存的危险因素。结论 MPLC具有单原发肺癌的影像学特征,主要表现为不规则形、类圆形或圆形,且病理类型以腺癌多见,年龄> 6...     

同时性多原发肺癌的预后及生存相关因素研究

背景与目的同时性多原发肺癌（synchronous multiple primary lung cancer, sMPLC）既往属少见疾病,近年发病率呈持续上升趋势,但缺乏对其大样本的研究报道。本研究对357例sMPLC的临床病理资料进行分析总结,籍以为临床诊断、治疗及预后提供理论依据。方法参考Martini-Melamed诊断标准和国际肺癌研究协会（International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, IASLC）第8版肿瘤-淋巴结-转移（tumor-node-metastasis, TNM）分期标准,对357例sMPLC的临床病理资料进行分析。结果357例患者中,双原发病灶269例（75.35%）,三原发病灶65例（18.21%）,四原发病灶及以上者23例（6.44%）,最多者为8个病灶。病灶好发于上叶,特别是右上叶（35.77%,298/833）,病理类型以腺癌为主（95.56%,796/833）,鳞癌次之（2.40%,20/833）,腺癌亚型中以腺泡样为主的比例较高（70.81%,313/442）,分期以Ib期及以下为主（68.35%,244/357）。病理类型相同者发病率（92.72%,331/357）远高于不同病理类型（7.28%,26/357）,其中腺癌-腺癌比例较高（99.40%,329/331）。sMPLC的3年总生存率（overall survival, OS）为91.93%,5年总生存率为84.37%,多因素生存分析显示,有吸烟史（P=0.012）、最大病灶直径大于2 cm（P=0.027）、淋巴结转移（P=0.015）和胸膜受累（P<0.001）为影响sMPLC预后生存的独立危险因素。结论 sMPLC好发于右上叶,以腺癌最常见,腺泡样为主的亚型多见。吸烟史、最大结节直径、淋巴结转移和胸膜侵犯是影响sMPLC预后生存的独立危险因素。早期发现和积极的手术可以使sMPLC患者获得较好的预后。     

同时性多中心原发性肺癌37例临床病理分析

目的:分析同时性多中心原发性肺癌的发病率、临床病理特征及预后。方法:回顾2005-01-01-2011-12-30经手术切除2 284例原发性肺癌,筛选其中经临床、病理及影像诊断为同时性多中心原发性肺癌37例。对年龄、性别、吸烟状态、临床分期及肿瘤数目、位置和大小等变量与同时性多中心原发性肺癌预后的关系进行Kaplan-meier生存分析检验。结果:同时性多中心原发性肺癌的发病率占同期肺癌的1.62%(37/2 284),中位年龄60岁。病理类型以腺癌为主,相同病理类型者占86.49%(32/37)。病理类型相同者诊断需在多个癌灶见到原位癌区域;影像表现为肿块边缘不光整,分叶状,有毛刺征。术后3年生存率78.38%,临床分期与预后相关,肿瘤最大径≤3cm与>3cm者预后差异有统计学意义,P=0.0000。结论:同时性多中心原发性肺癌的发病率较低,多为腺癌,相同病理类型者需结合病理及影像与肺内转移瘤鉴别。手术为首选治疗手段,肿瘤最大径≤3cm、pT1、pN0者预后较好。     

多原发肺癌诊治新进展

近年来,多原发肺癌（MPLC）的发病率逐渐上升,但目前尚无诊断MPLC的金标准,尤其当多发病灶病理类型相同时,与肺内转移癌的鉴别仍较困难。因此需综合考虑组织学类型、影像学特征、临床表现及分子遗传学特点。新诊断技术的出现为MPLC的正确诊断作了重要补充。MPLC应将多发病灶单独分期,治疗以手术为首选,预后较好。本文通过总结最新的文献进展,结合本院对MPLC的诊治体会作如下综述。     

多层螺旋CT对同时多原发肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT对同时多原发肺癌的诊断价值及其误诊原因。方法回顾性分析40例83个病灶同时多原发肺癌的CT征象及组织病理类型;分析X线胸片及CT漏误诊病变原因。结果同时多原发肺癌同侧肺发病率高于双侧肺(34∶6),周围型多见,占94%。组织学类型以腺癌最多见,占79.5%(66/83),腺癌中以女性发病更多见(55.2%)。周围型病灶边缘见毛刺者占76.9%(60/78),胸膜牵拉者占70.5%(55/78)。腺癌组和非腺癌组病灶的密度(非实性结节、部分实性结节、实性结节)、结节形态(圆形或类圆形、不规则形)、边缘分叶差异有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。CT第一诊断非恶性病灶共12个,术后均为腺癌,其中4个病灶随访3～6个月后复查,病灶增大,经手术病理证实。X线胸片漏诊周围型病灶24个(22个直径≤1.5cm;12个为非实性结节),均由胸部CT扫描检出。结论同时多原发肺癌不同癌灶大多具有原发肺癌的典型CT表现,并与其病理类型有一定关系。X线胸片漏诊率高,多层螺旋CT对检出小癌灶和非实性癌灶尤为重要。初次影像表现恶性征象不典型病灶,密切随诊非常重要。     

同时性多原发肺腺癌的外科治疗及预后

背景与目的 随着高分辨率计算机断层扫描(high-resolution computed tomography,HRCT)应用的普及,多原发肺癌(multiple primary lung cancers,MPLC)的检出率逐年上升,其中腺癌是最常见的病理类型.目前国内外对MPLC的研究已相对多见,但罕有单独分析同时性多原发肺腺癌(synchronous multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas,SMPLA)的报道.本研究探讨SMPLA患者的临床病理特点及预后,旨在提高对SMPLA的认识.方法 对2012年12月-2016年7月期间我科38例临床资料保存完整的SMPLA患者进行了回顾性分析.结果 38例SMPLA患者中,男性12例,女性26例,中位年龄为58岁(39岁-73岁).双原发肺腺癌29例,2个病灶以上9例.病灶位于同侧26例,双侧12例.同期手术34例(包括8例患者同期行双侧手术),分期手术4例.5例患者对每个病灶分别行基因检测,结果证实不同病灶的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变类型不完全相同.1年和3年总生存率分别为96.6%和74.2%.肿瘤直径越大(P<0.001)、T分期越高(P=0.003)、淋巴结转移(P=0.001)、TNM分期越高(P=0.022)以及术后放、化疗(P=0.009)提示总生存预后较差.结论 对于多发的非小细胞肺癌,不能轻易地诊断为转移癌,应考虑多原发可能.EGFR基因检测可作为鉴别多原发肺腺癌与复发转移癌的临床参考.     

基于高分辨率CT特征鉴别同时多原发肺腺癌与肺腺癌伴肺内转移

目的探讨高分辨率CT(HRCT)特征对于同时多原发肺腺癌与肺腺癌伴肺内转移的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的62例(131个病灶)同时多原发肺腺癌和31例(67个病灶)肺腺癌伴肺内转移患者的临床和影像学特征。按照病灶类型, 纯磨玻璃结节(pGGN)、混合磨玻璃结节(mGGN)和实性结节(SN), 将患者分为7种影像配对类型, 比较同时多原发肺癌(原发组)与肺癌伴肺内转移(转移组)的影像配对类型差异。将肺内多发病灶按照大小分为主病灶和伴随病灶。分析主病灶和伴随病灶的大小(总体长径, 实性成分长径)、磨玻璃成分、形态、分叶、边界、毛刺、空泡征、胸膜牵拉及胸膜贴邻, 比较原发组和转移组主病灶与伴随病灶间的影像学特征差异。结果原发组影像学类型以pGGN+mGGN和mGGN+mGGN多见, 病灶中均含磨玻璃成分(pGGN或mGGN)者占62.9%(39/62), 至少有1个病灶内含磨玻璃成分者占96.8%(60/62);转移组仅有2种类型, 其中大部分为SN+SN(93.5%, 29/31), 少数为mGGN+SN(6.5%, 2/31)。两组间影像配对类型的差异有统计学意义(P&l...     

40岁以下青年肺癌的临床特点与外科治疗

背景与目的 分析40岁以下青年肺癌的临床特点及治疗方法.方法 本文分析了1994-2007年间40岁以下肺癌患者41例.结果 41例患者男性28例,女性13例,男女之比为2.2:1,病理类型中腺癌为19例,鳞癌16例,小细胞肺癌5例,大细胞肺癌1例.误诊率为44%,多误诊为肺结核,肺炎,炎性假瘤及结核性胸膜炎等.结论 青年肺癌在病理类型上腺癌多见,故肿瘤生长快,转移率高.手术切除率(73.2%)低,预后差,5年生存率低.早期诊断和尽早根治切除是关键问题.     

肺癌骨转移的全身骨扫描表现分析

目的分析肺癌骨转移在全身骨扫描中的表现。方法对210例病理学检查证实的肺癌患者行99mTc-MDP骨显示检查,分析所显示骨转移情况。结果肺癌骨转移率为45.2%,其中肺腺癌的转移率最高为61.8%,显著高于其他病理类型,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺癌骨转移主要为多发转移病灶(83.6%),转移部位以胸部骨骼最多见(45.8%),显著高于其他部位,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论全身骨扫描显示肺癌骨转移以多发为主,腺癌骨转移率最高,好发于胸部骨骼,全身骨扫描对于辅助早期诊断肺癌骨转移具有简便、高效的优势。     

Clinical features and outcomes of patients with stage I multiple primary lung cancers

The number of patients with multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) is rising. We studied the clinical features and factors related to outcomes of MPLC patients using the database of surgically resected lung cancer (LC) cases compiled by the Japanese Joint Committee of Lung Cancer Registry. From the 18 978 registered cases, 9689 patients with clinical stage I non-small-cell lung cancer who achieved complete resection were extracted. Tumors were defined as synchronous MPLC when multiple LC was simultaneously resected or treatment was carried out within 2 years after the initial surgery; metachronous MPLC was defined as second LC treated more than 2 years after the initial surgery. Of these cases, 579 (6.0%) were synchronous MPLC and 477 (5.0%) metachronous MPLC, with 51 overlapping cases. Female sex, nonsmoker, low consolidation-tumor ratio (CTR), and adenocarcinoma were significantly more frequent in the synchronous MPLC group, whereas patients with metachronous MPLC had higher frequencies of male sex, smoker, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and nonadenocarcinoma. There was no significant difference in survival rate between patients with and without synchronous or metachronous MPLC. Age, gender, CTR for second LC, and histological combination of primary and second LC were prognostic indicators for both types of MPLC. Logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, history of malignant disease other than LC, and COPD were risk factors for MPLC incidence. The present findings could have major implications regarding MPLC diagnosis and identification of independent prognostic factors, and provide valuable information for postoperative management of patients with MPLC.     

乳腺与肺双原发性癌的临床病理特征分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌合并原发性肺癌患者的临床病理特征及同时手术的安全性。方法:回顾性收集1999 年1月至2017年12月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治的乳腺癌合并肺癌患者共计94例,经病例筛选后共71例纳入本研究,对纳入研究的双原发性癌患者临床病理特点进行分析。结果:71例患者中,乳腺癌作为首发癌合并肺癌 63例,肺癌作为首发癌合并乳腺癌 8例,两组患者在乳腺肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移数目、临床分期、病理类型、ER表达、Ki-67指数、HER-2表达、手术方式及有无放化疗史方面的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,但乳腺癌首发组患者无进展生存期优于肺癌首发组（P<0.05）。在同时性双原发性癌 28 例中,6 例患者（21.4%）同时接受乳腺癌及肺癌手术,围手术期无并发症发生,术后病情平稳。以乳腺癌作为首发癌的41例异时性双原发性癌中,中位间隔为57.3个月,肺结节平均观察时间为10个月。肺癌临床分期Ⅰ期以下占82.9%,病理类型中93%为腺癌。发现肺结节的早晚与乳腺癌术后复查及随访有关。结论:乳腺癌首发的双原发性癌患者预后较好;同时手术治疗乳腺癌及肺癌是安全可行的;在异时性双原发性癌中,肺癌一般是在乳腺癌术后 5 年内发现的,乳腺癌术后规律及时的随访有助于肺癌早期发现。     

Use of stereotactic body radiation therapy for medically inoperable multiple primary lung cancer

Introduction: To review outcomes of medically inoperable patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 10 patients (21 lesions) treated with SBRT for synchronous (seven), metachronous (one) or synchronous/metachronous lung cancers. All patients were male, medically inoperable and had a median age of 66 years. Eight patients had bilateral disease and two had unilateral disease. All patients had a histological diagnosis in at least one of the two lesions and four patients (44.4%) had both lesions biopsied. There were 18 T1 lesions and three T2 lesions. SBRT was in three fractions of 20 Gy or five fractions of 11–12 Gy to each lesion. Results: Mean and median follow up were 18.8 and 15.5 months, respectively. At analysis, six patients (60.0%) are alive, and five of these living patients (83.3%) have no evidence of disease recurrence or progression. Four patients (44.4%) developed distant metastatic disease. Twenty lesions (95.2%) achieved in‐field local control. No patients experienced acute pulmonary complications and only two patients (22.2%) experienced late grade I lung toxicity as per the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity criteria. Conclusion: SBRT for MPLC in medically inoperable patients is a safe, feasible and effective treatment approach.     

47例老年肺癌中的多原发癌治疗和预后临床分析

目的:研究老年肺癌中多原发癌的临床治疗和预后。方法:回顾性复习281例经病理证实的老年肺癌,对其中47例多原发癌进行临床分析。结果:本组老年多原发癌占16.7%(47/281),多原发肺癌4.9%(14/281);多重癌异时性78.7%(37/47),同时性21.3%(10/47);双原发癌41例(87.2%),三原发癌5例(10.6%),五原发癌1例(2.1%)。初原发癌平均生存期10.6年,首、重癌间隔平均6.5年;重癌切除率61.7%(29/47),术后平均生存5.5年,>非手术者的2.2年。结论:原发癌治疗后生存3年以上的患者,将增加重复癌的发生。因此,对重复癌需要长期终身追踪,并尽可能手术切除治疗,以提高生存期。     

多原发癌中非小细胞肺癌27例的治疗探讨

目的：探讨多原发癌中的肺癌的诊断,治疗及预后。方法：2000年1月至2004年12月,共收治肺癌患者754例。对其临床资料进行了回顾性的分析。根据Warran和Gates提出的多原发癌的诊断标准,筛选出了27例多原发癌中的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）,并对其诊断、治疗及予后进行了总结。结果：27例患者中同时性者4例,异时性者23例。本组27例总的手术切除率为77.8%（21/27）,根治术为59.0%（16/27）,根治性术者1年生存率为80.0%,3年生存率为46.7%;姑息术者1年生存率为33.0%,3年生存率为11.0%。结论：有恶性肿瘤手术史者,特别是无瘤生存期超过两年者,当肺内出现孤立结节,或者无肿瘤病史者肺内不同肺叶,同时或异时出现孤立结节,纵隔及全身无转移癌者,要考虑到多原发癌中的肺癌的可能,应与肺转移癌鉴别,一旦确诊为原发肺癌,争取行根治术,以获取较好预后。     

Use of Oncogenic Driver Mutations in Staging of Multiple Primary Lung Carcinomas: A Single-Center Experience

ObjectiveThe staging of multiple pulmonary adenocarcinomas requires the distinction of intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM) from multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs). This can be challenging in some patients, and the addition of data from oncogenic driver mutations in these tumors may be helpful in this determination.MethodsAs a proof of principle, molecular driver results from primary tumors and their metastases in 45 patients were compared (cohort 1). Then, 69 patients with a total of 154 synchronous or metachronous lung carcinomas were identified, and the pathologic findings were compared with oncogenic driver mutation. Each patient was assigned a highest potential T or M category on the basis of clinical, histopathologic, and molecular findings (cohort 2).ResultsThe concordance rate of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and ALK receptor tyrosine kinase gene (ALK) mutations was 96% in cohort 1. In cohort 2, 36% of multiple same-lobe nodules were MPLCs, 40% were IPM, and 24% were noninformative by molecular findings. Of nodules with multiple lobe involvement, 81.5% were MPLCs and 7.4% were IPM, with 11% noninformative. Of metachronous tumors, 52.9% were MPLCs. Overall survival was 100% at 2 years, 95% at 3 years, and 80% at 4 years in patients with available follow-up.ConclusionsOncogenic driver mutations are concordant between primary tumors and metastasis. The largest proportion of MPLCs was seen in tumors of multiple lobes, but with a substantial proportion of MPLCs among single-lobe nodules and with metachronous tumors. Overall survival was higher than expected for the respective highest T or M category, which is in support of the high frequency of MPLC.     

合并肺癌的多原发恶性肿瘤70例临床病理特征分析北大核心

目的:探讨合并肺癌的多原发恶性肿瘤(multiple primary malignancies,MPM)患者临床病理特征。方法:收集2017年01月01日至2019年12月31日陕西省肿瘤医院收治的3438例肺癌患者病例资料,回顾性分析其中70例合并肺癌MPM患者的临床病理特征。结果:同时多原发肿瘤(synchronous MPM,SMPM)16例,异时多原发肿瘤(metachronous MPM,MMPM)54例,男女比例为1∶1.06(男34例,女36例);入组病例次原发肿瘤发生的年龄为(61.37±11.22)岁;初原发肿瘤和次原发肿瘤发生平均时间间隔77.09月;肺癌先发组(lung cancer first,LCF)和其他器官肿瘤先发组(other cancer first,OCF)中肺癌病理类型均以肺腺癌最为多见,共42例(60.00%);肺癌分期为Ⅳ期患者共38例(54.29%);62.86%(44/70)患者伴有肺门或纵隔淋巴结转移;吸烟患者更容易出现SMPM。男性OCF组的初原发肿瘤中胃癌比例最高(31.82%,7/22),而原发性乳腺癌在女性中OCF组比例最高(32.26%,10/31)。结论:无病生存期超过5年的肿瘤患者应长期随访监测多原发肿瘤的发生;初原发乳腺癌、宫颈癌、胃癌患者应加强次原发肺癌的筛查,初原发肺癌患者应加强双原发肺癌及次原发胃癌、食管癌的筛查,以尽早发现MPM的发生,规范治疗,争取治愈机会。     

High incidence of liver metastasis in gastric cancer with medullary growth pattern

We studied the histology of resected specimens from 71 gastric cancer patients with synchronous and metachronous liver metastasis to assess the predominance of a particular histological pattern in gastric cancer with a tendency for liver metastasis. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma manifesting a medullary growth pattern was the most frequent histologic pattern (33%), followed by papillary adenocarcinoma (28%) in 39 patients with synchronous liver metastasis. In 32 patients who developed metachronous liver metastasis as the main pattern of recurrence, papillary adenocarcinoma was most frequent (47%), followed by poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the medullary type (28%). Scirrhous carcinoma was not encountered in patients manifesting metachronous liver metastasis. As most of the papillary adenocarcinomas exhibited a medullary growth pattern, we hypothesize that gastric cancer of the medullary type tends to metastasize to the liver, irrespective of the basic histologic pattern, and that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the medullary type has a particularly high tendency for metastasizing to the liver.