生理性大视杯视盘形态结构参数的研究

目的 观察生理性大视杯视盘的结构参数特征。 方法 海德堡断层扫描仪对100 只生理性大视杯眼和74只正常视杯眼的视盘进行断层扫描，对比分析两组之间视盘面积、视杯面积、杯盘面积比、盘沿面积、视杯容积、盘沿容积、平均杯深、最大杯深、杯形测量、 轮廓线高度变化、平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度、视网膜神经纤维层横截面积等视盘结构参数差异，分析生理性大视杯眼视盘上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧4个象限的特征。 结果 生理性大视杯眼视盘面积、视杯面积、杯盘面积比、视杯容积、平均视杯深度、杯形测量、最大视杯深度测量值均显著大于正常视杯眼；轮廓线高度变化、平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度、视网膜神经纤维层横截面积测量值显著小于正常视杯眼。盘沿面积鼻侧大于上方，盘沿容积颞侧显 著小；视网膜神经纤维层横截面积测量值按上、下、鼻、颞侧递减。 结论 生理性大视杯视盘结构参数特征表现为视盘面积显著大于正常视杯眼，盘沿面积鼻侧大于上方；平均 视网膜神经纤维层厚度较正常视杯眼薄。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：213-216）     

海德堡激光眼底扫描仪对POAG患者视盘结构的研究分析

目的:评价海德堡激光眼底扫描仪(HRT-Ⅲ)对原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)不同发展阶段的诊断能力。方法:采用海德堡激光眼底扫描仪对POAG患者65例116眼和正常人60例114眼进行视盘断层扫描获取视盘结构各参数;将正常人和POAG患者以及各期POAG患者的视盘参数进行对比分析;将POAG患者的视盘结构参数与视野平均缺损值进行相关分析。结果:POAG患者与正常人的视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、盘沿容积、杯盘面积比、盘沿视盘面积比、线性杯盘比、平均视杯深度、最大视杯深度、平均RNFL厚度的差异有统计学意义。早期、进展期、晚期POAG患者的视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、盘沿容积、杯盘面积比、盘沿视盘面积比、线性杯盘比、平均视杯深度、平均视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度的差异有统计学意义。POAG患者的视杯面积、视杯容积、杯盘面积比、线性杯盘比、平均视杯深度与视野平均缺损值呈正相关,而盘沿面积、盘沿容积、盘沿视盘面积比、平均RNFL厚度则与视野平均缺损值呈负相关。结论:HRTⅢ能够有效地反映POAG各阶段的视盘改变,与视野相关性好,为POAG的诊断提供了依据。     

非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变视盘形态学定量研究

目的 研究非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(NAION)视盘形态结构特征,探讨 NAION 的发病机制.方法 应用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪(HRT)对71例NAION患者对侧未发病眼及69名正常人随机选择一眼的视盘进行检测,对NAION患者和正常人的视盘参数进行比较分析.结果 NAION组视盘面积,视杯面积,杯盘面积比,平均视杯深度,最大视杯深度,视杯形态测量均小于正常对照组(P<0.05. NAION患者与正常组盘沿面积无差异(P>0.05. NAION组杯盘面积比小于等于0.2占91.5%,而对照组占40.6%,其中NAION组无视杯为14例,对照组仅为1例,NAION组无视杯的发生率明显高于对照组;两组杯盘面积比分布的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 小视盘,小视杯及浅视杯是NAION患者视盘的形态学特点,也是导致NAION的解剖基础.     

视神经炎的临床特征分析及早期视盘和黄斑的改变

目的　研究视神经炎患者的临床特征及早期视盘和黄斑的改变。方法　回顾性分析山西省眼科医院视神经炎患者67例85眼。分析患者基本情况、眼科检查结果及OCT检查结果。结果　67例85眼中，男24例，女43例；28例（41.8%）发生于冬季；49眼（57.6%）入院时最佳矫正视力小于1.7 logMAR。视神经脊髓炎抗体阳性者出院和入院时的最佳矫正视力均较髓鞘少突胶质糖蛋白抗体阳性者差。患眼较健眼视盘周围神经纤维层增厚，杯盘面积比、杯盘垂直比、杯盘水平比、杯容积减小，盘沿面积、视盘面积增大（均为P=0.000）；与健眼相比，患眼早期上方、下方和平均黄斑区神经节细胞层厚度及黄斑区神经节细胞复合体的局部丢失体积、整体丢失体积均未发生明显改变（均为P＞0.05）。视盘水肿与患眼平均视盘周围神经纤维层厚度存在正相关（r=0.728，P=0.000）。结论　视神经炎多发生于女性，早期视力损害严重，视神经脊髓炎抗体阳性者视力预后差。早期由于视盘水肿，视盘周围神经纤维层增厚，盘沿面积、视盘面积增大；杯容积、杯盘比减小，早期病变未累及黄斑区。     

HRT视盘参数在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的作用

目的:在众多海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪(heidelberg retina tomogragh,HRT)测定的视盘参数中,筛选出最有助于青光眼早期诊断的视盘参数。方法:用HRT测定23例视野损害较轻的青光眼患者和23例正常人的视盘参数(杯盘面积比、盘沿面积、盘沿容积、视杯容积、视杯形态测量、视杯高度变异轮廓和平均神经纤维层厚度)作逐步判别分析。结果:盘沿面积和杯盘面积比对青光眼早期诊断最有帮助,其诊断敏感度和特异度分别为87%和96%。结论:本组资料盘沿面积和杯盘面积比是区分青光眼和正常眼最好的判别因素。     

原发性慢性闭角型青光眼与正常眼HRT-Ⅱ视盘形态结构的对比研究

目的 比较慢性闭角型青光眼（chronic angle-closure glaucoma,CACG）和正常眼视盘形态结构参数之间的差异,评价HRT-Ⅱ在原发性慢性闭角型青光眼早期诊断中的意义方法 用Heidelberg视网膜断层扫描仪（Heidelberg retina tomograph,HRT）对早期、进展期CACG 36例（60只眼）及正常人30例（60只眼）的视盘进行断层扫描,获得视盘平均地形图像和视盘结构诸参数.结果 CACG与正常人视盘结构各参数中视杯面积、杯盘面积比、盘沿面积、视杯容积、盘沿容积、视杯形态测量、平均视神经纤维层厚度及视神经纤维层横截面积存在明显差异.结论 HRT-Ⅱ能够反映慢性闭角型青光眼视盘改变,为临床早期诊断CACG提供依据.     

傅立叶OCT和海德堡激光眼底扫描仪在开角型青光眼早期诊断中的应用

背景研究表明,视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）缺损是青光眼早期损害的重要表现,如何准确地定量检测RNFL的厚度变化是青光眼早期诊断及监测青光眼病情进展的关键步骤之一。目的对傅立叶OCT、海德堡激光眼底扫描仪（HRT—Ⅲ）测量青光眼患者的RNFL厚度以及视盘的各项参数进行分析,对二者在青光眼早期诊断中的作用进行临床评价。方法收集可疑开角型青光眼（SOAG）患者26例40眼、原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）患者29例48眼以及正常对照组27例48眼。应用傅立叶OCT、HRT—Ⅲ、Humphrey 750-i型全自动视野计对所有研究对象分别进行视盘面积,视杯面积,杯盘面积比,盘沿面积,盘沿容积,视盘上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧象限的RNFL厚度等参数测定和视野检查,对不同受检者测得的各项参数进行分析和比较,分别与视野平均缺损值做相关分析,评价不同参数对于青光眼RNFL损伤的诊断价值。结果傅立叶OCT和HTR—Ⅲ检测对正常对照组检查结果均证实RNFL从厚到薄依次为视盘下方、上方、颞侧、鼻侧象限,SOAG组和POAG组RNFL厚度变薄的顺序依次为视盘下方、上方、颞侧、鼻侧象限,各部位厚度改变的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,SOAG组和POAG组患者盘沿面积、杯盘面积比、视杯面积、盘沿容积与正常对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对3组患者的检测表明,傅立叶OCT与HTR-Ⅲ检测视盘上方象限、下方象限的测定之间存在着正相关关系（r=0．362、r=0．441、r=0．395,P〈0．05）;2种检查方法所测得3个组视杯容积、视杯面积、盘沿容积、杯盘面积比呈正相关（P〈0．05）。在POAG组中,傅立叶OCT测得视盘参数中的盘沿面积、盘沿容积、视杯容积、杯盘面积比与视野的平均缺损值间的相关系数分别为0．284、0．286、0．340、0．371（P〈0．05）;HRT-Ⅲ测得视盘参数中的盘沿面积、盘沿容积、杯盘面积比与视野的平均缺损值间的相关系数分别为0．339、0．859、0．422（P〈0．05）。结论傅立叶OCT和HRT-Ⅲ检测的视盘参数结果接近,且均与视野的平均缺损值有较好的相关性;所检测杯盘面积比、盘沿面积和视盘上方象限、下方象限的RNFL厚度的改变在青光眼早期诊断中均有重要价值。     

视网膜色素变性患者视盘神经纤维层厚度及视盘参数的前瞻性研究

目的：探析视网膜色素变性(RP)患者视盘神经纤维层厚度及视盘参数的研究。

方法：临床选择2015-04/2016-04本院收治的视网膜色素变性患者40例80眼为观察组,同期选择体检健康者40例80眼作为研究对照,全部研究对象进行OCT检查,比较RP患眼组与正常对照组的颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方各象限的视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer, RNFL)厚度、盘沿体积、视杯体积、杯盘垂直径比、杯盘水平直径比、杯盘面积比、盘沿面积、视杯面积、视盘面积等视盘参数。

结果：RP患眼组的全周、鼻侧、颞侧、上方、下方CP-RNFL厚度显著高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); RP患眼组的盘沿体积、视盘体积、C/D垂直直径比、C/D水平直径比、C/D面积比、盘沿面积、视杯面积、视盘面积等视盘参数指标显著高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：视网膜色素变性患眼的颞侧、鼻侧RNFL厚度、全周RNFL平均厚度与健康体检者相比均增厚,而其视杯体积、杯盘垂直直径比、杯盘水平直径比、杯盘面积比、视杯面积、视盘面积增大。     

大视杯与早期青光眼视盘形态的对比研究

目的了解海德堡视网膜断层扫描(HRT-Ⅱ)视盘参数对青光眼早期视盘变化的灵敏性。设计横断面调查研究。研究对象 21例(36眼)生理性大视杯(C／D≥0．7)和27例(31眼)早期青光眼(C／D≥0.7、MD≤3dB)。方法对所有入选的患者进行视野及HRT-Ⅱ检测,对两组患者的视盘诸参数进行比较。主要指标 HRTⅡ检测的视盘诸参数,包括视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、盘沿容积、杯盘面积比、平均视杯深度、最大视杯深度、视杯形态测量、视杯高度变异轮廓、平均视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度和视神经纤维层横断面积。结果 HRTⅡ参数中,生理性大视杯组的盘沿面积、盘沿容积、平均RNFL厚度、RNFL 横断面积的值比早期青光眼组大,差异有显著性(t=2．247-3．714,P=0.000-0．028)。结论在鉴别早期青光眼与生理性大视杯时, 应重点关注上述HRT-Ⅱ参数。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤患者视盘及视网膜神经纤维层的形态研究

目的 分析鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的视盘参数特征及视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层（pRNFL）厚度的变化。设计 回顾性病例系列。 研究对象 2010年7月至2011年12月北京天坛医院鞍结节脑膜瘤患者40例（80眼）、正常对照40例（80眼）和青光眼患者40例（80眼）。方法 采用眼底照相和相干光断层扫描（OCT）测量视盘及不同象限pRNFL厚度,比较鞍结节脑膜瘤患者与正常对照组和青光眼组的视盘参数及pRNFL厚度,分析视盘参数改变与肿瘤大小的相关性。主要指标 视盘形态、视盘面积、杯盘面积比、水平杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、盘沿面积、视杯面积,视杯体积和不同象限pRNFL厚度。结果 鞍结节脑膜瘤组的杯盘面积比、水平杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、视杯面积和视杯体积与正常对照组相比均明显增大,而盘沿面积明显减小（P均=0.000）;且杯盘面积比、水平杯盘比、盘沿面积和盘沿体积与青光眼组相比均较大,而垂直杯盘比、视杯面积和视杯体积较青光眼组明显减小（P均=0.000）。肿瘤组视盘周围不同象限pRNFL厚度分别为上方颞侧（124.022±26.100）μm,上方鼻侧（105.856±23.410）μm,鼻侧上方（75.784±19.260）μm,鼻侧下方（65.983±15.708）μm,下方鼻侧（105.915±25.526）μm,下方颞侧（133.591±24.429）μm,颞侧下方（76.592±19.679）μm,颞侧上方（77.352±26.100）μm,与正常对照组相比差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;与青光眼组相比上方鼻侧象限不具有统计学意义（P=1.114）,其余象限均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。鞍结节脑膜瘤盘沿体积与肿瘤大小相关（r=0.492,P=0.011）。结论 鞍结节脑膜瘤视盘形态表现为颞侧变窄、颜色变淡,pRNFL厚度与正常人群比较下方鼻侧变薄最明显,与青光眼组相比除上方鼻侧外其他各象限均变薄,下方颞侧最明显。     

Retinal tomographic measurements in optic disc pit

Background: The aim was to assess the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II measurements in optic disc pit. Methods: The study included 10 patients with a unilateral optic disc pit. The patients had no other ocular conditions except refractive errors. Normal fellow eyes of the patients were used as a control group. Optic nerve head topographic analyses were performed using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT II). Results: The topographic parameters of the eyes with optic disc pit and normal fellow eyes were as follows, respectively: disc area (3.77 ± 1.50 and 3.07 ± 0.83 mm²), cup area (1.99 ± 1.71 and 1.09 ± 0.54 mm²), rim area (1.67 ± 0.55 and 1.87 ± 0.75 mm²), cup volume (0.94 ± 1.24 and 0.34 ± 0.27 mm³), rim volume (0.51 ± 0.40 and 0.55 ± 0.19 mm³), mean cup depth (0.44 ± 0.20 and 0.31 ± 0.11 mm) and mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (0.25 ± 0.20 and 0.28 ± 0.59 mm). Eyes with an optic disc pit were found to have significantly larger disc area compared to fellow eyes (p = 0.038). All the other parameters showed no statistically significant interocular differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the optic disc pit affects only the disc area measurement in HRT II. Other changes in optic nerve head morphometric parameters were insignificant. The clinician must be careful in the evaluation of HRT II results with respect to optic disc area in a disc with a pit.     

浅视杯小视盘与前部缺血性视神经病变发病的关系

目的 观察非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(NAION)患者视盘视杯形态特征与发病的关系.方法 符合NAION诊断标准,病史≥3个月,水肿消退期的96例NAION患者的96只患眼、96只对侧眼和80只正常对照眼纳入研究.应用德国Carl Zeiss公司Humphrey2000型光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查系统进行"十字交叉"和"环形"扫描,分别测量视盘、视杯水平垂直直径、视杯深度及视盘周围(盘周)视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度,依OCT视杯深浅形态图像分为4级:Ⅰ级,视杯底部高于盘周神经上皮层前表面水平;Ⅱ级,视杯底部高于盘周神经上皮层面水平;Ⅲ级,视杯底部位于盘周神经上皮层面与脉络膜色素上皮水平之间;Ⅳ级,视杯底部位于脉络膜色素上皮水平连线之下,对视杯分级情况和各组测量数值进行统计分析.随访观察6个月～3年,平均随访观察15个月.结果 患眼、对侧眼、正常对照眼视盘水平扫描直径分别为(1.29±0.19)、(1.32±0.17)、(1.40±0.15)mm,垂直扫描直径分别为(1.52 4±0.14)、(1.49±0.17)、(1.60±0.22)mm.患眼、对侧眼视盘水平扫描直径平均值与正常对照眼视盘水平扫描直径平均值比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.291,3.315;P<0.05);视盘垂直扫描直径平均值与正常对照眼垂直扫描直径平均值比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.812,3.654;P<0.05);患眼视盘水平、垂直扫描直径平均值与对侧眼视盘水平、垂直扫描直径平均值比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.153,1.335;P>0.05).患眼中Ⅰ级视杯者36只眼,占37.50%,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级视杯者52只眼,占54.17%,Ⅳ级视杯者8只眼,占8.33%,Ⅰ～Ⅲ级视杯者共88只眼,占91.67%;对侧眼中Ⅰ级视杯者18只眼,占18.75%,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级视杯者69只眼,占71.88%,Ⅳ级视杯者9只眼,占9.34%,Ⅰ～Ⅲ级视杯者87只眼,占90.66%.依颞侧、上、鼻、下各象限顺序患眼RNFL测量平均值与对侧眼、正常对照眼比较,差异有统计学意义(t=12.862,10.147,15.046,8.180,12.859,9.562,12.174,8.632;P<0.001);对侧眼与正常对照眼各象限RNFL厚度平均值比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.040,1.576,1.062,1.192;P>0.05).在观察期内,患眼8只眼复发,其视杯为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级形态;对侧眼44只眼发病,占45.8%,相关性分析显示发病率和视杯深度呈负相关(t=-0.757,P=0.000).结论 NAION患跟及对侧眼视杯及视盘明显小于正常人,浅视杯和小视盘的解剖学特点是NAION发病的基础之一.     

Optic disc evaluation by optical coherence tomography in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics of the optic nerve head (ONH) in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and compare them with control subjects by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Patients with NAION underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including OCT scanning of the ONH at diagnosis. The examination was repeated 1.5, 3, and 6 months later. Age- and sex-matched control subjects with no ocular disease underwent a similar evaluation. Data were obtained by using the ONH analysis protocol of the StratusOCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). RESULTS: Twenty-three patients and 23 control subjects were included. In eyes with NAION, the vertical integrated rim area decreased significantly (P < 0.01) from the acute phase to the 6-month visit. The cup-to-disc (C/D) area ratio increased significantly (P = 0.002) from the acute examination to the 3-month visit. There was a significant difference between the NAION fellow eyes and the control eyes in C/D ratio, evaluated by slit lamp funduscopy (P < 0.001), and in the C/D area ratio (P = 0.001). The vertical integrated rim area was significantly (P = 0.001) greater in NAION fellow eyes than in control eyes. There was no significant difference in optic disc area or vertical disc diameter among the control eyes, NAION-affected eyes, and NAION fellow eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Although patients with NAION have lower C/D ratios than does the normal population, with a higher level of nerve fiber crowding, there was no difference in optic disc size between patients with NAION and control subjects. After the development of NAION, 47.8% of eyes had a C/D ratio that differed from that in the fellow eye by more than 0.1.     

非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变患者发病的相关因素研究

目的：：探讨非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变患者发病的相关因素与长期改变。方法：选取我院2010-01/2015-06期间收治的非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变患者360例为病变组,另外选取同期于我院体检的健康人群400例为对照组。统计患者临床资料,并行光学相干断层扫描。结果：病例组和对照组在性别比例、糖尿病史、高血压史、动脉硬化史、视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、杯/盘面积比、水平杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、空腹血糖( FBG)和甘油三酯(TG)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性、糖尿病史、高血压史、动脉硬化史、视盘面积、视杯面积、杯/盘面积比、水平杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、FBG和TG是非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变的独立危险因素。病例组发病6、12、18 mo的上方、鼻侧、下方、颞侧和全周视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),病例组不同病程患者之间各参数比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：男性、糖尿病史、高血压史、动脉硬化史、视盘面积、视杯面积、杯/盘面积比、水平杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、FBG和TG是非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变的独立危险因素,远期RNFL损害可能无进一步加重。     

海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪测量正常人视盘参数

目的 :建立正常人群海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪 (Heidelbergretinatomograph ,HRT)视盘参数的正常值 ,明确哪些因素对正常人HRT视盘参数有影响。方法 :选用 10 2例 (13 2只眼 )正常人 ,用HRT进行视盘扫描 ,视盘参数包括视盘面积、视杯面积和容积、盘沿面积和容积、视杯形态、视杯平均深度和最大深度、杯 /盘面积比、沿 /盘面积比、平均视网膜神经纤维层(retinalnervefiberlayer,RNFL)厚度和横截面积、水平C/D和垂直C/D。计算正常人视盘参数范围 ,用直线回归的方法判断视盘大小和年龄对视盘参数的影响。结果 :正常人左右眼和男女间视盘各参数差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5)。年龄与RNFL厚度及横截面积呈负相关 ,相关系数分别为 -0 2 3 4和 -0 2 3 5,其余各参数与年龄无关。盘沿容积和视杯最大深度不受视盘大小的影响 ,其余各参数均与视盘大小呈线性相关。结论 :HRT可定量检测正常人视盘参数 ;正常人视盘参数变异很大 ,盘沿容积不受视盘大小的影响 ,是一个区分正常与早期青光眼的很好的参数     

Comparing glaucomatous optic neuropathy in primary open angle and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma eyes by optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE: To comparatively evaluate the optic nerve head (ONH) using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in normal subjects, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG) patients. METHODS: A total of 138 normal eyes (138 subjects) and 139 glaucomatous eyes (139 patients), were evaluated in this cross-sectional observational study. The ONH was imaged on OCT using the optic disc scan. Disc area, cup area, rim area, vertical integrated rim area (VIRA), rim volume (horizontal integrated rim volume), average cup/disc ratio, horizontal and vertical cup/disc ratios, and cup volume were evaluated. Additionally, cup depth and slope of the temporal ONH were also measured. These ONH parameters were compared between normal subjects and eyes with early POAG and CPACG. Correlation of mean deviation and corrected pattern standard deviation on full threshold 30-2 perimetry, with measured ONH parameters was carried out amongst the two groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in disc area (2.38 +/- 0.5, 2.77 +/- 0.4, 2.62 +/- 0.4 mm(2), p < 0.01), cup area (0.88 +/- 0.6, 1.99 +/- 0.7, 1.60 +/- 0.7 mm(2), p < 0.01), rim area (1.48 +/- 0.4, 0.86 +/- 0.4, 0.96 +/- 0.4 mm(2), p < 0.01), VIRA (1.64 +/- 0.3, 1.23 +/- 0.3, 1.22 +/- 0.4 mm(2), p < 0.01), rim volume (0.34 +/- 0.2, 0.1 +/- 0.1, 0.15 +/- 0.1 mm(3), p < 0.01) and cup/disc ratio (0.36 +/- 0.2, 0.69 +/- 0.1, 0.63 +/- 0.2, p < 0.01) in normal vs POAG vs CPACG eyes respectively. A comparison of ONH parameters between early POAG and early CPACG showed a significant difference in the disc area (2.85 +/- 0.3, 2.57 +/- 0.4 mm(2), p = 0.03), cup area (2 +/- 0.5, 1.34 +/- 0.5 mm(2), p < 0.01), rim area (0.96 +/- 0.4, 1.21 +/- 0.5 mm(2), p = 0.009), rim volume (0.12 +/- 0.1, 0.18 +/- 0.1 mm(3), p < 0.01) and cup/disc ratio (0.67 +/- 0.1, 0.53 +/- 0.2, p < 0.01). The parameters with the highest area under the receiver operator characteristic (AROC) curves for differentiating normal and early POAG eyes were rim volume, 0.89, VIRA, 0.84, and rim area, 0.76. The AROC values (normal vs early CPACG eyes) were 0.75 for rim volume, 0.72 for VIRA, and 0.66 for rim area. CONCLUSION: OCT may serve as a useful diagnostic modality in distinguishing a normal optic disc from a glaucomatous one, even in the early stages of glaucoma. Rim volume, VIRA and rim area can be used to differentiate normal from early glaucoma (both early POAG and CPACG), and most efficiently early POAG eyes. CPACG eyes have smaller discs, a smaller cup, smaller cup/disc ratio, and a larger rim area when compared with eyes with POAG.     

Fractal analysis of fluoroangiographic patterns in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis: a pilot study

Background:  To evaluate by means of fractal analysis the vascular pattern of the optic nerve head obtained by fluorescein angiogram, in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and optic neuritis (ON).
Methods:  Twenty-nine patients at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Siena, diagnosed as having either NAION or ON by clinical and instrumental criteria, were prospectively subjected to fractal analysis: 11 patients with NAION and 18 patients with ON. In the ON group, 12 patients showed optic disc oedema, whereas six patients showed no optic disc oedema. The unaffected eyes of six patients with NAION and of seven patients with ON associated with optic disc oedema served as controls.
Results:  The mean fractal dimension D was 1.84 ± 0.09 in the NAION group, 1.92 ± 0.04 in the ON group with optic disc oedema, 1.86 ± 0.04 in the ON group without optic disc oedema and 1.63 ± 0.06 in the control group; all case groups showed significantly higher values than controls ( P  < 0.01). Among the case groups, the ON group with optic disc oedema showed a significantly higher mean fractal dimension value than the others ( P  < 0.01).
Conclusions:  Our data suggest that eyes with ON and NAION seem to have increased vascular complexity in the optic nerve head, manifested as an increase in fractal dimension.     

Assessment of optic disc parameters among healthy adult Malays by Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph II

Background: This study aims to assess the optic disc characteristics in healthy adult Malays and to correlate them with age, gender and refractive errors. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Participants: A total of 200 voluntary participants (106 women and 94 men) among Malay students aged 20 to 37 years at Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: The relationship between Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph parameters with age, gender and refractive error were analysed with correlation tests and multiple linear regression analyses. Main Outcome Measures: Twelve parameters, that is, disc area, rim area, cup area, cup to disc area, cup volume, rim volume, height variation contour, cup shape measure, mean cup depth, maximum cup depth, mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and retinal nerve fibre layer cross‐sectional area. Results: Disc area, rim area and cup : disc area ratio averaged 2.24 ± 0.52 (mean ± standard deviation), 1.64 ± 0.32 and 0.25 ± 0.12 mm², respectively. Five parameters (disc area, cup area, cup volume, cup : disc area ratio and mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness) showed statistically significant difference between men and women. Age was negatively and significantly correlated with rim area with coefficient r = ?0.21, P = 0.003. All optic disc parameters were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with disc area, except cup shape measure. Conclusions: One or more of optic disc parameters were affected significantly by age, gender and disc area in healthy adult Malays' eyes. These factors need to be considered during the evaluation of optic disc.     

非动脉炎型前部缺血性视神经病变的光相干断层扫描特征

目的 观察非动脉炎型前部缺血性视神经病变(NAl0N)患者视盘及盘周视网膜神经纤维(RNFL)厚度变化特征.方法 利用光相干断层扫描(OCT)对NA10N患者96例108只眼的视盘进行环形和十字交叉纵横扫描,分析患者视盘及盘周RNFL厚度变化.其中,水肿期96例96只眼,水肿消退期37例41只眼.同时选取单眼发病患者的84只对侧健康眼作为对照.随访时间2周～24个月,平均随访时间6个月. 结果视盘水肿期患者十字交叉纵横扫描显示,盘周RNFL较对侧健康眼增厚,59只眼非缺血区RNFL增厚更显著,即盘周RNFL厚度非缺血区大于缺血区,占视盘水肿期患者的61%,26只眼缺血区RNFL厚度大于非缺血区,非缺血区RNFL厚度在正常范围,占视盘水肿期患者的27%;11例11只眼盘周缺血区与非缺血区RNFL厚度无差异,隆起厚度均大于对侧健康眼厚度,占视盘水肿期患者的12%.十字交叉纵横扫描显示,除视杯狭窄较浅或无杯的形态外,其他与环形扫描一样均显示以视盘缺血区水肿消退最快,平均时间为2周左右,而非缺血区水肿消退时间为3～6周.水肿消退期患者在水肿消退1个月内视盘缺血区RNFL均变薄,其厚度低于非缺血区和对侧健康眼,占本期患者的95%;在水肿消退≥3个月时,26例患者整个盘周RNFL厚度≤对侧健康眼,视盘缺血区与非缺血区RNFL均表现为持续性萎缩性薄变,且盘周缺血区RNFL厚度薄于非缺血区;占本期患者的70%. 结论NAION水肿期盘周RNFL厚度较对侧健康眼增厚,且多数患者非缺血区高于缺血区;水肿消退期盘RNFL厚度均低于对侧健康眼.