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1.
R. Kikuchi T. Uemura I. Gorai S. Ohno H. Minaguchi 《Calcified tissue international》1999,64(2):102-106
To determine whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone
loss in the Japanese population, VDR BsmI RFLPs were analyzed in 191 postmenopausal Japanese women by comparing B allele and b allele DNA sequences, and a point mutation
was confirmed. We examined VDR BsmI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) using this point
of mutation. The frequency of VDR BsmI alleles in the Japanese population was significantly different from that in whites. The bb genotype was identified in 79.6%,
of the subjects, the Bb genotype in 19.3%, and the BB genotype was in only 1.1%. We find no significant differences in lumbar
spine baseline BMD between the bb genotype and the Bb genotype. In both early and late postmenopausal periods, serial measurements
of vertebral BMD revealed that subjects with the Bb genotype lost BMD faster than those with the bb genotype (P= 0.001). We conclude that there is a significant relationship between RFLPs of BsmI VDR and the annual rates of bone loss during early and late postmenopausal periods in the Japanese population.
Received: 14 May 1997 / Accepted: 9 July 1998 相似文献
2.
D. Holmberg-Marttila H. Sievänen P. Laippala R. Tuimala 《Osteoporosis international》2000,11(7):570-576
To determine the physiologic and habitual factors that may modulate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) postpartum, dual-energy
X-ray absorptiometry was performed at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and dominant distal radius immediately after delivery,
after resumption of menses, and 1 year thereafter in a cohort of 41 healthy postpartum Finnish women aged 31.5 (SD 4.6) years.
Mean durations of lactation and postpartum amenorrhea (PPA) were 7.7 (3.7) and 5.9 (2.9) months, respectively. After PPA,
significant bone losses of 2%–4% were observed at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Duration of PPA and different lactational
variables explained (adjusted R
2) from 21% to 27% of the variability in changes in BMD during PPA. A recovery to postpregnancy BMD levels was observed at
the lumbar spine; in contrast BMD at the femoral neck showed only a partial recovery. The duration of unsupplemented lactation
was weakly (adjusted R
2= 0.13) associated with recovery at the lumbar spine, while a long duration of total lactation also showed a weak association
(adjusted R
2= 0.02) with delayed recovery at the femoral neck. In conclusion, a systematic bone loss occurs during PPA, and after resumption
of menstruation BMD recovers despite continued lactation. However, the time of bony recovery back to postpregnancy level seems
to be modulated slightly by lactation habits. It is obvious that the control of postpartum BMD changes is a multifactorial
process that may be specific to the skeletal site of interest.
Received: 7 June 1999 / Accepted: 5 January 2000 相似文献
3.
Y. V. Ho E. M. Briganti Y. Duan R. Buchanan S. Hall E. Seeman 《Osteoporosis international》1999,9(2):134-138
Corticosteroid therapy (CST) is associated with reduced intestinal calcium absorption, bone loss and increased fracture risk.
As polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may be associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and intestinal calcium
absorption, we asked whether patients with a given VDR genotype receiving CST may be at increased or decreased risk for corticosteroid-related
bone loss and osteoporosis. We measured areal BMD (g/cm2) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 193 women (50 premenopausal, 143 postmenopausal) and 70 men with rheumatoid arthritis
(n= 44), obstructive airway diseases (n= 128) and other corticosteroid-treated diseases (n= 91). All patients received a cumulative dose greater than 1.8 g per year or a minimum of 5 mg daily of prednisolone or equivalent
for at least 1 year. VDR alleles were typed by polymerase chain reaction assay based on the polymorphic BsmI and TaqI restriction sites. BMD in patients was expressed as a Z-score (mean ± SEM) derived from age- and gender-matched controls. BMD was reduced in patients at the lumbar spine (bb, −0.52
± 0.12; Bb, −0.47 ± 0.11; BB, −0.65 ± 0.18 SD; p<0.01), femoral neck (bb, −0.46 ± 0.10; Bb, −0.34 ± 0.10; BB, −0.54 ± 0.14 SD; p<0.01), Ward’s triangle (bb, −0.44 ± 0.10; Bb, −0.31 ± 0.10; BB, −0.45 ± 0.13 SD; p<0.01), and trochanter (bb, −0.50 ± 0.10; Bb, −0.30 ± 0.10; BB, −0.44 ± 0.14 SD; p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the deficit in BMD in any of the genotypes, either before or after
adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, disease type, age at onset of disease, disease duration, cumulative steroid dosage,
smoking status and dietary calcium intake. Similarly, there were no detectable differences between the BsmI genotypes and the rate of bone loss in 79 patients with repeated BMD measurements at an interval of 4–48 months. The data
suggest that the VDR genotypes may not be a means of identifying patients at greater risk of corticosteroid-related bone loss.
Received: 23 December 1997 / Accepted: 26 May 1998 相似文献
4.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, Bone Mass, Bone Loss and Prevalence of Vertebral Fracture: Differences in Postmenopausal Women and Men 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
C. Gómez M. L. Naves Y. Barrios J. B. Díaz J. L. Fernández E. Salido A. Torres J. B. Cannata 《Osteoporosis international》1999,10(3):175-182
Bone mineral density (BMD), the major determinant of fracture risk, is under strong genetic control. Although polymorphisms
of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been suggested to account for some of the genetic variation in bone mass, the influence
of VDR genotypes on osteoporosis remains controversial. Previous published studies have focused mainly on women, but the pattern
of response in men has not been determined. Using the BsmI restriction enzyme, we studied the influence of the different VDR genotypes on bone mass, bone loss and the prevalence of
vertebral fractures in a population-based sample of both sexes (n = 326). BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, with a 4-year interval, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Vertebral fractures were assessed by two lateral radiographs at the beginning and end of the study. The prevalence of the
three possible VDR genotypes was similar to those in other Caucasian populations and no differences were found between men
and women. Women with the favorable bb genotype showed significantly higher BMD values at the lumbar spine and femoral neck,
and a positive rate of BMD change at the femoral neck compared with women with the BB and Bb genotypes. Moreover, women with
the bb genotype showed a trend toward a lower prevalence and incidence of vertebral fractures (p= 0.07). We have not found any differences between VDR genotypes in men. In conclusion, VDR gene polymorphisms are related
to bone mass and bone loss in women; also a trend in the prevalence of vertebral fractures was observed in postmenopausal
women but not in men.
Received: 8 June 1998 / Accepted: 7 December 1998 相似文献
5.
L. M. Salamone T. Whiteside D. Friberg R. S. Epstein L. H. Kuller J. A. Cauley 《Calcified tissue international》1998,63(6):466-470
Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) can influence both bone resorption
and bone formation. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between cytokine production
by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bone mineral density (BMD); the annual rate of change in BMD was examined.
Subjects participating in a randomized clinical trial entitled the Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project in Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania were used. They included 50 healthy premenopausal women, aged 45–52 years, who had regular menses within the
past 3 months and were not on replacement estrogens. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements at the AP lumbar spine
and femoral neck were made at baseline and at the first annual exam using a Hologic QDR 2000 densitometer. Cytokine production
of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by PBMC was measured at the annual exam. The median values for stimulated cytokine production by
PBMC were 3.92 ng/ml, 31.3 ng/ml, and 1.05 ng/ml, for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, respectively. There were modest correlations
between cytokine production and cross-sectional BMD, ranging from r =−0.30 to r =−0.13. Trends of greater spinal bone loss
were observed in women with ``high' (≥75th percentile) cytokine production of stimulated IL-1β and IL-6 (IL-1β: ``high'
=−1.56% ± 0.70 versus ``low' (<75th percentile) =−0.56% ± 0.35, P= 0.21). In contrast, greater annual gains in femoral neck BMD were observed in those with high cytokine production of IL-1β
and IL-6 (IL-1β: high = 3.39% ± 1.16 versus low =−0.85 ± 0.58, P= 0.002). There was no association between stimulated TNF production and annual change in BMD. In this population of healthy
premenopausal women, the relationship between cytokine production by PBMC and the rate of change in BMD was significantly
different for the lumbar spine and femoral neck, possibly reflecting differences in the proportion of trabecular and cortical
bone at these sites.
Received: 5 February 1997 / Accepted: 11 May 1998 相似文献
6.
Hong-Wen Deng Jian Li Jin-Long Li M. Johnson G. Gong R. R. Recker 《Osteoporosis international》1999,9(6):499-507
Much work has been done on the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes and bone mineral density (BMD). Despite
considerable effort, the results are inconsistent. While the VDR association remains unresolved, studies have expanded to
other candidate genes (i.e., estrogen receptor (ER) genotypes), also yielding inconsistent results. A few studies have suggested
that interaction effects between VDR and ER genotypes significantly affect BMD. We assessed associations of BMD with VDR BsmI genotypes, and ER XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms (denoted as ERX and ERP respectively) with spine, femoral neck, distal radius BMD, and with total body bone
mineral content (tbBMC) in 108 US Mid-western postmenopausal Caucasian women. We statistically controlled for confounding
factors such as height, weight, etc., in the analysis. No significant association was detected for ER genotypes with spine
and radius BMD, or for VDR genotypes with femoral neck and radius BMD and tbBMC. No significant interaction between VDR and
ER genotypes was detected in our sample. However, the VDR genotypes are significantly (p = 0.004) associated with *5.8% spine BMD variation. Both ERX and ERP genotypes are significantly (p = 0.02) associated with *3.5% femoral neck BMD variation. ERX genotypes are significantly (p = 0.03) associated with *2.4% tbBMC variation. However, if the data were analyzed by simple ANOVA as in some previous studies,
without adjusting statistically for confounding factors, all the significant results we found here would have gone undetected.
Our findings suggest that: (1) VDR and ER genotypes may have different effects on BMD at different sites and on tbBMC; and
(2) if significant factors influencing bone are not appropriately controlled, true significant associations can easily be
missed. These findings may offer a partial explanation for some of the earlier inconsistent results of association studies
on BMD with VDR and ER genotypes.
Received: 4 August 1998 / Accepted: 2 November 1998 相似文献
7.
Age-Related Changes in Serum Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and its Relationships with Bone Density, Bone Quality, and Hip Fracture 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
The effect of the degree of carboxylation of osteocalcin (OC) on the properties of bone is unclear. The aim of this study
was to relate serum concentrations of total OC (tOC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC), measured with a two-site immunoassay,
to bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and ultrasonic transmitted velocity (UTV) at the os calcis in 257 women
aged 60–99 years, 22 of whom had sustained a hip fracture. There was an increase in tOC (r = 0.19, P= 0.003) and ucOC (r = 0.20, P= 0.002) with age. No significant difference in tOC or ucOC between subjects with and without hip fracture was found. Serum
tOC was negatively correlated with femoral neck BMD (r =−0.23, P= 0.0001) and os calcis UTV (r =−0.29, P= 0.0001) and partial correlations indicated that these relationships were independent of age. Serum ucOC also correlated
negatively with os calcis UTV (r =−0.21, P= 0.001) and less strongly with femoral neck BMD (r =−0.13, P= 0.052). After adjusting for age, only the relationship between ucOC and os calcis UTV remained significant (r =−0.16, P= 0.017). It is concluded that in women over 60 years, the increase in tOC reflects an age-related rise in bone remodeling,
whereas the increase in ucOC reflects an age-related fall in vitamin K status. The stronger relationship of ucOC with UTV
than BMD suggests that the rise in ucOC may perhaps relate more to changes in bone quality than mineral content. Higher serum
ucOC concentrations in subjects with a history of hip fracture could not be confirmed.
Received: 8 January 1997 / Accepted: 29 September 1997 相似文献
8.
Lifestyle Determinants of Bone Mineral: A Comparison Between Prepubertal Asian- and Caucasian-Canadian Boys and Girls 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in lifestyle and morphometric factors that affect bone mineral and
the attainment of peak bone mass in 168 healthy Asian (n = 58) and Caucasian (n = 110) Canadian, prepubertal girls and boys
(mean age 8.9 ± 0.7) living in close geographical proximity. DXA (Hologic 4500) scans of the proximal femur (with regions),
lumbar spine, and total body (TB) were acquired. We report areal bone mineral densities (aBMD g/cm2) at all sites and estimated volumetric density (νBMD, g/cm3) at the femoral neck. Dietary calcium, physical activity, and maturity were estimated by questionnaire. Of these prepubertal
children, all of the boys and 89% of the girls were Tanner stage 1. A 2 × 2 ANOVA demonstrated no difference between ethnicities
for height, weight, body fat, or bone mineral free lean mass. Asian children consumed significantly less dietary calcium (35%)
on average and were significantly less active (15%) than their Caucasian counterparts (P < 0.001). There were significant ethnicity main effects for femoral neck bone mineral content (BMC) and αBMD (both P < 0.001) and significant sex by ethnicity interactions (P < 0.01). The Asian boys had significantly lower femoral neck BMC (11%), aBMD (8%), and νBMD (4.4%). At the femoral neck, BMFL mass, sex, and physical activity explained 37% of the total variance
in aBMD (P < 0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated differences in modifiable lifestyle factors and femoral neck bone mineral between
Asian and Caucasian boys.
Received: 21 July 1998 / Accepted: 30 September 1999 相似文献
9.
T. L. N. Järvinen T. A. H. Järvinen H. Sievänen A. Heinonen M. Tanner X.-H. Huang A. Nenonen J. J. Isola M. Järvinen P. Kannus 《Calcified tissue international》1998,62(5):413-417
The objective of this prospective controlled study was to determine whether the osteogenic response of bone to mechanical
loading is dependent on the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism. Thirty-five healthy premenopausal women took part in a
progressive, high-impact exercise three times a week for a period of 18 months and 45 women served as nonexercising controls.
The trainees were divided into three groups: bb (n = 12, 34%); Bb (n = 16, 46%); BB (n = 7, 20%) according to polymorphism
at the gene encoding the VDR (BB representing subjects without the restriction enzyme BsmI sites on the two VDR gene alleles). Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at the
lumber spine, proximal femur, knee, calcaneus, and dominant distal radius before the beginning of the exercise regimen and
at 12 and 18 months of training using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). As an indicator of the total osteogenic effect
of the training, ΣBMC was derived by summing up the BMC values of the loaded sites (i.e., the lower limb sites and the lumbar
spine). The mean ΣBMC increased 2.0% in the bb group, 3.0% in the Bb group, and 2.8% in the BB group (P= 0.184 for the intergroup difference), but only 0.8% in the controls (exercisers versus controls, P < 0.001). Individuals with the BB genotype of the VDR gene, subjects with whom the BMC can be lower than normal and whose
bones can be less responsive to pharmacological therapies than bones of the other individuals, seem to have as good osteogenic
response to mechanical loading as subjects with other VDR genotypes. Thus, irrespective of the VDR genotype, physical activity
seems to be beneficial for bones of premenopausal women.
Received: 14 May 1997 / Accepted: 14 November 1997 相似文献
10.
Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes and Intestinal Calcium Absorption in Postmenopausal Women 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
L. Gennari L. Becherini L. Masi S. Gonnelli C. Cepollaro S. Martini R. Mansani M. L. Brandi 《Calcified tissue international》1997,61(6):460-463
Several studies have shown that bone mass and bone turnover are genetically determined. This genetic component is thought
to be mediated in part by polymorphisms at the vitamin D receptor (VDR) locus, even though the underlying molecular mechanisms
are still unknown. To evaluate a possible site of differential action of the VDR gene alleles we examined their correlation
with intestinal calcium absorption in 120 Caucasian postmenopausal women (aged 61 ± 0.6 years). VDR gene polymorphisms for
Apa I, Bsm I, and Taq I restriction endonucleases were assessed by Southern blotting analysis. The most common genotypes observed
in our population were AaBbTt (37%), AABBtt (20%), aabbTT (15%), AabbTT (15%), and AABbTt (9%). Although there was some evidence
of 13% higher lumbar BMD values in aabbTT genotype with respect to AABBtt genotype, this difference of approximately 0.1 g/cm2 did not reach statistical significance, possibly because of the limited number of observations. On the contrary, no relationship
was found between genotypes and femoral neck BMD values. Intestinal calcium absorption was significantly lower in BB and tt
genotypes than, in bb and TT genotypes, respectively, and in AABBtt genotype than in either aabbTT or AaBbTt genotypes (P= 0.0015 ANOVA). No significant differences in intact PTH, alkaline phosphatase, 25OHD3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 were found among subjects with different VDR genotypes. These results are consistent with a possible role of VDR alleles
on intestinal calcium absorption. 相似文献
11.
I. Gorai O. Chaki Y. Taguchi M. Nakayama H. Osada N. Suzuki N. Katagiri Y. Misu H. Minaguchi 《Calcified tissue international》1999,65(1):16-22
A total of 79 Japanese women who were within 5 years of menopause were randomly assigned 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1α(OH)D3] 1.0 μg/day, conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg/day, a combination of both, or control (no treatment). Lumbar spine and proximal
femur bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical indices were monitored over 2 years. In the 1α(OH)D3-treated group, there was a nonsignificant decrease in lumbar spine BMD compared with controls, and no significant loss in
the femoral neck compared with controls. In the estrogen-treated group, there was a nonsignificant increase in spine BMD (+2.17%
in the first year and +1.71% in the second year), and no loss in femoral neck BMD. The combination of conjugated estrogens
+1α(OH)D3 was more effective in increasing BMD in the spine (+3.68% in the first year and +3.63% in the second year) and femur (+2.56%
in the first year and +4.44% in the second year) BMD. There was a significant difference in lumbar spine BMD in both the first
and second years between the combination-treated group and the 1α(OH)D3-treated and control groups (P < 0.01). Serum osteocalcin (OC) significantly decreased in the combination-treated group (−23.8% in the first year) and the
estrogen-treated group (−37.6% and −41.2% at 6 and 18 months, respectively), and serum alkaline phosphatase (Alp) decreased
significantly in the first year in the combination-treated (−31.5%), estrogen-treated (−27.3%), and 1α(OH)D3-treated (−7.9%) groups, whereas serum OC increased (+45.4% in the first year) in women without treatment. The results of
this study indicate that early postmenopausal bone loss in the femoral neck is prevented by conjugated estrogens, 1α(OH)D3, or both, whereas bone loss in the spine is not prevented by 1α(OH)D3. Estrogen proves effective in preventing early postmenopausal bone loss by markedly inhibiting bone turnover. Moreover, a
synergistic bone-sparing effect can be expected when estrogen is administered concomitantly with 1α(OH)D3 rather than when used alone.
Received: 28 April 1998 / Accepted: 23 December 1998 相似文献
12.
J. M. Thompson G. W. Modin C. D. Arnaud N. E. Lane 《Calcified tissue international》1997,61(5):377-381
Chronic steroid use results in osteoporosis, and postmenopausal women are believed to be at a high risk for steroid-induced
bone loss. The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women on
both chronic steroid and hormone replacement therapy. Seventy-six postmenopausal women (≥3 years postmenopausal, ≥2 years
of steroid treatment of ≥5 mg/day of prednisone, and ≥1 year of hormone replacement therapy) were recruited into this study.
Measurements of BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained in all subjects. Risk factors for osteoporosis were
obtained by questionnaire. Discriminant analysis was performed to determine predictors of BMD. Osteoporosis, defined by a
T score of <−2.5, was present in the lumbar spine or femoral neck in 34 of the 76 subjects. Based on these criteria, women
with osteoporosis were significantly older, were more years postmenopausal, and had a lower body mass index (BMI) than women
who did not have osteoporosis. Predictors of osteoporosis for both the femoral neck and spine included a low BMI (P < 0.05),
more years postmenopausal (P < 0.01), and more years on steroids (P < 0.01). Low BMI was the only significant predictor of osteoporosis in the lumbar spine (P < 0.05), whereas for the femoral neck both years on steroids (P < 0.05) and BMI (P < 0.05) were significant predictors of low BMD. In summary, not all postmenopausal women on chronic steroid and hormone replacement
therapy are osteoporotic but a low BMI, more years on steroids, and more years postmenopausal were significant predictors
of osteoporosis in these subjects.
Received: 8 November 1997 / Accepted: 21 May 1997 相似文献
13.
Resch H Newrkla S Grampp S Resch A Zapf S Piringer S Hockl A Weiss P 《Calcified tissue international》2000,66(5):338-341
In 20 patients (mean age 23 ± 5 years) with anorexia nervosa (AN), bone mass was evaluated by broadband ultrasound attenuation
(BUA) of the calcaneus, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the distal radius, and dual X-ray absorptiometry
(DXA) of the lumbar spine and the hip. Compared with 20 age- and sex- matched healthy controls, patients with AN showed marked
osteopenia at all measuring sites. Values of BUA (33.0 ± 9dB/MHz vs. 51.0 ± 5.7 dB/MHz; P < 0.0001) and of BMD of all regions of the hip (e.g., femoral neck: 0.71 ± 0.13 g/cm2 versus 0.89 ± 0.07 g/cm2; P < 0.001), lumbar spine (0.82 ± 0.15 g/cm2 versus 1.24 ± 0.06 g/cm2; P < 0.003) and total BMD of the peripheral radius (303.2 ± 75 g/cm3 versus 369.4 ± 53.2 g/cm3, P < 0.001) were significantly reduced. Calculating a Z-score we found the most prominent differences between AN and controls
by BUA of the calcaneus (−3.2 ± 1.6), followed by DXA at the lumbar spine (−2.9 ± 2.2) and the hip (femoral neck −2.1 ± 1.7)
and by pQCT at the distal radius (total BMD −1.2 ± 2.0). There were highly significant correlations between BUA of the calcaneus
and BMD of the femoral neck (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001) and lumbar spine (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001) as well as between BMD values of the femoral neck and lumbar spine (r = 0.95; P < 0.0001). In addition, there were significant correlations (P < 0.001) between body mass index (BMI) and the three different measuring sites and between the duration of the disease and
BUA (r = 0.5, P < 0.05). Our data suggest that BUA of the calcaneus is a valuable tool in the management of osteoporosis. Being a fast, radiation-free
investigation method of good acceptance, it may be well suited for an assessment of the skeletal status in patients with AN.
Received: 14 October 1998 / Accepted: 10 December 1999 相似文献
14.
Bone Mineral Density in the Chronic Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
J. Leppälä P. Kannus A. Natri H. Sievänen M. Järvinen I. Vuori 《Calcified tissue international》1998,62(6):548-553
Bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical status of 40 patients with a chronic, unilateral patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)
were determinated. The mean duration of the disease at the time of the follow-up was 7.6 ± 1.8 (SD) years. The BMD was measured
at the spine (L2–L4), and the femoral neck, trochanter area of the femur, distal femur, patella, proximal tibia, and calcaneus
of both lower extremities using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometric (DXA) scanner. The mean BMD of the affected limb (compared
with the unaffected side) was significantly lower in the distal femur (−3.3%; P= 0.002), patella (−2.5%; P= 0.016), and proximal tibia (−1.9%; P= 0.008). The femoral neck, trochanter area of the femur, and calcaneus showed no significant side-to-side differences, and
the spinal BMDs of men and women with the PFPS were comparable with the manufacturer's age-adjusted reference values for Western
European men and women. The relative BMDs of the affected knee showed strongest correlation with the muscle strength of the
same knee: the better the muscle strength compared with the healthy knee, the higher the relative BMD (r = 0.56–0.58 with
P < 0.001 in each anatomic site of the knee). In the stepwise regression analysis, low body weight or low body mass index,
high level of physical activity, the patient's good subjective overall assessment of his/her affected knee, and short duration
of the symptoms were also independent predictors of the high relative BMD in the affected knee so that along with the muscle
strength these variables could account for 51% of the variation seen in the relative BMD of the femur, 61% in the patella,
and 54% in the proximal tibia. In conclusion, chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome results in a significantly decreased BMD
in the knee region of the affected limb. The spine, proximal femur, and calcaneus are not affected. Recovery of normal muscle
strength and knee function seems to be of great importance for good BMD.
Received: 30 May 1997 / Accepted: 8 January 1998 相似文献
15.
Absence of Linkage for Bone Mineral Density to Chromosome 12q12-14 in the Region of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zee RY Myers RH Hannan MT Wilson PW Ordovas JM Schaefer EJ Lindpaintner K Kiel DP 《Calcified tissue international》2000,67(6):434-439
Polymorphisms in the region of the gene for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) (chromosome 12q12-14) have been associated with
differences in bone mineral density (BMD) in some studies but not in others. Because linkage analysis assesses allele sharing
identical-by-descent among relatives instead of the association of a particular allele of an anonymous marker, we have performed
a linkage study for bone BMD using microsatellite markers flanking the VDR locus. The present study explores whether or not relatives who share the chromosomal region containing the VDR gene have
more similar bone density. Participants in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study (aged 37–89 years) who had undergone BMD testing
were used to test for concordance of genotype with phenotype in the hip (femoral neck, Ward's area, trochanter) and lumbar
spine (L2-L4) with adjustment for covariates. Multipoint quantitative trait linkage analysis using variance components methods
was conducted with microsatellite markers flanking the VDR locus (GATA91H06, GATA5A09, GGAT2G06) in 332 extended families containing 1062 individuals with both bone density measures and marker data. In addition, quantitative
trait sib-pair linkage analysis, with a marker (AFM345xf1) in close proximity to the VDR locus, was performed in a second sample of 169 sibships (n = 413), comprising 284 full-sib pairs. Neither analysis revealed
evidence for linkage of this region to femoral neck, Ward's area, lumbar spine, and trochanter in age or sex BMI, and height-adjusted
bone density measures. Additional adjustment for alcohol intake, caffeine consumption, smoking status, and estrogen supplement
(female only) did not alter the results. The present study could not demonstrate linkage of BMD to chromosome 12q12-14. These
findings suggest that neither the VDR gene nor other genes at this locus are likely to have a substantial impact upon bone
density.
Received: 23 February 2000 / Accepted: 3 August 2000 / Online publication: 22 December 2000 相似文献
16.
Symmetry of Bone Mineral Density at the Proximal Femur with Emphasis on the Effect of Side Dominance
The symmetry and effect of side dominance on the bone mineral density (BMD) of proximal femur was evaluated in 266 normal
Chinese women with a dual photon absorptiometer (DPA, Norland 2600). The BMDs of the femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's
triangle at the proximal femur in the dominant leg (BMDd) were compared with those of the nondominant side (BMDn). The linear
regression of BMDd and BMDn of the corresponding regions at the proximal femur showed a good correlation (r = 0.893–0.941,
SEE = 0.052–0.062 g/cm2). The paired difference of proximal femoral BMD was −0.002 ± 0.062 g/cm2 for the femoral neck, 0.003 ± 0.054 g/cm2 for the trochanter, and 0.008 ± 0.062 g/cm2 for the Ward's triangle. The ratio of asymmetry for femoral neck BMD was mean ± SD =−0.4 ± 7.8%, for trochanter 0.6 ± 8.1%,
and for the Ward's triangle 1.3 ± 9.7%. Both paired difference and ratio of asymmetry between BMDd and BMDn were approximately
normally distributed, with a mean ± 2 SD ranging from −0.126 to 0.122 g/cm2 for paired difference and −16.0% to 15.2% for the ratio of asymmetry in the femoral neck. These data revealed that dominance
had little effect on the proximal femur BMDs. However, the wide range of paired difference and ratio of asymmetry of the proximal
femur BMD in the normal individuals should be considered in the interpretation of the proximal femoral BMD.
Received: 26 July 1996 / Accepted: 23 April 1997 相似文献
17.
Total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone turnover were tested in
50 highly trained women athletes and 21 sedentary control women (18–69 years; BMI < 25 kg/m2). VO2max (ml · kg−1· min−1) and lean tissue mass (DXA) were significantly higher in the athletes versus controls (both P < 0.0001). Total body BMD did not decline significantly with age in the athletes whereas lumbar spine (L2–L4) BMD approached statistical significance (r =−0.26; P= 0.07). Significant losses of the femoral neck (r =− 0.42), Ward's triangle (r =−0.53), and greater trochanter BMD (r =−0.33;
all P < 0.05) occurred with age in the athletes. In the athletes, total body BMD, L2–L4 BMD, and BMD of all sites of the femur were associated with lean tissue mass (r = 0.32 to r = 0.57, all P < 0.05) and VO2max (r = 0.29 to r = 0.48, all P < 0.05). Femoral neck and greater trochanter BMD were higher in the athletes than in controls (both P < 0.05) and lumbar spine and Ward's triangle BMD approached statistical significance (both P= 0.07). Bone turnover was assessed by serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links
(Dpd), and urinary aminoterminal cross-linked telopeptides (NTX). There were no relationships between B-ALP or Dpd with age
whereas NTX increased with age (r = 0.46, P < 0.05) in the entire group. Levels of B-ALP and NTX were negatively associated with total body, L2–L4, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter BMD (P < 0.05). B-ALP and Dpd were not significantly different between athletes and controls whereas NTX was lower in the athletes
than in controls (P < 0.001). The high levels of physical activity observed in women athletes increase aerobic capacity and improve muscle mass
but are not sufficient to prevent the loss of bone with aging.
Received: 28 November 1997 / Accepted: 8 April 1998 相似文献
18.
Areal bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) of five healthy women (aged 26–30 years) was measured at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and dominant distal radius
with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before pregnancy, immediately after delivery, 1 month after the resumption of menses
and 1 year thereafter. Because of the small number of subjects, only individual changes in BMD that were greater than 2√2
times the short-term in vivo precision were considered as significant changes. To obtain a further perspective, the reproduction-related
BMD changes were compared with twice the standard deviation (SD) of the BMD changes in healthy premenopausal women (about
± 5%), and with the SD of the BMD in a cross-sectional sample of young healthy women. The duration of postpartum amenorrhea
(PPA) and of lactation in our subjects ranged from about 2 months to 1 year and from 5 months to almost 2 years, respectively.
No clear association between PPA and lactation could be seen. The magnitudes of reproduction-related BMD changes in general
seemed not to differ substantially from about ± 5% variability in BMD changes in healthy nonpregnant and nonlactating women.
There was, however, some tendency toward systematic bone loss at the lumbar spine (about –3%) during pregnancy and at the
femoral neck during PPA (about –5% as compared with prepregnancy data). Some individuals can yet show large, systematic bone
losses comparable to 1 SD in magnitude. The site-specific reproduction-induced bone loss and consequent recovery are apparently
multifactorial phenomena that may be related not only to duration and magnitude of lactation and/or duration of postpartum
amenorrhea, but also to prevailing biomechanical and dietary factors, and other yet unknown individually modulated factors.
Received: 31 March 1998 / Accepted: 25 November 1998 相似文献
19.
Association Study of Parathyroid Hormone Gene Polymorphism and Bone Mineral Density in Japanese Postmenopausal Women 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
Hosoi T Miyao M Inoue S Hoshino S Shiraki M Orimo H Ouchi Y 《Calcified tissue international》1999,64(3):205-208
Association of BST B1 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene with bone mineral density (BMD)
was examined in 383 healthy postmenopausal women in Japan who were unrelated. The RFLP was represented as B or b, the capital
letter signifying the presence of and the small letter the absence of restriction site for BST B1. The frequency of each genotype—BB, Bb, and bb—was 82.5%, 16.7%, and 0.8%, respectively. When we statistically compared
age, years after menopause, body height, and body weight between the BB genotype and the Bb genotype groups, there was no
significant difference between the groups. However, the lumbar BMD and the score of BMD adjusted for age and body weight (Z
score) were significantly lower in the group of genotype Bb than in the BB: 0.859 ± 0.019 g/cm2 versus 0.925 ± 0.011 (mean ± SE, P= 0.01) and −0.412 ± 0.138 versus 0.067 ± 0.082 (mean ± SE, P= 0.01). In addition, the Z score of total body BMD in the Bb genotype group was lower than that in the BB group. Comparison
of serum and urinary biochemical bone metabolic markers suggested that the subjects with Bb genotype might be in a relatively
higher state of bone turnover than those with BB genotype. These results suggest that the polymorphism in the PTH gene would
be a useful genetic marker for lower BMD and the susceptibility for osteoporosis.
Received: 19 March 1998 / Accepted: 24 June 1998 相似文献
20.
The aim of this study was to determine possible associations between bone mineral density (BMD), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)
and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH). In a retrospective study we examined the case notes of free-living postmenopausal women
living in our city (34° S). We also report a low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <25 nmol/l, 5.6%) and of secondary
hyperparathyroidism (intact PTH >65 pg/ml, 7.5%). Age was correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine (r=−0.25, p = 0.00038) and femoral neck (r=−0.252, p = 0.0003). Body mass index (BMI) was correlated with BMD at the femoral neck (r= 0.177, p = 0.021) but not at the lumbar spine. 25(OH)D was positively correlated with BMD at the femoral neck (r = 0.149, p=0.036) but not at the lumbar spine. PTH was positively correlated with age (r= 0.279, p = 0.012) and negatively correlated with 25(OH)D (r=−0.322, p = 0.0036). PTH was also negatively correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine (r=−0.258, p=0.02) and the femoral neck (r=−0.282, p = 0.011). Forward stepwise multiple regression showed that BMI, age and 25(OH)D made significant contributions to BMD at
the femoral neck. PTH also showed a significant contribution to BMD at both sites. In conclusion, weak correlations found
between PTH and 25(OH)D and BMD suggest these biochemical variables, among other factors, contribute to lumbar spine and femoral
neck BMD.
Received: 19 February 2000 / Accepted: 20 June 2000 相似文献