SIRS MODS患者活化血小板与细胞因子关系的研究

目的　研究全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)、多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)患者活化血小板、细胞因子变化及其两者之间关系。方法　采用流式细胞仪测定SIRS、MODS患者的CD6 2P、CD6 3阳性血小板的百分率 ,采用酶放大化学发光免疫法测定TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8、sIL - 2R值 ,同时对两者之间进行相关性分析。结果　SIRS、MODS患者的CD6 2P、CD6 3、TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8、sIL - 2R值较正常对照组均明显升高 (P均 <0 0 1) ;MODS组CD6 2P、CD6 3、TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8、sIL - 2R值均高于SIRS组 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;死亡组CD6 2P、CD6 3、TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8、sIL - 2R值均高于存活组 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;相关性分析显示 ,CD6 2P、CD6 3与TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　SIRS、MODS患者血小板活化明显 ,促炎细胞因子高表达 ,血小板活化与促炎细胞因子高表达正相关 ,两者均与病情、预后有关。     

乌司他丁对全身炎症反应综合征的治疗作用

目的　探讨乌司他丁在阻断全身炎症反应综合征( SIRS)向多器官功能障碍综合征( MODS)发展中的作用及其机制。方法　60例符合SIRS诊断标准3项以上的患者随机分为试验组( n=3 0 )和对照组( n=3 0 ) ,并选取1 5名正常体检者作为正常组。试验组接受常规抗感染治疗,对照组在试验组用药基础上静脉注射乌司他丁1 0 0 k U,8h1次,连用5d。常规监测患者心率( HR)、呼吸频率( RR)、体温( T)、白细胞计数( WBC)、SIRS症状改善时间和病死率;并于治疗前和治疗后5d抽取静脉血检测血清白细胞介素6( IL 6)、IL 1 0、肿瘤坏死因子α( TNFα)、C反应蛋白( CRP)水平。正常组于体检时抽血检测的结果作为正常对照。结果　试验组T、RR、HR及WBC治疗后改善情况均明显优于对照组( P<0 .0 5或P<0 .0 1 )。SIRS患者入院时炎性细胞因子水平均明显高于正常组( P均<0 .0 1 ) ;两组患者治疗后5d的CRP、IL 6和TNFα水平均较治疗前明显下降( P<0 .0 5或P<0 .0 1 ) ,但试验组下降较对照组更为明显。试验组治疗后5d的IL 1 0较治疗前上升,治疗前后自身对照差异有显著性( P<0 .0 1 ) ;对照组治疗后5d的IL 1 0水平与治疗前比较差异无显著性( P>0 .0 5)。另外,试验组患者治疗后SIRS炎性指标超过3 d无明显改善者明显少于对照组( P<0 .0 1 ) ,转为     

乌司他丁治疗全身炎症反应综合征的临床研究

目的研究乌司他丁(UTI)治疗全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)的临床疗效以及对炎性介质的影响,了解UTI对SIRS的治疗价值。方法选择符合SIRS诊断标准的48例患者,随机分为UTI治疗组(A组)和常规治疗组(B组)。观察两组患者的临床效果并检测治疗前后血清IL-6、TNFα、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、IL-10水平变化。结果治疗后A组患者临床症状改善较B组明显,MODS发生率下降,炎性介质CRP、IL-6、TNFα、IL-10水平在A组改变较B组明显。结论乌司他丁能改善SIRS的临床症状,对炎性介质起免疫调理作用。     

血清C-反应蛋白和白细胞介素-6在危重病患者中的临床价值

目的　探讨细胞因子在全身炎性反应综合征 (SIRS)向多脏器功能衰竭综合征 (MODS)转化中的诊断价值和临床意义。方法　用ELISA法测定SIRS组、正常对照组、动态观察组血清CRP、IL 6含量。结果　血清CRP、IL - 6的含量于危重患者发病后 2 4小时内即明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。动态观察组中含量呈先升后下降趋势 ,高峰值多出现在第 6天 ,但各时间段测值仍显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　危重患者SIRS发生后 2 4小时内血清CRP与IL 6等炎性因子参与了SIRS向MODS过度的发生发展过程。SIRS患者早期血中CRP、IL 6的测定可用于早期诊断MODS。     

乌司他丁对感染性休克患者影响的临床研究

目的　探讨乌司他丁 (UTI)对感染性休克患者是否有治疗作用。方法　 18例感染性休克的患者入ICU后立即将UTI 2 0万U溶于 2 0mL 0 9%生理盐水中静脉注射 (约 10min) ,分别于静脉注射UTI前后 1h采集血样品 ,并测试TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8和MDA的含量以及β -GCD活性和SOD活力。 结果　与治疗前相比 ,UTI治疗后其TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8、MDA的含量以及β-GCD活性均下降 (P均 <0 0 1～ 0 0 5 ) ,而SOD活力明显增加 (P <0 0 1)。结论　乌司他丁可通过抑制机体炎性细胞因子TNF -α、IL - 6和IL - 8生成和释放 ,降低β -GCD活性及MDA含量 ,保持SOD活力 ,从而达到对感染性休克的治疗作用。     

还原型谷胱甘肽对急性胰腺炎全身炎症反应综合征的治疗作用

目的　探讨还原型谷胱甘肽对全身性炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)的治疗价值。方法　将 4 5例急性胰腺炎伴SIRS的患者随机分为治疗Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组 ,设正常对照组 2 0名。治疗Ⅰ组加用还原型谷胱甘肽 1 2g d静脉点滴 ,其余两组治疗相同。于治疗前和治疗后测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)和白细胞介素 6、 8(IL 6、IL 8)及检测血糖、血钙、ALT、血 尿Ams等 ,并按SIRS诊断标准观察临床病情。结果　治疗Ⅰ组治疗SIRS有效率达 95 5 % ,明显高于治疗Ⅱ组 ;且血糖、ALT也较治疗Ⅱ组明显恢复 (P <0 0 5 )。两组治疗后TNF α,IL 6 ,IL 8均较治疗前下降 ,而治疗Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组下降更显著 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　还原型谷胱甘肽对SIRS具有较好的治疗作用     

连续性血液净化对全身炎性反应综合征合并急性肾衰患者血浆炎性介质水平的影响

目的　应用连续静静脉血液滤过 (CVVH)技术 ,探讨其对全身炎性反应综合征 (SIRS)合并急性肾衰 (ARF)患者体内促炎与抗炎细胞因子水平的影响。方法　 16例SIRS合并ARF患者经右侧股静脉插管留置单针双腔导管 ,使用DiapactCRRT机行高容量连续静脉—静脉血液滤过 (HV -CVVH)模式治疗。治疗上除连续性血液净化 (CBP)外 ,主要包括原发病的处理和重要脏器或系统功能的支持或维护。于CVVH治疗前和治疗后 2、4、6h以及停止CVVH后 6h ,分别抽取静脉血检测血液电解质、肾功能和有关细胞因子 ,动脉血做血气分析 ,其中采用ELISA法测定有关细胞因子。结果　 16例患者CVVH后血清BUN、Scr、K+ 均逐渐地呈明显下降趋势 (P均 <0 0 5或 0 0 1) ,血浆TNF -α、IL - 1β、IL - 2、IL - 2R以及IL - 8水平均逐渐降低 ,血浆IL - 6、IL - 4、IL - 10水平在CBP治疗前后均无统计学差异 (P均 >0 0 5 )。结论　CBP能清除SIRS合并ARF患者血浆多种致炎细胞因子 ,并可改善血液生化指标。     

全身炎症反应综合征患者致炎因子与抗炎因子的变化及相关性研究

目的 观察全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）患者血浆中致炎因子肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF-α）、白介素－6（IL－6）和抗炎因子转化细胞生长因子－β（TGF-β）、白介素－10（IL－10）的变化规律及其相关性。方法 符合SIRS诊断48例，分别在入院后第1、8小时和第2、3、4天清晨空腹抽肘静脉血3mL，测定TNF－α、IL－6、TGF－β和IL－10，并设对照组。结果 TNF－α和IL－6各监测点均比对照组显著升高（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），TGF－β和IL－10入院后第小时与对照组比较无显著差异，第8小时以后各监测点均比对照组显著升高（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），TNF－α和IL－6峰值出现早于TGF－β和IL－10，致炎因子与抗炎因子具有显著的相关性。结论 拮抗炎症因子的同时提高机体免疫功能，达到致炎因子与抗炎因子的平衡是治疗SIRS的新思路。     

连续性肾替代治疗对全身炎症反应综合征预后的影响

目的 :对全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)的病人使用连续肾替代治疗 (CRRT)研究它对各种炎症介质 (如肿瘤坏死因子TNF 浕 ,白介素IL 1β,IL 6 ,IL 8)的清除作用 ,通过调控炎症反应阻断SIRS向多器官功能不全综合征 (MODS)的发展 ,降低MODS的发生 ,提高SIRS的抢救成功率。方法 :应用连续性静脉 静脉血液滤过 (CVVH)抢救 15例急性重症肾衰伴SIRS患者 (Ⅰ组 )及 2 3例肾功能衰竭前的SIRS患者 (Ⅱ组 )。结果 :两组患者TNF α、IL Iβ、IL 6均明显升高 ,经治疗后均降低 ,但II组降低更明显 ,两组对照比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;I组 15例全部发生MODS ,10例死亡 ;II组 2 3例其中 6例发生MODS ,4例死亡 ,两组MODS发生率及死亡率均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :CRRT能有效地清除各种炎症介质 ,在肾功能衰竭前的SIRS患者应用CRRT能有效地阻断SIRS向MODS的发展 ,抢救成功率明显提高。     

ω-3鱼油脂肪乳对脑外伤后全身炎症反应综合征的影响

目的:探讨ω-3鱼油脂肪乳对脑外伤合并全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者体内血C反应蛋白(CRP)及体液免疫的影响。方法:将2011年6月-2013年12月收治的脑外伤合并SIRS患者96例随机分为对照组和实验组各48例,分别给予常规静脉营养和联合ω-3鱼油脂肪乳治疗,比较两组静脉营养前1d,后第7 d的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、CRP、白介素-6(IL-6)的浓度。结果:治疗后两组血TNF-α、CRP、IL-6等水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),但实验组第7 d时的观察指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:ω-3鱼油脂肪乳可降低脑外伤合并SIRS患者体内TNF-α、CRP、IL-6浓度,具有抗炎和改善免疫功能的作用。     

Update on Clinical Features and Brain Abnormalities in Neurogenetics Syndromes

Neuroimaging methods represent a critical tool in efforts to join the study of the neurobiology of genes with the neurobiology of behaviour, and to understand the neurodevelopmental pathways that give rise to cognitive and behavioural impairments. This article reviews the clinical features and highlights studies with a focus on the relevant gene–brain–behaviour connections observed in neurogenetic syndromes, such as Williams, Rett, Fragile X, Prader‐Willi, Angelman, Down and velocardiofacial (22q11.2 deletion) syndromes. The relationship of altered brain regions and activation patterns are discussed for each syndrome, as well as the clinical, cognitive and behavioural correlates of these neuroimaging findings.     

Shear Syndrome: The Worst Case Scenario of Crush Syndrome

Shear syndrome is described as a complication of crush syndrome. In addition to compression of and injury to the electrode, complete transection occurs. In this case, the free end migrated to the pulmonary artery with the potential for further complications.     

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: Diagnosis and management

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome (also known as Wilkie's syndrome, cast syndrome, or aorto-mesenteric compass syndrome) is an obstruction of the duodenum caused by extrinsic compression between the SMA and the aorta. The median age of patients is 23 years old (range 0-91 years old) and predominant in females over males with a ratio of 3:2. The symptoms are variable, consisting of postprandial abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, early satiety, anorexia, and weight loss and can mimic anorexia nervosa or functional dyspepsia. Because recurrent vomiting leads to aspiration pneumonia or respiratory depression via metabolic alkalosis, early diagnosis is required. The useful diagnostic modalities are computed tomography as a standard tool and ultrasonography, which has advantages in safety and capability of real-time assessments of SMA mobility and duodenum passage. The initial treatment is usually conservative, including postural change, gastroduodenal decompression, and nutrient management (success rates: 70%-80%). If conservative therapy fails, surgical treatment (i.e., laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy) is recommended (success rates: 80%-100%).     

原发性肾病综合征合并布加综合征16例

目的：探讨原发性肾病综合征合并布加综合征的病因、发病情况、临床特点及治疗方案。方法：对2001—2004年16例原发性肾病综合征合并布加综合征的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：原发性肾病综合征合并布加综合征为血栓形成所致，起病急，表现为肝脾肿大、进行性顽固性腹水、上腹痛、消化道出血、水肿等。积极治疗原发病，溶栓抗凝治疗能促进腹水消退，防治肝肾功能衰竭，防治血管狭窄，缩短病程。介入治疗尤其局部溶栓术在短期内更能明显改善患者临床症状和实验室指标。结论：临床上应提高对本综合征的认识，对疑似病例应尽早做相关影像学检查以明确诊断，并根据病情制定恰当的治疗方案。     

Intermittent Preexcitation: Marked Enhancement of Anterograde Conduction in the Atrioventricular Accessory Pathway with Isoproterenol

A 29-year-old man presented with intermittent preexcitation and exertional syncope. Electrophysiological evaluation in the control state demonstrated a single, left posterior free-wall atrioventricular accessory pathway. The anterograde and retrograde effective refractory periods and block cycle lengths were long in the control state. No tachycardias were induced during programmed electrical stimulation. After intravenous administration of isoproterenol, anterograde conduction of the accessory pathway was markedly enhanced (block cycle length shortened 45% to less than 240 ms) and rapid antidromic reciprocating tachycardia (CL = 250 ms) associated with syncope was observed. Following successful surgical dissection of the accessory pathway the patient has been without tachycardia or exertional symptoms. We conclude that, under the influence of exercise or emotion, patients with intermittent preexcitation may be at risk for serious arrhythmias.     

Harlequin syndrome: An asymmetric face

Harlequin syndrome corresponds to unilateral dysfunction of the sympathetic system, characterized by flush and unilateral hyperhidrosis associated with hypo or anhidrosis and paleness of the opposite side. It is, usually, idiopathic. Rarely, it may be associated with compressive organic processes, iatrogenic causes, and general diseases. It is a real therapeutic challenge.     

A Case of Delayed Presentation of Thigh Compartment Syndrome

Background

Thigh compartment syndrome is a rare and devastating process. It generally occurs within hours to days of a traumatic event, although cases have been reported nearly 2 weeks after the initial event.

Objectives

To evaluate the literature describing the timing between inciting event and presentation of thigh compartment syndromes, with a focus on delayed presentations of this rare condition. To describe the unique properties of thigh compartments, and finally, to review the anatomy and techniques needed to measure the compartment pressures of the thigh.

Case Report

A case of a 54-year-old man is presented. He sustained trauma to his thigh 17 days prior to presenting to our ED with severe, sudden-onset pain in his right thigh. Compartment pressures were measured and confirmed the diagnosis of compartment syndrome caused by two large intramuscular hematomas. No other contributing events were identified.

Conclusions

Compartment syndrome in the thigh should be considered in patients with a concerning examination and a history of recent trauma. This particular case represents the longest reported time between injury and development of a thigh compartment syndrome.     

高嗜酸性粒细胞综合征的临床及实验室特征研究

目的 探讨高嗜酸性粒细胞综合征(HES)各亚型的临床及实验室特点,尤其是骨髓及外周血涂片中嗜酸性粒细胞的形态学特征.方法 回顾性分析该院2017-2020年63例HES患者的临床和实验室资料,复检外周血和骨髓涂片中嗜酸性粒细胞的形态学特征.结果 63例H ES患者中有反应性HES患者54例,特发性HES患者9例.反应性...     

单纯阻断肾静脉左肾静脉下移治疗胡桃夹综合征的临床护理

目的探讨单纯阻断肾静脉左肾静脉下移治疗胡桃夹综合征围手术期的护理。方法回顾性分析总结6例单纯阻断肾静脉左肾静脉下移术后患者围手术期护理过程及经验。结果对6例单纯阻断肾静脉左肾静脉下移术的护理要点包括心理护理、尿道准备、术后特殊体位的护理;血尿的观察及腹膜后出血、血肿等并发症的严密观察。结论良好的具有针对性的全程性护理对单纯阻断肾静脉左肾静脉下移术治疗胡桃夹综合征的成功至关重要。