2011年湛江市城区部分中小学生急救知识认知情况调查

[目的]了解中小学生的急救知识水平,以便给相关部门日后的工作提供有力的参考依据。[方法]2011年6月,在湛江市城区抽取部分中小学生进行调查。[结果]调查818名中小学生,认为急救知识非常重要的占82.03%,参加过急救培训相关活动的占18.82%,非常需要系统急救知识培训的占46.09%;知道对脊椎外伤如何正确摆放体位的占11.49%,知道什么是心肺复苏术的占8.07%。[结论]中小学生的急救知识知晓率普遍不高,急救能力欠缺。     

琼中县农村中小学生家长营养知识及饮食行为调查

目的了解农村中小学生家长营养知识水平及饮食行为情况,为开展家长营养教育提供理论依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取琼中县8所农村中小学校的家长进行问卷调查。结果 1 675名家长对《中国居民膳食指南》的知晓率为31.94%,不同文化程度、职业家长知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);营养知识平均得分为(54.13±24.31)分,不同职业、文化程度、亲缘关系、民族家长营养知识得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,文化程度是影响营养知识得分的重要因素。相关饮食行为中,60.18%的家长认为自己注重食物荤素搭配,牛奶和水果摄入偏少现象较普遍。结论农村中小学生家长营养知识水平和饮食行为有待改善,应加强对农村学生家长的营养教育。     

唐山市中小学生家长结核病防治知识调查

[目的]了解唐山市中小学生家长对结核病防治知识认知情况,以降低学校结核病的流行.[方法]自行设计知识问卷,对474名家长进行调查并行统计学分析.[结果]我市中小学生家长结核病防治知识总体知晓为50.89%,结核病的常见部位知晓率最高为97.26%,结核病归口管理含义知晓率最低,为16.67%.[结论]中小学生家长结核病防治知识总体知晓率较低,普及结核病防治知识刻不容缓.     

某理工院校大学生急救知识及干预结果分析

目的 了解理工科大学生心肺复苏和现场急救的知识和技能水平现状及需求,为高等院校开展相关教育工作提供思路和方法.方法 对某高校325名在校理工科大学生开展急救知识教育调查,并进行现场急救和心肺复苏知识技能的教育培训,于培训教育后再次调查,并将2次调查结果进行对比.结果 被测试大学生的心肺复苏和现场急救知识技能水平堪忧.经培训,学生的心肺复苏及其他急救知识水平提高明显,急救相关知识知晓率从学习前的29.7%上升至培训教育后的69.0%(P<0.01).结论 对大学生进行心肺复苏操作技能培训和急救知识教育十分必要,建议在全国高等院校普遍实施.     

浙江省中小学生家长伤害认知情况研究

目的了解浙江省中小学生家长对意外伤害及相关知识的了解程度,为伤害干预提供依据.方法选择浙江省4个县区,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,问卷调查41284位家长.结果 90%以上的家长听说过意外伤害,父母伤害知晓率明显高于爷爷奶奶外公外婆.93.34%的家长认为伤害对孩子的影响很大,97.28%的家长认为有必要对孩子进行各种安全教育,96.54%的家长认为学校应该开设预防意外伤害的教育.38.89%家长经常担心孩子发生意外伤害,75.18%的家长认为有必要进行意外伤害保险.家长们认为最容易发生伤害的前三位是跌伤、车祸和溺水.结论在制定中小学生意外伤害的预防干预措施时,应充分发挥家长的作用.     

深圳市社区居民急救知识与技能的健康教育效果评价

目的：了解深圳市社区居民急救知识与技能的掌握情况,评价院前急救知识培训效果。方法采用方便抽样的方法,从深圳市福田区抽取两个人口较稳定的社区为研究现场,通过对社区居民进行健教干预,对社区居民干预前后急救知识的知晓程度进行效果评价。结果进行急救知识技能的干预后,居民核心急救知识知晓率由30.53%上升到60.15%,急救行为形成率由10.39%增长为41.31%,健教干预前后居民急救知识的知晓率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);结果显示,年龄、文化程度、职业、培训间隔与最终培训效果有一定的相关性。结论社区居民急救知识和技能掌握现状不容乐观,通过对社区居民进行急救知识技能培训和健康教育,对不同年龄、文化程度和职业人群进行针对性干预,能够有效提高急救相关知识的知晓率和居民现场急救技能的操作能力。     

海南省三市县中小学生家长营养知识调查及对策分析

目的了解海南省三市县家长营养知识水平,分析影响因素,为中小学生家长的营养健康教育与干预提供理论依据。方法采用自行设计的营养知识问卷,应用分阶段抽样方式对3 742名家长进行问卷调查。结果海南省三市县家长膳食指南知晓率为28.89%,营养知识得分均值为(45.70±22.81)分。不同文化程度、不同职业、不同民族、不同区域之间家长膳食指南知晓率(HC=57.972、22.650、17.223、64.655,P0.01)和营养知识得分(F=123.516、12.457、15.992,46.889,P0.01)差异均有统计学意义。不同亲缘关系之间营养知识得分差异有统计学意义(F=4.430,P0.01)。Logistic分析发现,文化程度是影响膳食指南知晓率和营养知识得分的影响因素。结论家长营养知识水平普遍较低,提高中小学生家长文化素养,多方式强化家长营养知识水平势在必行。     

某县农村常住人口急救知识知晓率调查

目的了解某县农村人口急救知识知晓率水平,为制定针对性培训策略和方案提供参考。方法在某县随机抽取3个乡镇15个村≥18岁常住人口300人进行问卷调查。结果该县农村人口主要急救知识知晓率:心肺复苏为37.1%,但规范操作仅2.5%;止血内容达78.9%,选择传统伤口按压达73.9%,但正确处理止血仅0.7%;获得急救知识的主要途径为电视(84.6%)和生活经验(68.6%);求救行为、心肺复苏操作、止血知识及操作知晓率18～29岁、30～49岁组较高。结论应通过农村师资培训、多方位宣教、建立标准化的简单易学课程,针对农村务工人员把急救知识纳入岗前培训和企业准入条件,建立长效机制,以提高农村人口急救技能。     

昆山市中小学生健康素养知识竞赛结果分析

目的 利用居民健康素养评估学习系统,组织中小学生进行健康素养知识竞赛学习,从而了解昆山市中小学生健康素养状况.方法 登录居民健康素养评估学习系统后台,查询竞赛期间所有在线测试和考试记录,综合分析健康素养知识知晓率和行为认知正确率等情况.结果 昆山市中小学生平均分数为78.68,知识知晓率为73.97％,行为认知正确率为88.10％.结论 昆山市中小学生健康素养总体水平有待进一步提高,知识知晓率尚未达到江苏省健康促进学校评价标准,应继续加强学校健康教育管理,针对基本医疗、安全与急救知识等薄弱环节进行有的放矢的健康教育.     

上海市闸北区中小学生校内伤害现况调查

目的 了解中小学生校内意外伤害的发生现况及中小学生对校内伤害知识的相关认知,为开展中小学生校内伤害干预提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取闸北区2所中学和2所小学.采用定性与定量相结合的研究方法,定量研究通过自行设计的调查表对学生进行问卷调查,定性研究运用小组访谈方法对学生进行访谈.结果 中小学生校内伤害发生率为8.58％,人次发生率为11.97％,男生伤害发生率明显高于女生,中学生伤害发生率明显高于小学生.62.43％的学生知道伤害是儿童青少年最主要的死因,43.20％的学生接受过急救培训,91.24％的学生认为学校有必要开展伤害预防知识培训和安全教育活动.定性访谈反映运动伤害已成为学生校内伤害的主要类型.结论 应在中小学生中广泛开展伤害预防知识和技能培训,提高学生的伤害认知水平和急救技能,以控制学生校内伤害特别是运动伤害的发生.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.