生物样品中氟,含氟药物的测定及应用——硝酸钙添加剂高温灰化氟？…

用硝酸钙添加剂形成难熔的氟化钙，高温灰化进行样品前处理，以柠檬酸钠－氯化物－冰醋酸所组成的总离子强度调节剂（ＴＩＳＡＢ）的ｐＨ值控制在５．０－５．５之间，用氟离子选择电极测定生物样品中氟含量，间接求出５－ＦＵ，ＦＴ－２０７。可测血浆氟线性范围０．００５－０．０５和０．０５－２０μｇ／ｍｌ。相关系数为０．９９９８和０．９９９１，检测下限０．００５μｇ／ｍｌ，血浆５－ＦＵ可测范围０．００－６８４０．３     

高效液相色谱法测定氟氧头孢的血药浓度

建立了测定氟氧头孢血药浓度的ＨＰＬＣ法。采用Ｈｙｐｅｒｓｌｌ Ｃ１８色 柱,以甲醇－乙腈－水－磷酸－三乙胺（１６：６７８：０．２８：０．４）为流动相,流速为１．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,检测波长２７０ｎｍ灵敏度０．０５ＡＵＦＳ。该法线性范围为０．２５～１００μｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ－０．９９９８）,回事率大于９３％,日内、日间ＲＳＤ小于８．０％。     

HPLC法同时测定人血浆中四种氟喹诺酮药物的血药浓度

研究了用ＨＰＬＣ同时测定人血浆中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、洛美沙星和环丙沙星血药浓度的方法。采用ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ（１８）色谱柱（２５０ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍ,５μｍ）,以甲醇－０．００８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液－０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基溴化铵（１６：７５：１．４,ｐＨ２．６）为流动相,检测波长２８０ｎｍ,血浆样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白后进样,简便快速,回收率稳定,对氧氟沙星,诺氟沙星,洛美沙星,环丙沙星四种氟喹诺酮药物检测的线性范围分别为：０．１０～５．００μｇ／ｍｌ;０．１１～５．４０μｇ／ｍｌ;０．１３～５．００μｇ／ｍｌ;０．１０～１０．００μｇ／ｍｌ。其方法检测限为：２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ;２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ;２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ及４０ｎｇ／ｍｌ,回收率均高于８６％。应用本法观察了健康人口服氧氟沙星和环丙沙星后的血药浓度变化。     

区域性动脉灌注化疗中5-氟脲嘧啶在大鼠血液和胰腺组织中的分布

目的观察并比较区域性动脉灌注和静脉推注中５－氟脲嘧啶（５－ＦＵ）的吸收、分布和消除过程，为临床区域性动脉灌注化疗提供实验室依据。方法将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分为全身静脉给药组和区域性动脉灌注组，用高效液相色谱法分别测定两组血浆和胰腺组织中的５－ＦＵ浓度，并计算穿透指数和治疗优势度。结果静脉推注组胰腺组织中５－ＦＵ的最大浓度（Ｃｍａｘ）为８．４２ｕｇ／ｇ，存留时间为５０ｍｉｎ；区域性动脉灌注组胰腺组织中５－ＦＵ的Ｃｍａｘ为２０．００ｕｇ／ｇ，存留时间为９０ｍｉｎ，皆明显高于静脉推注组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。治疗优势度为２．４２。结论区域性动脉灌注５－ＦＵ能提高胰腺组织中５－ＦＵ浓度，延长胰腺癌组织和转移灶在５－ＦＵ中的暴露时间，改善治疗效果。     

人血浆中盐酸氟桂嗪HPLC测定及其药代动力学

建立了盐酸氟桂嗪的ＨＰＬＣ测定法。血浆样品碱化后用正已烷提取,以ＭｉｃｒｏＰａｃＭＣＨ－５为固定相,６５％甲醇,３５％水（含０．０２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基溴化铵,ｐＨ３．０）为流动相,紫外检测波长２５４ｎｍ。最低检出浓度为５．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ,线性范围１０．０～２００．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９８,ｎ＝６）,平均回收率为（９７．５５±２．６８）％（ＲＳＤ２．１３％。用本法测定了８名健康男性志愿者分别服用杨森产盐酸氟桂嗪胶囊和新昌产盐酸氟桂嗪片剂的血药浓度。结果表明,其血药浓度－时间曲线均符合一房室模型。新昌产盐酸氟桂嗪片的主要药代动力学参数Ｔ１／２Ｋａ＝（０．７７±０．１１）ｈ,Ｔ１／２Ｋｅ＝（５．０７±０．５２）ｈ,Ｔｍａｘ＝（２．７９±０．２４）ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ＝（９５．００±４．５２）ｎｇ／ｍｌ,ＡＵＣ＝（９９７．６±６２．５）ｎｇ·ｈ／ｍｌ,相对生物利用度为９６．４％。     

乙酰水杨酸－聚－α，β－DL－（3－羟丙基）－天冬酰胺共价复合体中乙酰水杨酸含量测定

作者采用比色测定法，建立了一种测定乙酰水杨酸－聚－α，β－ＤＬ－（３－羟丙基）－天冬酰胺（ＡＳＡ－ＰＨＰＡ）共价复合体中的乙酰水杨酸（ＡＳＡ）含量的方法。该法先将ＡＳＡ－ＰＨＰＡ经０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ水解生成水杨酸（ＳＡ）后，在ｐＨ２．５～３．５的缓冲溶液中，用ＦｅＣｌ３与ＳＡ生成络合物，检测波长为５２５ｎｍ，并进行比色测定，其线性范围在２～８０μｇ／ｍｌ，加样回收率为１００．１０±０．４４％，方法简便可行。     

氯硝安定血药浓度的HPLC测定法

采用高效液相色谱法测定氯硝安定血药浓度。结果表明血清浓度在０．０１－０．１６μｇ／ｍｌ范围线性良好，最低检测浓度０．０１μｇ／ｍｌ，相对回收率９７．３９％－１００．７９％，日内变异系数２．６０－３．２％，日间变异系数３．０４－５．０５％。本法具有、灵敏、快速等优点。     

示波极谱法测定酒中微量铅

用示波极谱法在ＰＨ５．３的六次甲基四胺－盐酸－邻菲啉体系中测定酒中微量铅。方法简便、快速、选择性好，灵敏度较高，检出限为０．００５μｇ·ｍｌ－１，线性范围为０．０２～１．３μｇ·ｍｌ－１，结果准确可靠，变异系数为２．６－６．８％，样品加标回收率为８８～１０９％。     

环丙沙星血药浓度的高效液相色谱法测定及人体药代动力学

本文建立了一种反相高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）测定环丙沙星血药浓度的方法。固定相为５μｍＵｌｆｒａｓｐｈｅｒｅ－ＯＤＳ，流动相为柠檬酸，醋酸钠与０．１％的三乙胺组成的缓冲液，乙腈，流速１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，室温ＵＶ检测波长２７８ｎｍ。线性范围０．１２５－１６．０μｇ／ｍｌ，ｒ＝０．９９９７，最低检测限０．０２５μｇ／ｍｌ。５例感洒病人的ＣＰＦ药时曲线用非房室模型拟合动力学参数结果：ＡＵＣ＝１１．１±２．８ｍ     

吐温——80苯芴酮分光光度法测定奶制品中微量锡

目的：研究快速测定奶制品中微量奶，方法：吐温－８０苯芴酮分光光度法，结果：线性范围０μｇ／ｍｌ～１０μｇ／ｍｌ，相关系数０．９９９４，测定２５个牛奶制品，检出２０份，范围０．０８７ｍｇ／Ｌ～１．９５ｍｇ／Ｌ，样品加标回收率９１．３％～９７．６％，变异系数１．７％～３．４％，结论：该法灵敏，准确，快速，适宜大批样品测定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.