妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症合并妊娠期高血压疾病及妊娠期糖尿病对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)合并妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)及妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2016年1-12月在常州市妇幼保健院住院分娩的212例ICP孕妇为ICP组,根据是否合并HDCP及GDM分为未合并组(不合并HDCP也不合并GDM)、单纯HDCP组(合并HDCP,不合并GDM)、单纯GDM组(合并GDM,不合并HDCP)、HDCP+GDM组(合并HDCP和GDM),随机抽取同期256例非ICP孕妇为对照组。比较两组孕妇一般情况、围产期结局、血清指标。结果两组分娩孕周、早产发生率、羊水Ⅱ度以上污染发生率、血清总胆汁酸(TBA)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。ICP组单纯HDCP及HDCP合并GDM发病率均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。两组孕妇单纯GDM发病率比较差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。单纯HDCP组、HDCP+GDM组新生儿出生体质量及分娩孕周均低于未合并组,早产发生率、剖宫产率、血清ALT和AST水平均高于未合并组(均P0. 05);单纯HDCP组、单纯GDM组血清TBA水平明显高于未合并组(均P0. 05);单纯GDM组巨大儿发生率明显高于未合并组(P0. 05);其他3组与未合并组新生儿性别、产后出血量、羊水Ⅱ度以上污染发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0. 05)。结论 ICP合并HDCP可导致孕妇不良妊娠结局。孕期应加强产检,及早发现ICP,尤其是合并HDCP及GDM的孕妇,密切关注孕妇妊娠情况,降低不良妊娠结局发生率,提高围生儿的出生质量。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇并发妊娠期高血压疾病的血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、HCY及血脂代谢分析

目的分析妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇并发妊娠期高血压疾病的临床血液指标,为临床早期判断提供参考。方法分析2011年4月-2014年4月于荆门市第一人民医院确诊的GDM孕妇300例,将其中并发妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)的104例孕妇设为观察组,将其余的196例GDM孕妇作为对照组。分析2组孕妇CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及血脂检查结果。结果观察组中IL-6、Hcy、TC、TG、LDL与GDM孕妇发生HDCP有明显的相关性(P0.01),观察组中CRP与GDM孕妇发生HDCP有较强的相关性(P0.05)。结论 GDM孕妇并发HDCP可能与IL-6、CRP、Hcy、TC、TG、LDL有一定的相关性。     

2007-2016年西宁地区妊娠期高血压疾病发病情况、危险因素及妊娠结局的调查

目的探讨2007-2016年西宁地区妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)的发病情况、危险因素及妊娠结局,了解西宁地区该疾病发病趋势,为临床进行健康宣教提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析2007年1月-2016年12月青海省人民医院24 599例妊娠孕妇临床资料,分析HDCP发病情况、HDCP的危险因素及对妊娠结局的影响。结果 HDCP发病率为3.61%,且发病率呈逐年增高趋势(P<0.05)。其中重度子痫前期发病率呈逐年升高趋势(P<0.05),轻度妊娠期高血压发病率近10年无明显变化(P>0.05)。对孕妇年龄、BMI、月收入、产次、流产史、文化程度、高血压家族史、孕期并发症、负面情绪、不良生活方式及双胎或多胎进行单因素分析,发现年龄、BMI、月收入、文化程度、高血压家族史、孕期并发症、负面情绪为妊娠期发生高血压疾病的危险因素(P<0.05)。对差异有统计学意义的单因素进行Logistic回归分析,发现BMI、文化程度、高血压家族史及负面情绪为妊娠期发生高血压疾病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。伴有妊娠期高血压的孕妇发生低体重儿、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、围生儿死亡的风险明显高于无妊娠期高血压孕妇(P<0.05)。结论西宁地区近10年HDCP发病率呈逐年增高趋势,且发病程度加重。妊娠期肥胖、文化程度低、高血压家族史及有负面情绪为发生HDCP的独立危险因素。妊娠期高血压可影响妊娠结局,应重视对HDCP的预防及保健。     

妊娠期高血压疾病及妊娠期糖尿病患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸测定及临床意义的研究

目的对高同型半胱氨酸血浆与妊娠期高血压疾病、糖尿病发病的相关性进行探讨。方法选择2011年1月至2013年1月,我院检查患有妊娠期高血压（HDCP）患者113例,妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者87例以及正常怀孕的孕妇100例。对三组妇女血浆中同型半胱氨酸的浓度进行检测,调查不良妊娠反应。结果血浆中同型半胱氨酸测量的浓度在妊娠期高血压疾病组、妊娠期糖尿病组、正常组存在差异,P〈0．05;跟踪三组的妊娠不良结局,差异具有统计意义,P〈0．05。结论HDCP与GDM组患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度上升可能与胰岛素抵抗相关,但这并不是导致妊娠不良后果的唯一因素。     

妊娠期糖尿病与妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇孕期体重变化及妊娠结局分析

目的探究妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)与妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)孕妇孕期体重变化情况及妊娠结局。方法选取2014年1月-2015年5月在该院进行妊娠期检查和分娩的孕产妇2 983例为研究对象,其中包括正常妊娠孕妇2 517例(A组)、GDM孕妇287例(B组)、HDCP孕妇126例(C组)和GDM合并HDCP孕妇53例(D组),对各组孕产妇孕10周、孕30周体重变化及妊娠结局进行比较。结果 4组孕妇年龄、孕10周、孕30周体重比较,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);4组孕10周、孕30周BMI及BMI变化值总体比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),且B、C、D组上述指标均分别显著高于A组(P均0.05),D组孕10周、孕30周BMI均分别显著高于B、C组(P均0.05);4组孕妇胎膜早破、早产、剖宫产、产后出血、巨大儿及新生儿黄疸发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);B、C、D组上述不良妊娠结局发生率均显著高于A组(P均0.05),且D组显著高于B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论孕早期肥胖、孕期体重增加过多以及高龄人群是发生GDM和HDCP的高危人群。GDM和HDCP使得孕产妇与婴儿出现不良妊娠结局的风险加大,因此应该对高危人群进行合理干预,改善孕产妇健康状况。     

妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压疾病患者孕晚期血浆凝血因子、D-二聚体水平变化及临床意义

目的研究妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)患者孕晚期血浆凝血因子、D-二聚体(DD)水平变化及临床意义,为患者的临床诊断提供指导。方法选取2017年3月-2018年3月于新疆维吾尔自治区妇幼保健院接受治疗的50例GDM患者及50例HDCP患者,并选取50例正常的孕晚期孕妇为对照组。观察并比较3组患者部分凝血活酶活化时间(APTT)、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)及DD水平。结果正常妊娠组与HDCP组PT、FIB、APTT水平比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。GDM组与HDCP组PT、FIB水平比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。正常妊娠组与HDCP组、GDM组DD水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。正常妊娠组均未出现不良妊娠结局;GDM组1例患者在第35周由于羊水过少、胎儿窘迫而行剖宫产,1例患者在第37周由于羊水过少进行剖宫产,产后均恢复正常;HDCP组1例患HELLP综合征的孕妇于孕36周由于羊水过少进行阴道引产分娩。结论GDM及HDCP患者孕晚期时具有血液高度凝结的倾向,而异常升高的DD水平可以预测不良妊娠结局。     

甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体表达对孕期甲状腺功能紊乱疾病及妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)表达对孕期甲状腺疾病及妊娠结局的影响,为临床诊治提供参考依据。方法选取2013年4月-2016年12月妊娠13～20周在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院南院产检和分娩的3 774例孕妇为研究对象,将TPOAb阳性(+)孕妇作为观察组,TPOAb阴性(-)孕妇作为对照组,分析妊娠期和分娩期的临床资料,探讨妊娠期TPOAb与甲功紊乱疾病的相关性以及对妊娠结局的影响。结果 TPOAb正常标准依照试剂说明书范围(34. 0 U/ml),甲功异常诊断标准依据2012年中华医学会内分泌学分会和中华医学会围产医学分会的《妊娠和产后期间甲状腺疾病诊疗指南》。在所有孕妇中,TPOAb (+)孕妇有278例,其中临床诊断甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)有7例(2. 52%),亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(亚甲减)发生22例(7. 91%),妊娠期甲状腺毒症9例(3. 24%),与TPOAb (-)组(3 496例)对比,发生率分别为甲减6例(0. 17%)、亚甲减81例(2. 32%)、妊娠期甲状腺毒症6例(0. 17%),差异有统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。TPOAb (+)的孕妇中,流产(2. 88%)、胎儿窘迫(13. 67%)、新生儿畸形(2. 16%)、妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)(6. 12%)、需要治疗的妊娠期糖尿病(GDM-A2)(1. 80%)及中重度贫血(2. 16%)的发生率明显高于TPOAb (-)组,差异有统计学意义(均P0. 05);早产、胎儿发育迟缓、新生儿窒息、围生儿死亡、妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、贫血、肝脏疾病及产后出血的发生率两组差异无统计学意义(均P0. 05)。TPOAb (+)甲功正常组孕妇的妊娠结局与甲功异常组孕妇相似,而妊娠期并发症明显多于TPOAb (-)组孕妇。结论 TPOAb (+)的孕妇,流产、胎儿窘迫、HDCP、中重度贫血和GDM等孕期并发症的发生明显高于TPOAb (-)的孕妇。值得关注的是妊娠中期单纯性TPOAb (+)、而甲功正常的孕妇,也容易发生不良妊娠结局。因此妊娠期检测TPOAb,可以加强甲功异常妊娠妇女的孕期管理,及时诊治,改善妊娠结局。     

妊娠期糖耐量异常对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)及妊娠糖耐量异常(G IGT)对妊娠结局的影响。方法:2 208例孕妇行50 g葡萄糖筛查(50 g GCT),对149例异常者行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),确诊糖耐量异常者(G IGT组)71例,妊娠期糖尿病者(GDM组)86例并与对照组300例分别比较妊娠结局。结果:50 g GCT阳性率为6.74%,G IGT及GDM检出率分别是3.22%和3.89%。GDM及G IGT两组患者妊娠期高血压疾病、羊水过多、巨大儿、剖宫产率、新生儿病率的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且两组对妊娠结局的影响无明显差异。结论:对所有孕妇进行50 g GCT,及早确诊GDM及G IGT,GDM与G IGT均能对妊娠造成不同程度的危害,应引起重视。     

妊娠期糖尿病血糖干预对母婴妊娠结局的影响研究

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇血糖水平的有效控制与母婴妊娠结局的关系。方法:对确诊的118例GDM患者,根据血糖水平控制满意情况分为血糖控制满意组(72例)和控制不良组(46例),并以120例正常孕妇为对照,比较3个组别的母婴妊娠并发症发生情况。结果:血糖控制不良组的妊娠期高血压疾病、羊水过多、酮症酸中毒、产后出血、剖宫产、早产、巨大儿、新生儿窒息、新生儿低血糖、高胆红素血症等并发症发生率均明显高于正常组(P<0.05),而控制不良组的妊娠期高血压疾病、剖宫产、巨大儿、新生儿窒息、新生儿低血糖、高胆红素血症的发生率也明显高于控制组(P<0.05)。结论:应重视GDM对母婴妊娠的危害,早期诊断和治疗,良好控制血糖水平,能有效降低妊娠并发症。     

妊娠期糖代谢异常和妊娠期糖尿病的妊娠结局分析

[目的]研究妊娠期糖代谢异常(GIGT)和妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对孕妇和新生儿的影响。[方法]在孕中期对729例孕妇进行50g糖耐量筛查(50gGCT),异常者再进行75g糖耐量试验。根据糖代谢异常情况分为妊娠期糖耐量异常组和妊娠期糖尿病组。其余为糖耐量正常组(NGT)。对这3组孕妇的妊娠结局进行监测。[结果]GDM组中妊娠期高血压疾病、胎膜早破、羊水过多、产后出血和剖宫产的发生率分别为21.1%、15.8%、10.5%、5.3%和63.2%;GIGT组分别为12.5%、12.5%、8.3%、4.2%和50%。与NGT组相比,GDM组和GIGT组的妊娠期高血压疾病、胎膜早破、羊水过多以及剖宫产的发生率都高于血糖正常组(P﹤0.05)。而与GDM组相比,GIGT组的妊娠期高血压疾病和羊水过多的发生率较低(P﹤0.05)。但是两组的胎膜早破、产后出血及剖宫产的发生率差别无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。GDM组的胎儿窘迫、巨大儿、早产儿、以及新生儿高胆红素血症和低血糖的发生率分别为5.3%、21.1%、15.8%、26.3%和15.8,都高于NGT组(P﹤0.05)。GIGT组的发生率也高于NGT组,分别为4.7%、12.5%、8.3%、12.5%和4.2%(P﹤0.05);但是与GDM组相比,GIGT组发生巨大儿、高胆红素血症和新生儿低血糖较少,低于GDM组(P﹤0.05)。[结论]妊娠期糖代谢异常和妊娠期糖尿病可以导致母儿并发症的增多,因此应当重视对孕妇糖代谢的筛查,加强糖耐量异常者的血糖控制,减少不良妊娠的发生。     

Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest dairy consumption and associated nutrients may be protective against some of the components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between consumption of a variety of dairy products and their related nutrients with obesity, central obesity, and MetS, and attempted to explain some of the ethnic differences in metabolic outcomes through dairy consumption using national data. DESIGN: Nationally representative indicators of obesity, central obesity, and MetS among US adults were constructed from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 data, including direct anthropometric assessments, blood pressure, and laboratory tests. Sample sizes ranged from 4519 for MetS to 14 618 for obesity. Associations between diet (assessed using 24-h recalls) and metabolic and other outcomes were tested using multivariate linear and logistic models and structural equation models. RESULTS: We found a significant inverse association between intake of whole milk, yogurt, calcium, and magnesium and metabolic disorders. Odds ratios for one more daily serving of yogurt and 100 mg Mg for MetS were 0.40 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.89) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.96), respectively. The opposite was found for intakes of cheese, low-fat milk, and phosphorus. Using structural equation models, ethnic differences in some MetS outcomes, such as body mass index and systolic blood pressure, were partly explained by variations in dairy-related nutrients. CONCLUSIONS: Various dairy products may have differential associations with metabolic disorders, including obesity. Ethnic differences in dairy consumption may explain in part the ethnic disparities in metabolic disorders in the US population.     

Expression of Jejunal Taste Receptors in Women with Morbid Obesity

Nutrient sensing plays important roles in promoting satiety and maintaining good homeostatic control. Taste receptors (TAS) are located through the gastrointestinal tract, and recent studies have shown they have a relationship with metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze the jejunal expression of TAS1R2, TAS1R3, TAS2R14 and TAS2R38 in women with morbid obesity, first classified according to metabolic syndrome presence (MetS; n = 24) or absence (non-MetS; n = 45) and then classified according to hepatic histology as normal liver (n = 28) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 41). Regarding MetS, we found decreased expression of TAS2R14 in MetS patients. However, when we subclassified patients according to liver histology, we did not find differences between groups. We found negative correlations between glucose levels, triglycerides and MetS with TAS1R3 expression. Moreover, TAS2R14 jejunal expression correlated negatively with the presence of MetS and ghrelin levels and positively with the jejunal Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 levels. Furthermore, TAS2R38 expression correlated negatively with TLR9 jejunal expression and IL-6 levels and positively with TLR4 levels. Our findings suggest that metabolic dysfunctions such as MetS trigger downregulation of the intestinal TASs. Therefore, taste receptors modulation could be a possible therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.     

The Potential of the Mediterranean Diet to Improve Mitochondrial Function in Experimental Models of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

The abnormal expansion of body fat paves the way for several metabolic abnormalities including overweight, obesity, and diabetes, which ultimately cluster under the umbrella of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Patients with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. The coexistence of distinct metabolic abnormalities is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, as components of low-to-medium grade systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Adopting healthy lifestyles, by using appropriate dietary regimens, contributes to the prevention and treatment of MetS. Metabolic abnormalities can influence the function and energetic capacity of mitochondria, as observed in many obesity-related cardio-metabolic disorders. There are preclinical studies both in cellular and animal models, as well as clinical studies, dealing with distinct nutrients of the Mediterranean diet (MD) and dysfunctional mitochondria in obesity and MetS. The term “Mitochondria nutrients” has been adopted in recent years, and it depicts the adequate nutrients to keep proper mitochondrial function. Different experimental models show that components of the MD, including polyphenols, plant-derived compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, can improve mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis, and antioxidant capacity. Such effects are valuable to counteract the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with obesity-related abnormalities and can represent the beneficial feature of polyphenols-enriched olive oil, vegetables, nuts, fish, and plant-based foods, as the main components of the MD. Thus, developing mitochondria-targeting nutrients and natural agents for MetS treatment and/or prevention is a logical strategy to decrease the burden of disease and medications at a later stage. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the effects of the MD and its bioactive components on improving mitochondrial structure and activity.     

Stability and Transformation of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: A Prospective Assessment in Relation to the Change of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Underlying pathophysiological mechanisms drive excessive clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, causing metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS status may transform as adolescents transition to young adulthood. This study investigated the latent clustering structure and its stability for MetS during adolescence, and assessed the anthropometric and clinical metabolic determinants for MetS transformation. A community-based representative adolescent cohort (n = 1516) was evaluated for MetS using four diagnostic criteria, and was followed for 2.2 years to identify new-onset MetS. The clustering structure underlying cardiometabolic parameters was stable across adolescence; both comprised a fat—blood pressure (BP)—glucose three-factor structure (total variance explained: 68.8% and 69.7% at baseline and follow-up, respectively). Among adolescents with MetS-negative at baseline, 3.2–4.4% had incident MetS after 2.2 years. Among adolescents with MetS-positive at baseline, 52.0–61.9% experienced MetS remission, and 38.1–48.0% experienced MetS persistence. Increased systolic BP (SBP) was associated with a high MetS incidence risk, while decreased levels of SBP and glucose were associated with MetS remission. Compared with adolescents with a normal metabolic status at baseline, those with an initial abdominal obesity and increased triglycerides level had a 15.0- and 5.7-fold greater risk for persistent abnormality, respectively. Abdominal obesity and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are two abnormal MetS components that highly persist during adolescence, and are the intervention targets for reducing the future risk of cardiometabolic disorders.     

Metabolic Syndrome,Cognitive Impairment and the Role of Diet: A Narrative Review

Background: This narrative review presents the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), along with its components, and cognition-related disorders, as well as the potential reversal role of diet against cognitive impairment by modulating MetS. Methods: An electronic research in Medline (Pubmed) and Scopus was conducted. Results: MetS and cognitive decline share common cardiometabolic pathways as MetS components can trigger cognitive impairment. On the other side, the risk factors for both MetS and cognitive impairment can be reduced by optimizing the nutritional intake. Clinical manifestations such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and increased central body adiposity are nutrition-related risk factors present during the prodromal period before cognitive impairment. The Mediterranean dietary pattern stands among the most discussed predominantly plant-based diets in relation to cardiometabolic disorders that may prevent dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and other cognition-related disorders. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that the consumption of specific dietary food groups as a part of the overall diet can improve cognitive outcomes, maybe due to their involvement in cardiometabolic paths. Conclusions: Early MetS detection may be helpful to prevent or delay cognitive decline. Moreover, this review highlights the importance of healthy nutritional habits to reverse such conditions and the urgency of early lifestyle interventions.     

Inverse Association of Plasma Molybdenum with Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Adult Population: A Case-Control Study

Molybdenum has been found to be associated with metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between molybdenum and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still unclear. A large case-control study was conducted in a Chinese population from the baseline of Ezhou-Shenzhen cohort. A total of 5356 subjects were included with 2678 MetS and 2678 controls matched by sex and age (±2 years). Medians (IQRs) of plasma molybdenum concentrations were 1.24 μg/L for MetS cases and 1.46 μg/L for controls. After adjustment for multiple covariates, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS were 1.00 (reference), 0.71 (0.59–0.84), 0.56 (0.46–0.68), and 0.47 (0.39–0.58) across quartiles of plasma molybdenum, and per SD increment of log-transformed molybdenum was associated with a 23% lower risk of MetS. In the spline analysis, the risk of MetS and its components decreased steeply with increasing molybdenum and followed by a plateau when the cutoff point was observed around 2.0 μg/L. The dose-dependent relationship of molybdenum with MetS remained consistent when considering other essential elements in the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model. In our study, higher plasma molybdenum was significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS, as well as its components, in a dose-response manner.     

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome occurrence: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Diet plays a role in the onset and progression of metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to systematically review and conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of results from observational cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies on adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of MetS. Literature databases including PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE were searched from the beginning to May 2016. Eight cross-sectional and four prospective studies were included in this meta-analysis, accounting for a total of 33,847 individuals and 6342 cases of MetS. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a risk of MetS (RR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.71, 0.92). Regarding individual components of the MetS, the inverse associations were significant for waist circumference, blood pressure and low HDL-C levels. In conclusion, adoption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of the MetS and it can be proposed for the primary prevention of the MetS.     

Role of Vitamin D in the Metabolic Syndrome

The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D has risen in developed countries over the past few years in association with lifestyle changes and an increase in unhealthy habits. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in various diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is clinically defined by a set of metabolic and vascular disorders. The objective of this study was to review scientific evidence on the relationship between MetS and vitamin D deficiency to support the development of prevention strategies and health education programs. An inverse relationship has been reported between plasma vitamin D concentrations and the features that define MetS, i.e., elevated serum concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin, and a high body mass index. Numerous studies have described the benefits of vitamin D supplementation to improve outcomes in individuals with MetS. Interventions to maintain optimal vitamin D concentrations are proposed as a preventive strategy against MetS.     

The effectiveness of IDF and ATP-III in identifying metabolic syndrome and the usefulness of these tools for health-promotion in older Taiwanese

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of IDF (International Diabetes Federation) and ATP-III (National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III) for predicting metabolic syndrome, and to evaluate the usefulness of these definitions for health promotion.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

A national random sample.

Participants

A population representative sample of 1021 54–91 year-old Taiwanese.

Measurements

Subjects were measured for anthropometric and biochemical indicators and rated for the presence of metabolic syndrome using the two definitions. We evaluated the effectiveness of the two definitions in predicting MetS among those who had specific metabolic disorders. Results were analyzed with Student t-test and McNemar’s test.

Results

Among the 918 subjects who had one or more MetS-item disorders, ATP-III rated greater proportions of subjects as having MetS than IDF, but both definitions predicted less than 50% (37.7% and 45.4%, respectively) as having MetS.

Conclusion

Compared to IDF, ATP-III rated a greater proportion of subjects as having MetS, but both definitions missed more than 50% of subjects who had metabolic disorder(s). Since those who are missed have as much need for lifestyle intervention, the definitions appear not appropriate for health promotion.     

Dietary total antioxidant capacity and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and its components after a 3-year follow-up in adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that dietary antioxidants could have favorable effects on the attenuation and prevention of metabolic disorders. In the current study we investigated the association of dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and the occurrence of the MetS during a 3-year follow-up. METHODS: This longitudinal study was conducted in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, between 2006-2008 and 2009-2011, on 1983 adults, aged 19-70 y. The usual intakes of participant were measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and dietary TAC was estimated at baseline. The MetS components were assessed at baseline and 3 years later. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of the MetS and its components according to dietary TAC quartile categories. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 40.4 +/- 13.0 y, and mean BMI was 27.03 +/- 4.9 kg/m2 at baseline. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, TAC was associated with MetS components at baseline. Participant with highest TAC score had lower weight and abdominal fat gain during the 3 year follow-up. The chance of having the MetS, abdominal obesity and hypertension after 3 years decreased across the increasing dietary TAC quartile (P for trend < 0.01). Dietary TAC more than 1080 mumolTE/100 g of food, resulted in a 38 % decrease in the risk of central obesity (OR = 0.62, 95 % CI = 0.38-0.99). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that higher dietary antioxidant intakes have favorable effects on metabolic disorders and, more interestingly, prevent subsequent weight and abdominal fat gain during a 3-year follow-up.