健择对胰腺癌细胞株蛋白质表达的影响

目的观察健择致胰腺癌细胞株蛋白质变化的影响,寻找一些在化疗过程中出现的蛋白质,为临床治疗提供理论依据.方法利用蛋白质组学技术,分析胰腺癌细胞株SW-1990在加入健择和5-FU后其蛋白质谱的变化,最后鉴定其差异表达的蛋白质.结果培养细胞受抑制约50%时,健择为1～100 ng/ml,5-FU为250～2 500 ng/ml.质谱鉴定了9个差异表达的蛋白质,其中对照组3个,加药组6个.结论健择对细胞株的作用明显优于5-FU.β-肌动蛋白、MGC:19713等某些高表达的蛋白质可能成为观察化疗效果的重要指标.     

胰腺癌化疗药物治疗现状

胰腺癌的化疗在胰腺癌综合治疗中占有非常重要的地位。鉴于吉西他滨治疗胰腺癌效果明显优于5-FU，1997年美国FDA批准吉西他滨作为胰腺癌的一线化疗用药。从此，在临床研究中，以吉西他滨为基础的联合化疗大量展开。     

人胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药细胞株的建立及其耐药机制初步探讨

背景:吉西他滨是胰腺癌的一线化疗药物,但由于存在原发性和获得性耐药,其改善胰腺癌患者预后的作用并不明显。因此,探讨吉西他滨获得性耐药机制具有重要临床意义。目的:建立人胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药细胞株,初步探讨胰腺癌对吉西他滨的耐药机制。方法:在体外以0.5μmol/L吉西他滨持续刺激人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990,获得耐药细胞株SW1990-0.5。以CCK-8实验检测SW1990-0.5细胞株的耐药指数,细胞群体倍增实验和划痕实验分别检测亲本和耐药细胞株在体外的生长和侵袭能力,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡,real-time PCR检测多药耐药相关基因MDR-1、MRP-1、BRCP和吉西他滨代谢相关酶基因dC K、RRM1、RRM2表达。结果:SW1990-0.5细胞株的耐药指数为9.32。与亲本细胞株相比,耐药细胞株体外增殖能力减弱,体外侵袭能力无明显变化;经吉西他滨作用后,耐药细胞株细胞周期无明显变化,但细胞凋亡率显著降低,MRP-1、BRCP、dC K mRNA表达降低,MDR-1、RRM1、RRM2 mRNA表达无明显变化。结论:成功建立了稳定的人胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药细胞株SW1990-0.5;胰腺癌对吉西他滨获得性耐药可能与拮抗细胞凋亡和dC K表达下调有关。     

吉西他滨对人胰腺癌Patu-8988细胞株APE/Ref-1的诱导作用

目的:研究人胰腺癌细胞株在吉西他滨化疗时APE/Ref-1基因表达的变化,并试图揭示其在胰腺癌化疗耐药中所起的作用.方法:不同浓度吉西他滨0、10、20、40及60μmol/L作用人胰腺癌Patu-8988细胞株24 h,分别以RT-PCR及Western blot方法测定作用后APE/Ref-1的mRNA及蛋白表达情况.结果:吉西他滨作用人胰腺癌Patu-8988细胞株24h后,APE/Ref-1的mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显上升,并与吉西他滨的浓度呈正相关(RT-PCR:r=0.645,P=0.012;Western blot:r= 0.598,P=0.020).结论:APE/Ref-1在胰腺癌化疗时表达明显增强,可能与化疗耐药性的产生有关,并提示针对APE/Ref-1的靶向干预可能有助于提高胰腺癌的化疗敏感性.     

胰腺癌化疗药物治疗现状

胰腺癌的化疗在胰腺癌综合治疗中占有非常重要的地位.鉴于吉西他滨治疗胰腺癌效果明显优于5-FU [1],1997年美国FDA批准吉西他滨作为胰腺癌的一线化疗用药.从此,在临床研究中,以吉西他滨为基础的联合化疗大量展开.     

人胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药细胞株APE1/Ref-1表达升高

背景:吉西他滨是中晚期胰腺癌的主要化疗药物,但由于胰腺癌对吉西他滨存在高度先天性和获得性耐药,吉西他滨不能明显改善胰腺癌患者的预后。目的:探讨DNA损伤修复及其碱基切除修复途径中的关键酶人脱嘌呤/脱嘧啶核酸内切酶1/氧化还原因子-1(APE1/Ref-1)表达与胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药之间的关系。方法:应用前期研究建立的人胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药细胞株SW1990-0.5(耐药指数9.32)及其亲本细胞株SW1990,以彗星实验评估两者经吉西他滨作用后的DNA损伤程度,real-time PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测APE1/Ref-1 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:经吉西他滨作用24 h,SW1990-0.5和SW1990细胞的彗星实验OTM值分别为0.32±0.13和26.96±6.83,相对于SW1990细胞,SW1990-0.5细胞的APE1/Ref-1 mRNA表达量为2.48±0.49,两者APE1/Ref-1蛋白相对表达量分别为1.57±0.08和0.84±0.06,组间差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:DNA损伤修复可能与胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药相关,APE1/Ref-1表达上调可能是通过修复DNA损伤参与胰腺癌对吉西他滨耐药。     

阻断PI3K/Akt通路增强缺氧环境胰腺癌细胞化疗敏感性的实验研究

目的研究LY294002联合吉西他滨是否能增强缺氧环境下胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1的化疗敏感性。方法缺氧条件下培养胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1,运用MTT检测LY294002联合吉西他滨对胰腺癌细胞株细胞PANC-1生长的影响,运用Western blot检测AKT及磷酸化AKT蛋白表达的水平。结果 MTT检测在缺氧环境下LY294002联合吉西他滨作用的胰腺癌细胞PANC-1与单纯吉西他滨作用组相比细胞生存率显著下降(P=0.003),且具有时间依赖性。Western blot检测显示在缺氧环境下,LY294002联合吉西他滨作用的胰腺癌细胞PANC-1磷酸化AKT蛋白水平与单纯吉西他滨作用组相比显著降低(P=0.002)。结论阻断PI3K/Akt通路能增强缺氧环境下胰腺癌细胞化疗敏感性,为胰腺癌的治疗方法及逆转耐药提供了新的实验依据。     

基于蛋白质谱技术的胰腺癌化学治疗评估模型的建立及其意义

化疗在晚期胰腺癌治疗中有着不可取代的作用.目前,胰腺癌患者较为常用的化疗药物有吉西他滨、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、紫杉醇类等[1].82个研究中心的3023例晚期胰腺癌患者的Ⅲ期临床试验结果显示,吉西他滨较5-FU能更好的改善患者的预后[2].但是,目前现有的胰腺癌相关标志物,如血清CA19-9、CEA水平及影像手段如CT、MRI等对胰腺癌化疗效果的评估及监测效力却依然低下.因此,建立一种高敏感、高特异的,对化疗效果及预后有着监测能力的新型的评估方法对改善患者的预后及指导治疗有着极大的意义.     

Hedgehog信号通路与胰腺癌吉西他滨固有耐药的相关性研究

背景:吉西他滨是胰腺癌的一线化疗药物,但化疗耐药问题普遍存在并成为胰腺癌化疗失败的主要原因。Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路是胰腺癌发生、发展的核心信号通路之一,其异常活化与多药耐药相关蛋白表达、肿瘤干细胞的维持和自我更新等明确相关。目的:探讨Hh信号通路相关因子表达与胰腺癌吉西他滨固有耐药的相关性。方法:培养人胰腺癌细胞株CFPAC-1和PANC-1,予吉西他滨、Hh信号通路抑制剂GANT61或激动剂purmorphamine处理,或吉西他滨分别与GANT61或purmorphamine联合处理,以real-time PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测Hh信号通路相关因子Shh、Ptch、Smo、Gli1表达,CCK-8实验检测不同处理对细胞增殖活性的影响。结果:与CFPAC-1细胞相比,PANC-1细胞中的Hh信号通路相关因子表达显著增高(P0.05),对吉西他滨的敏感性相对较低。GANT61可下调PANC-1细胞中的Gli1表达,并增强细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性,而purmorphamine则可上调CFPAC-1细胞中的Gli1表达,并降低细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Hh信号通路相关因子表达与胰腺癌吉西他滨固有耐药相关,抑制Hh信号通路异常活化可增加胰腺癌细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性。     

PAR-2在人胰腺癌细胞中的表达及吉西他滨的干预作用

目的 通过研究蛋白酶激活受体-2(proteinase activated receptor-2,PAR-2)在人胰腺癌细胞中的表达态势,明确PAR-2在胰腺癌中的表达特点,并通过RT-PCR观察吉西他滨对胰腺癌细胞中PAR-2 mRNA表达的影响.方法 培养人胰腺癌细胞,收集人正常胰腺组织;设立五组:cancer组(胰腺癌细胞阳性对照组)、Gao组(吉西他滨给药浓度50 μg/ml干预胰腺癌细胞)、Zhong组(吉西他滨给药浓度5 μg/ml干预胰腺癌细胞)、Di组(吉西他滨给药浓度0.5 μg/ml干预胰腺癌细胞)及normal组(正常胰腺组织阴性对照组).RT-PCR实验观察各组PAR-2 mRNA的相对表达量.结果 以Quantity one分析软件对实验结果进行分析,试验重复3次.cancer组、Di组、Zhong组、Gao组中细胞PAR-2 mRNA的相对表达量均高于normal组(P<0.001),cancer组>Di组、Zhong组、Gao组>normal组;但是Gao组、Zhong组、Di组三组间的相对表达量无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 PAR-2 mRNA在胰腺癌细胞高表达,胰腺癌的发生与发展与PAR-2正相关.吉西他滨能够降低胰腺癌细胞PAR-2 mRNA的表达率,可能是吉西他滨治疗胰腺癌的作用机制之一,但本实验未发现吉西他滨对PAR-2 mRNA表达的干预作用与剂量有关.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.