三种经尿道术式治疗腺性膀胱炎的疗效观察

目的 比较经尿道电切术、钬激光术及选择性绿激光术治疗腺性膀胱炎的安全性和疗效.方法 105例经膀胱镜病理活检证实的腺性膀胱炎患者,其中经尿道电切治疗30例,钬激光治疗33例,经尿道选择性绿激光治疗42例,术后均予以常规丝裂霉素膀胱灌注化疗,对手术时间、术中出血、术后导尿管放置时间、手术并发症及随访1年病情变化进行比较分析.结果 钬激光组、绿激光组的手术时间、术中出血量、留置导尿时间、手术并发症例数方面明显优于电切组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后1年疗效比较,钬激光组、绿激光组的治愈率、有效率、术后复发率明显优于电切组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 经尿道钬激光、选择性绿激光结合丝裂霉素膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎手术比经尿道电切联合丝裂霉素疗法复发率低,疗效满意.钬激光、绿激光均是治疗腺性膀胱炎的理想的工具.     

钬激光与传统手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床对照研究

目的比较钬激光与传统手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床效果。方法2005年3月~2006年12月,对226例(274条患肢)下肢静脉曲张分别采用钬激光治疗120例(148条患肢)(钬激光组),传统大隐静脉高位结扎加抽剥术106例(126条患肢)(传统组)。结果与传统组相比,钬激光组手术时间短[(38.0±10.8)minvs(61.5±12.3)min,t=-15.294,P=0.000],术后需止痛剂患者比例少[0%(0/120)vs54.7%(58/106),χ2=88.329,P=0.000],下床活动早[(6.2±0.8)hvs(22.5±1.5)h,t=-105.034,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[(3.0±0.5)dvs(8.5±2.5)d,t=-23.632,P=0.000],并发症发生率相近[16.9%(25/148)vs18.3%(23/126),χ2=0.087,P=0.768],1年复发率相近[3.8%(3/78)vs3.1%(2/65),χ2=0.000,P=1.000]。结论钬激光治疗下肢静脉曲张具有能明显缩短手术时间及住院时间,减少切口数量,术后疼痛轻,可早期下床活动等优点。保证疗效...     

2 μm激光前列腺汽化切除术与等离子前列腺电切术的随机对照研究

目的比较2μm激光前列腺汽化切除术与经尿道等离子前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的效果。方法采用密闭信封法将2013年10月~2014年12月62例BPH分为电切组(35例,经尿道等离子前列腺电切术)和激光组(27例,Revo Lix 2μm激光前列腺汽化切除术)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗盐水量、术后导尿管留置时间、住院时间及并发症;比较2组术后3个月国际前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)、前列腺增生生活质量评分(quality of life,QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)及膀胱残余尿量(post-void residual volume,PVR)。结果 2组手术时间差异无显著性(P0.05)。激光组术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗液用量、术后导尿管留置时间及住院时间、并发症发生率均明显优于电切组[(202.4±44.2)ml vs.(750.5±86.3)ml,t=-30.061,P=0.000;(9.5±2.1)L vs.(22.1±5.3)L,t=-11.650,P=0.000;(1.7±0.3)d vs.(3.4±0.6)d,t=-13.464,P=0.000;(4.2±1.3)d vs.(6.7±1.4)d,t=-7.190,P=0.000;3.7%(1/27)vs.25.7%(9/35),χ2=3.953,P=0.047)]。治疗后3个月,2组IPSS及QOL评分、Qmax、PVR均较治疗前改善(P0.05);激光组IPSS评分和残余尿量小于电切组[(6.5±1.2)分vs.(7.2±1.3)分,t=-2.173,P=0.033;(22.4±6.4)ml vs.(45.3±13.2)ml,t=-8.284,P=0.000]。结论2μm激光汽化切除术治疗BPH安全、有效,可更好地减少残余尿量,改善术后生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

经尿道钬激光联合锥型取石网(Stone cone)治疗输尿管上段结石

目的探讨经尿道钬激光联合锥型取石网(Stone cone)治疗输尿管上段结石的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2018年4月～2019年6月经尿道输尿管镜治疗输尿管上段结石69例的临床资料,其中33例采用钬激光联合锥型取石网(观察组),36例单用钬激光(对照组)。比较2组手术时间、结石逃逸率、清石率、输尿管损伤率、术后发热率和术后输尿管狭窄率。结果观察组手术时间(21.8±5.6)min,明显短于对照组(46.4±4.7)min(t=-19.814,P=0.000);结石逃逸率9.1%(3/33),明显低于对照组47.2%(17/36)(χ~( 2)=12.162,P=0.000);清石率90.9%(30/33),显著高于对照组52.8%(19/36)(χ~( 2)=12.162,P=0.000)。2组输尿管损伤率分别为6.1%(2/33)、8.3%(3/36),无统计学差异(χ~( 2)=0.000,P=1.000);术后发热率分别为6.1%(2/33)、11.1%(4/36),无统计学差异(χ~2=0.100,P=0.752);术后输尿管狭窄率分别为3.0%(1/33)、5.6%(2/36),无统计学差异(χ~( 2)=0.000,P=1.000)。结论经尿道钬激光联合锥型取石网治疗输尿管上段结石安全、有效,在手术时间、结石逃逸及结石清除率方面优于单用钬激光。     

经尿道电切和激光治疗腺性膀胱炎的疗效观察

对52例经病理活检证实的腺性膀胱炎患者,分别采用经尿道电切和激光烧灼两种方法进行治疗。其中,电切治疗28例,激光治疗24例。结果:本组共治愈41例,好转9例,无效2例,治愈率为78.8％,有效率为96.2％。其中,电切治疗治愈率为82.1％;激光治愈率为75％。经尿道电切和激光烧灼一次治疗的治愈率分别为75％和41.7％,两者差异显著(x~2检验,P<0.05)。结论:经尿道电切和激光烧灼是目前治疗腺性膀胱炎较为有效的方法,电切的一次性治愈效果优于激光。     

基于加速康复外科理念的输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术

目的探讨基于加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念的输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月~2017年5月255例上尿路结石行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术的资料。按经治医师不同分成2组,其中传统处理方法 134例(对照组),采用ERAS措施121例(ERAS组)。比较2组手术时间、术后下床活动时间、术后发热、术后住院时间、住院总费用、清石率等。结果 251例软镜碎石手术获得成功,对照组3例、ERAS组1例软镜手术失败。ERAS组和对照组的手术时间[(80.7±32.3)min vs.(86.3±33.6)min,t=-1.342,P=0.181]和清石率[86.7%(104/120)vs.85.5%(112/131),χ~2=0.072,P=0.789]无明显差异。ERAS组术后下床活动时间明显早于对照组[(11.3±5.2)h vs.(21.5±4.4)h,t=-16.940,P=0.000],术后住院时间明显短于对照组[(2.2±0.9)d vs.(3.4±1.9)d,t=-6.341,P=0.000],住院总费用明显低于对照组[(19.4±3.8)千元vs.(21.0±4.7)千元,t=-2.980,P=0.003],术后发热率低于对照组[25.0%(30/120)vs.37.4%(49/131),χ~2=4.468,P=0.035]。结论基于ERAS理念的输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术安全可靠,术后恢复快,住院费用低。     

经尿道选择性绿激光汽化术与电切术治疗输尿管口周围腺性膀胱炎的比较研究

目的:通过比较经尿道选择性绿激光汽化和电切术治疗输尿管口周围腺性膀胱炎的术后临床指标,探讨经尿道选择性绿激光汽化术治疗输尿管口周围腺性膀胱炎的安全性和疗效.方法:对46例经病理活检证实侵及输尿管口的弥漫型腺性膀胱炎患者,采用单盲随机的方试,分别运用经尿道选择性绿激光汽化和电切术两种治疗方法,并对治愈率、有效率指标进行比较分析.结果:经尿道选择性绿激光汽化组较电切组治愈率、有效率明显提高.两组指标差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:经尿道绿激光汽化术是目前治疗侵及输尿管口的弥漫型腺性膀胱炎较为理想的方法.     

联合应用钬激光及套石篮与单用钬激光在经尿道输尿管镜治疗输尿管上段结石的比较研究

目的比较联合应用钬激光及套石篮与单用钬激光在经尿道输尿管镜治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2007年6月~2010年9月经尿道输尿管镜治疗输尿管上段单发结石109例的临床资料,2009年1月前采用钬激光碎石（A组,51例）,2009年1月后先置入WOLF套石篮套住结石,再用钬激光碎石（B组,58例）。比较2组的手术时间、碎石成功率、输尿管穿孔、术后感染、术后3周结石排净率及术后输尿管狭窄率。结果 A组结石上移28例,B组结石上移3例,须二期手术,B组碎石成功率和3周结石排净率均明显高于A组[碎石成功率94.8%（55/58）vs.45.1%（23/51）,χ2=32.976,P=0.000;3周结石排净率96.4%（53/55）vs.65.2%（15/23）,χ2=11.428,P=0.001]。A组输尿管穿孔率为B组的4.6倍[15.7%（8/51）vs.3.4%（2/58）,χ2=3.520,P=0.061]。B组平均手术时间比A组长8 min[（46±19）min vs.（38±13）min,t=2.530,P=0.013]。2组术后感染率、输尿管狭窄率差异无显著性（P均=1.000）。结论在经尿道输尿管镜碎石治疗输尿管上段结石中联合应用钬激光及套石篮,疗效及安全性高于单用钬激光。     

经尿道电切术联合钬激光治疗膀胱侧壁非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床研究

目的:比较经尿道电切术和经尿道电切术联合钬激光治疗膀胱侧壁非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效,探讨经尿道电切术联合钬激光治疗侧壁非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床意义。方法:选取40例膀胱侧壁非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,随机均分成,A组(经尿道电切术组)和B组(经尿道电切术联合钬激光组)。术后比较A、B两组的平均手术时间、闭孔神经反射和穿孔率以及术后复发率。结果:全部患者均一次完成手术,术中均未输血。手术平均时间A组[(51±10)]min较B组[(35±5)min]明显延长(P0.05);发生闭孔神经反射和穿孔例数A组(17例、3例)明显多于B组(0例)(P0.05);术后复发例数A组(10例)明显高于B组(3例)(P0.05)。结论:对于位于侧壁的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌,采用电切术联合应用钬激光切除术可有效避免闭孔神经反射和穿孔的发生,缩短手术时间,降低术后复发率,具有高效、安全、并发症少等优点,值得临床应用。     

坦索洛辛在输尿管镜碎石术治疗输尿管下段结石中的作用

目的:评价α1-受体阻滞剂(坦索洛辛)在经尿道输尿管镜碎石术治疗输尿管下段结石中的临床作用.方法:将符合条件的79例输尿管下段结石患者随机分为坦索洛辛 URSL组和单纯URSL组,两组患者年龄、性别、结石最大直径等差异均无统计学意义.单纯URSL组采用常规经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术(URSL),坦索洛辛 URSL组术前连续服用坦索洛辛0.2 mg/d,2周后再行URSL.结果:坦索洛辛 URSL组只有1例中转开放手术,输尿管镜碎石成功率高达97.5%(39/40),高于单纯URSL组79.5%(31/39)(χ2=4.688,P=0.030),手术和术后住院时间分别为(13.33±4.42)min和(2.54±0.99)天,均短于单纯URSL组(19.19±6.60)min和(3.26±0.93)天(t=4.081,P=0.000;t=3.092,P=0.003),肾绞痛发生率分别为70.0%(28/40):89.7%(35/39)(χ2=4.766,P=0.029].结论:经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术联合坦索洛辛治疗输尿管下段结石能显著提高输尿管镜碎石成功率,缩短手术时间和住院时间,缓解肾绞痛发生.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.