精神分裂症患者应对方式、父母教养方式及防御方式的性别差异

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者应对方式、父母教养方式及防御方式的性别差异。方法:采用应付方式问卷(CSQ)、父母教养方式问卷(EBMU)及防御方式问卷(DSQ)对96例男性与75例女性精神分裂症患者进行评估。结果:应付方式:男性患者使用幻想少于女性(F=2.77,P0.05),使用自责、退避多于女性(F=3.76,F=2.76;P均0.05)。父母教养方式:父亲对儿子采取拒绝否认大于女儿(F=4.82,P0.01);母亲对儿子采取拒绝否认小于女儿(F=2.87,P0.05)。防御方式:男性患者采用退缩、反作用形成、消耗倾向多于女性,采用幻想、躯体化、期望少于女性(P均0.05)。结论:不同性别精神分裂症患者的应对方式、父母教养方式及防御方式不同,心理干预应有性别针对性。     

大学生特质应对方式与抑郁、焦虑的关系

目的探讨大学生特质应对方式与抑郁、焦虑的关系。方法用特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）、状态-特质焦虑问卷（STAI）、贝克抑郁测验（BDI）对120名大学生施测。结果消极应对与状态焦虑（r=0.296,P〈0.01）、特质焦虑（r=0.447,P〈0.001）及抑郁（r=0.227,P〈0.05）存在显著的正相关;积极应对与特质焦虑（r=-0.360,P〈0.001）及抑郁（r=0.227,P〈0.05）存在显著的负相关;抑郁与状态焦虑（r=0.447,P〈0.001）及特质焦虑（r=0.574,P〈0.001）之间也存在显著的正相关。特质焦虑能预测抑郁（P〈0.001）;抑郁、消极应对、状态焦虑和积极应对能预测特质焦虑（P〈0.001）;特质焦虑和积极应对能预测状态焦虑（P〈0.001）。结论特质应对方式对状态-特质焦虑和抑郁有影响。     

Psychological response to cancer diagnosis--II. Evidence for coping styles (coping styles and cancer diagnosis)

One hundred and seventy-eight newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied with respect to their cognitive responses to cancer diagnosis. These were examined in relation to anxiety, depression and health locus of control as well as to clinical-pathological variables. Data analysis of cognitive responses alone did not confirm the existence of mutually exclusive categories of response. Analysis of cognitive responses and the other psychological variables combined, however, revealed that four broad coping 'styles' could be delineated: 'positive/confronting', 'fatalistic', 'hopeless-helpless' and 'denial/avoidance', which corresponded to our previously described categories. Lower psychological morbidity was associated with a positive/confronting response to diagnosis and with high internal locus of control, while higher anxiety and depression scores were associated with a hopeless-helpless response to diagnosis and with low internal locus of control. The evidence for coping 'styles' is discussed as well as the implications of the results for the psychological management of cancer patients.     

Autoprotective mechanisms in patients with schizophrenic psychoses--compensation and coping

For a long time, the coping and compensatory mechanisms of patients with schizophrenic psychoses have mostly been neglected by the psychiatric research. We extended the six categories of coping mechanisms described in the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms (BSABS) by three further categories. With fifty schizophrenic patients in different stages of their disease semistructured interviews concerning these categories were done. The main sociodemographic and historical parameters were registered as well. Then the protocols of the interviews were analyzed, the coping strategies were quantified, and it was tried to disclose relations between the disease progress and sociodemographic parameters. Patients used to a certain degree of autonomy e. g. unmarried patients had--compared to less independent patients--stronger coping strategies. Patients with a strong interest for their disease and a positive opinion about neuroleptic therapy had--compared to patients without interest for their disease and/or negative opinion about neuroleptic therapy--stronger coping and compensatory psychisms. It is concluded that the coping strategies might be reinforced by influencing these parameters.     

Psychological features and coping styles in patients with chronic pain

Aims:  It is said that psychological factors play a crucial role in the development, continuation or amplification of chronic pain. The purpose of the present study was to examine psychological features and coping styles related to chronic pain.
Methods:  Sixty-three patients with persistent pain over 3 months (average age of 59.3 years; 22 men and 41 women) were recruited as subjects from December 2005 to March 2007. As for chronic pain, the duration of pain and the intensity of pain, applied using the Visual Analogue Scale, were evaluated in each patient. In addition, their psychological features were examined with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and their coping styles were examined using the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS).
Results:  The duration of pain was not significantly correlated with values of the POMS or CISS. The intensity of pain according to the Visual Analogue Scale was significantly correlated with the tension–anxiety, anger–hostility and fatigue scales of the POMS. Also, the intensity of pain showed negative correlations with the avoidance-oriented coping scale of the CISS.
Conclusions:  Understanding psychological features and coping styles are critical when we determine the proper treatment for chronic pain.     

Paternal versus maternal coping styles with child diagnosis of developmental delay

Parents of children with disabilities vary in their reaction to their children's diagnosis. The current study focused on fathers in addition to mothers and examined their resolution and coping styles when having children diagnosed with developmental delay (DD). Sixty-five fathers and 71 mothers were interviewed using the reaction to the diagnosis interview (RDI; Pianta & Marvin, 1992a). Results indicated that the majority of parents were unresolved with their child's diagnosis, with no differences found between fathers’ and mothers’ rates of resolution. Furthermore, both parents of children that were diagnosed at a later age and parents that were less educated tended to be unresolved, as did fathers of a lower socioeconomic status. Older age of both children and mothers was related to maternal lack of resolution. Finally, an in-depth examination revealed significant differences in the manner in which fathers and mothers cope with their children's diagnosis: whereas mothers were more prone to using an emotional coping style, fathers tended to use a cognitive coping style. The clinical implications of paternal versus maternal coping styles are discussed.     

Disease consciousness and coping strategies of patients with schizophrenic psychosis

In 50 schizophrenic patients, semistructured interviews were carried out concerning disease consciousness, occupation with the disease and behaviour and coping in case of psychotic experiences; 72% of the patients occupied themselves with their disease. In 84% a disease consciousness was present; 38% gave a multifactorial explanation for their psychosis. In 94% the occasional appearance of psychotic experiences was acknowledged. In 86% specific changes of the individual behaviour for coping with these experiences were described. These changes included withdrawal, increasing of interpersonal contact, cognitive control, symptomatic behaviour and adjustment of the neuroleptic medication. The study shows that schizophrenic patients are not passive victims of their disease. In the majority of cases a disease consciousness is present. The patients try to cope with their psychotic experiences in individually different ways. It is assumed that a better knowledge of these strategies might enable the clinician to use these phenomena as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy.     

Personality profiles and coping styles in migraine patients with fibromyalgia comorbidity

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is frequently associated with migraine. In this study we aimed to compare personality profiles and coping styles across 23 migraine without aura patients sharing FM comorbidity (MWA-FM), 28 migraine without aura patients without FM symptoms (MWA) and 51 age- and sex-matched controls, by means of Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) and Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE), and to correlate main results with clinical features. The “Energy” personality factor was significantly reduced in patients presenting with FM symptoms, compared to both migraine without aura patients and controls. A low score in “Dynamism” sub-item with a high score in denial coping style was able to distinguish MWA from MW-FM groups with an accuracy of 82.35% (Wilks lambda = 0.98; chi-square = 8.99, DF = 1, p = 0.005). In particular, lower “Dynamism” scores corresponded to a major expression of allodynia, fatigue, anxiety, depression, headache frequency and poor quality of sleep and life.     

脑卒中患者的人格特征、应付方式和社会支持状况的调查研究

目的 调查脑卒中患者的人格特征、在不同情况下采用的应付方式和社会支持状况.方法 采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、应付方式问卷(CSQ)和社会支持评定量表(SSS)对68例脑卒中患者和68名正常对照者进行测评.结果 脑卒中组的内外倾向性分(E分)和情绪稳定性分(N分)(11.98±4.79,12.98±4.73)明显高于正常对照组(9.46±4.18,9.60±4.70)(均P＜0.01);脑卒中组自责和退避分量表的得分(3.49±1.29,5.68±1.63)均高于正常对照组(2.17±1.12,4.23±1.27),求助分量表的得分(3.07±2.31)低于正常对照组(5.29±2.03),差异有极显著性(均P＜0.01);脑卒中组社会支持总分(36.68±4.97)、客观支持评分(8.02±2.93)和对社会支持的利用度评分(6.74±2.13)显著低于正常对照组(41.22±3.41,9.88±2.76,8.38±1.82),差异有显著性(均P＜0.05).结论 脑卒中患者的人格具有外倾性和不稳定性;多采用不成熟的应付方式;脑卒中患者缺乏社会支持.     

伴有自杀意念抑郁症患者人格与应对方式的研究

目的:探讨伴自杀意念的抑郁症患者人格与应对方式及两者的相关性。方法:采用一般情况调查表和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)、自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)及简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对93例抑郁症患者进行调查和评估。结果:根据SIOSS评分93例抑郁症患者分为自杀意念组(SIOSS≥12分,57例)和非自杀意念组(SIOSS12分,36例);自杀意念组EPQ精神质(P)、神经质(N)分显著高于非自杀意念组(P均0.05);外向-内向(E)、掩饰因子(L)分显著低于非自杀意念组(P均0.05);SCSQ积极应对分显著低于非自杀意念组(P0.05)。EPQ-P、N与SCSQ-积极应对评分呈负相关;EPQ-E与积极应对评分呈正相关(P均0.05)。结论:伴自杀意念的抑郁症患者人格特征为情绪不稳定,性格内向,积极应对方式较少,这可能影响他们采取极端方式解决问题。     

酒依赖患者应对方式与家庭环境的关系

目的:探讨酒依赖患者应对方式与家庭环境的相关性。方法:对58例酒依赖患者(研究组)和60名无嗜酒史的当地市民(对照组)进行应对方式问卷(CSQ)和中文版的家庭环境量表(FES)调查,分析酒依赖患者应对方式与家庭环境因素的关系。结果:研究组CSQ中退避、幻想和自责因子分显著高于对照组(t=2.41,t=3.22,t=4.15;P0.05或P0.01);FES中亲密度、情感表达、娱乐性、道德宗教观、组织性评分显著低于对照组,矛盾性和控制性评分显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。研究组FES中亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性评分与CSQ解决问题评分呈正相关,情感表达评分与求助评分呈正相关,娱乐性评分与自责评分呈负相关(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:酒依赖患者应用不成熟的应对方式,不良家庭环境是其影响因素。     

强迫症患者艾森克人格与应付方式的相关性研究

目的探讨强迫症患者的艾森克人格、应付方式特点及两者的相关性。方法对58例强迫症患者（研究组）和69名健康人群（对照组）,分别进行艾森克人格问卷、应付方式问卷调查,对数据进行统计学相关分析。结果研究组艾森克人格在P、E、L上低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（t=-3．491,-6．378,-4．630;P〈0．01）,在N上高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（t=13．220;P〈0．01）;与对照组相比,研究组应付方式在解决问题、求助因子上低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（t=-6．734,-3．219;P〈0．01）,在自责、幻想、退避因子间高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（t=9．402,3．583,3．036;P〈0．01）;研究组中,EPQ在N、E、I。维度上与应付方式解决问题、求助、自责、幻想、退避因子关系密切,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论提示强迫症患者性格内省,常常焦虑、悲观,往往采取不成熟的应付方式,强迫症患者的性格与应付方式之间关系密切,应引起足够的重视。     

Parenting styles, coping strategies, and the expression of homesickness

The present study examined the role of parenting styles in the experience and expression of homesickness, and the way of coping with the feelings involved. Using a sample of 670 first year college and university students, aged 16 to 25, we tested three hypotheses: (1) authoritarian, permissive as well as uninvolved parenting are associated with the experience of homesickness, contrary to students with authoritative parents who are less likely to have feelings of homesickness; (2) students with authoritarian, permissive or uninvolved parents show their homesickness by internalizing and externalizing problems; and (3) students raised by authoritative or permissive parents use more effective coping strategies to deal with homesickness. Results indicated that students raised by authoritative and permissive parents experienced more homesickness with stronger feelings of homesickness than students raised by authoritarian or uninvolved parents. However, they hardly express homesickness by internalizing or externalizing problems when they use effective ways of coping, namely support-seeking and/or problem-solving. Students with parents endorsing an authoritarian or uninvolved parenting style, on the other hand, showed more internalizing and externalizing problems in reaction to feelings of homesickness. They also use less effective coping strategies. The results revealed the importance of a loving and accepting home environment for the development and expression of homesickness, as well as the importance of the way in which students learn to cope with their problems.     

新兵的应付方式、自尊水平与心理健康的关系

目的分析新兵的应付方式、自尊与心理健康的关系,为促进其心理健康提供理论依据。方法抽取陆军某部队2013夏秋入伍2~3周的421名新兵为研究对象,采用应付方式问卷(CSQ)、自尊量表(SES)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其心理应付方式、自尊水平和心理健康状况进行团体施测。结果 1独生子女新兵SES、解决问题因子评分低于非独生子女(t=-2.497,-2.445,P0.05),SCL-90总评分、自责与退避因子评分高于非独生子女(t=3.353,2.603,2.229,P0.05);城市新兵SCL-90总评分高于农村新兵(t=2.291,P0.05)。2新兵心理健康水平与解决问题、求助、自尊呈正相关(P0.05),与自责、幻想、退避、合理化呈负相关(P0.05);对心理健康水平影响大小依次是自责、自尊、幻想、解决问题、合理化因子。3解决问题、合理化、自责、幻想对心理健康产生直接影响(路径系数=-0.14,0.11,0.24,0.21),解决问题、合理化、自责通过自尊中介对心理健康产生间接影响(路径系数=0.35,0.17,0.36)。结论非独生子女与农村新兵心理健康水平较高,应付方式对新兵心理健康产生直接预测作用,自尊是应付方式与心理健康的中间变量。     

有无凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者智测结果比较

目的 探讨有凶杀行为与无凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者之间的认知差异.方法 对有凶杀行为的精神分裂症组(39例)、无凶杀行为的精神分裂症组(32例)及正常对照组(38例)进行韦氏成人智力测验,并比较三组间测验分数的差异.结果 除相似性分量表评分外,有凶杀行为的精神分裂症组与无凶杀行为的精神分裂症组其它各分量表评分和智商均显著低于正常对照组;有凶杀行为的精神分裂症组相似性分量表评分和言语智商均显著低于无凶杀行为的精神分裂症组.结论 精神分裂症患者存在认知缺损,且有凶杀行为和无凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者之间亦存在某种程度的认知差异.     

Symptom severity,amount of treatment,and 1-year outcomes among dual diagnosis patients

This study reports on associations among symptom severity, amount of treatment, and 1-year outcomes in a national sample of 8,622 dual diagnosis patients, who were classified at treatment entry into low-, moderate-, and high-severity groups. Patients with more severe symptoms at intake had poorer 1-year outcomes. Higher severity patients did not receive adequate doses of care: Compared with low-severity patients, they had a shorter duration of care, although a longer duration was associated with improved outcomes; they also were less likely to receive outpatient substance abuse treatment, although more intensive treatment was associated with better drug outcomes. High-severity patients improved more on drug and legal outcomes, but less on psychiatric and family/social outcomes, than low-severity patients did when treatment was of longer duration or higher intensity. Dual diagnosis patients with highly severe symptoms would likely benefit from a longer episode of care that includes substance abuse and psychiatric outpatient treatment.