累及黄斑的视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后中心凹显微结构及视力变化

目的 应用高清频域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)~察累及黄斑的视网膜脱离扣带术前后黄斑中心凹的显微结构变化,评估其对术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)的影响.方法 回顾性研究分析22例一次性手术成功的累积黄斑的视网膜脱离患者的资料,术前及术后1月,3月应用SD-OCT观察中心凹显微结构变化,测量黄斑脱离高度及外核层(ONL)厚度.结果 22例患者术后1月13例(59%)有黄斑下积液.发病年龄、术前ONL厚度与术后BCVA不相关,而病程、术前视力、黄斑脱离高度、脱离范围、术后ONL厚度及术后有无黄斑积液均与术后BCVA显著相关(P=0.046,0.0001.0.0007,0.036.0.01 1.0.002).术后有黄斑积液眼与无黄斑积液眼术后视力差异有统计学意义(u=25,P相似文献   

累及黄斑的视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后中心凹显微结构及视力变化

目的 应用高清频域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)~察累及黄斑的视网膜脱离扣带术前后黄斑中心凹的显微结构变化,评估其对术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)的影响.方法 回顾性研究分析22例一次性手术成功的累积黄斑的视网膜脱离患者的资料,术前及术后1月,3月应用SD-OCT观察中心凹显微结构变化,测量黄斑脱离高度及外核层(ONL)厚度.结果 22例患者术后1月13例(59%)有黄斑下积液.发病年龄、术前ONL厚度与术后BCVA不相关,而病程、术前视力、黄斑脱离高度、脱离范围、术后ONL厚度及术后有无黄斑积液均与术后BCVA显著相关(P=0.046,0.0001.0.0007,0.036.0.01 1.0.002).术后有黄斑积液眼与无黄斑积液眼术后视力差异有统计学意义(u=25,P相似文献   

累及黄斑的视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后中心凹显微结构及视力变化

目的 应用高清频域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)~察累及黄斑的视网膜脱离扣带术前后黄斑中心凹的显微结构变化,评估其对术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)的影响.方法 回顾性研究分析22例一次性手术成功的累积黄斑的视网膜脱离患者的资料,术前及术后1月,3月应用SD-OCT观察中心凹显微结构变化,测量黄斑脱离高度及外核层(ONL)厚度.结果 22例患者术后1月13例(59%)有黄斑下积液.发病年龄、术前ONL厚度与术后BCVA不相关,而病程、术前视力、黄斑脱离高度、脱离范围、术后ONL厚度及术后有无黄斑积液均与术后BCVA显著相关(P=0.046,0.0001.0.0007,0.036.0.01 1.0.002).术后有黄斑积液眼与无黄斑积液眼术后视力差异有统计学意义(u=25,P相似文献   

谱域光学相干断层扫描对孔源性视网膜脱离术后黄斑微结构的观察

目的 运用谱域光学相干断层扫描仪对孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)术后患者的视网膜结构进行观察.方法 在我院眼科行RRD复位术后1年以上的患者17例(17眼),包括行玻璃体切除术8例,巩膜外环扎外加压术8例,玻璃体切除联合巩膜外环扎1例.17例中,巩膜外冷凝12例,眼内光凝5例.OCT检查观察视网膜结构变化.并用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析及独立样本t检验.结果 发现10只眼有黄斑区的组织结构异常(58.82％),这些异常包括视网膜变薄2例(11.76％),视网膜前膜6例(35.29％),视网膜水肿2例(11.76％),板层视网膜裂孔1例(5.88％)、脉络膜视网膜萎缩1例(5.88％)、感光细胞内节和外节(IS/OS)连接线的异常4例(包括IS/OS连接线断裂及萎缩)(23.53％)、视网膜外界膜断裂2例(11.76％),外核层高反射点2例(11.76％).在视网膜脱离累及黄斑的患者中,视网膜前膜和感光细胞IS/OS连接线异常所占的比例均为50％,比例较高.结论 OCT因其能够清晰观察黄斑微结构改变,为RRD术后视力预后评估及随访治疗提供了极大方便.     

孔源性视网膜脱离术后黄斑形态和视力的研究

目的 观察孔源性视网膜脱离修复术后黄斑区视网膜形态及术后视力恢复情况并研究影响术后视力的相关因素.方法 收集行玻璃体手术或巩膜扣带术成功复位病例,所有病例病程少于1个月,按术前视网膜脱离是否累及黄斑区进行分类,术前和术后均行眼科常规检查和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查,随访半年.结果 共收集孔源性视网膜脱离101只眼,其中脱离累及黄斑区为78只眼.行玻璃体手术为36只眼,巩膜扣带术为65只眼,术后半年内均未发生并发症.术后一个月时复查OCT,在玻璃体手术组和巩膜扣带术组分别有55.56％和72.31％的患眼存在黄斑区视网膜形态异常,其中神经上皮层下积液多见.两种手术方式对术后黄斑区视网膜形态有影响(x2=23.65,P＜0.01).在巩膜扣带术组,术前视网膜脱离是否累及黄斑对术后黄斑区视网膜形态有影响(x2=30.331,P＜0.01),对术后视力提高程度有影响(F =8.150,P＜0.01).结论 视网膜脱离修复术的手术方式对术后黄斑区视网膜形态有影响.行巩膜扣带术病例如术前视网膜脱离累及黄斑,术后出现黄斑区视网膜形态异常的可能性大,术后视力恢复差.     

巩膜扣带术后影响视网膜复位和视力恢复的相关因素分析

目的 分析孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)行巩膜扣带术后影响视网膜复位和视力恢复的相关因素,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 回顾性临床研究,选择2012年1月至2016年1月我院收治的初发RRD患者行巩膜扣带术治疗者148例148眼,观察术后视网膜解剖复位率、最佳矫正视力(best-corrected visual acuity,BCVA)及并发症,并对可能影响术后视网膜复住和视力恢复的相关因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 检眼镜和眼底照相检查示首次手术视网膜复位率为91.9％,最终复位率为97.3％;频域光学相干断层扫描(spectral-domainoptical coherence tomography,SD-OCT)检查视网膜首次复位率为60.1％,最终复位率为80.4％.单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明:多发视网膜裂孔和C1级增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)对视网膜复位率有显著影响(均为P＜0.05);单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:术前BCVA、病程长短、视网膜脱离范围、黄斑累及与否对术后BCVA恢复均有明显影响(均为P＜0.05),而年龄、术前屈光状态、PVR分级、术中是否实施视网膜下放液、玻璃体内注气、联合巩膜外加压、术后视网膜下液对术后BCVA的恢复均无明显影响(均为P＞0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:术前BCVA是影响术后BCVA的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 巩膜扣带术治疗RRD效果良好,但多发视网膜裂孔和C1级PVR会增加手术失败风险;术前视力、病程长短、视网膜脱离范围、黄斑状态均影响巩膜扣带术后视力的恢复,而术前视力是关键因素,提示RRD患者应早发现、早治疗,尽可能保护术前视力.     

高度近视视网膜劈裂患者手术前后谱域光相干断层扫描影像学特征

目的 观察高度近视视网膜劈裂患者行玻璃体切割手术前后谱域光相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)的影像学特征.方法 回顾性分析SD-OCT检查确诊为高度近视视网膜劈裂不伴黄斑裂孔行玻璃体切割手术治疗的8例患者8只眼临床资料.所有患者均行矫正视力、屈光度、前置镜眼底检查、A/B型超声及SD-OCT检查.所有患眼视网膜均存在外层劈裂.其中,合并中层或内层劈裂5只眼,伴中心凹脱离5只眼.前置镜检查结果显示,8只眼中,黄斑中心凹出现局限性浅脱离3只眼;未发现明显异常5只眼.后极部出现巩膜葡萄肿7只眼.SD-OCT检查结果显示,后极部视网膜呈现明显向下凹陷的弧形条带7只眼;未见明显向下凹陷的弧形条带1只眼.所有患眼均接受玻璃体切割加内界膜剥除手术治疗.手术后1、3、6个行时SD-OCT复查,对比观察手术前后视网膜后极部形态结构影像检查特征变化.结果 手术后6个月,后极部劈裂消失视网膜基本贴附原位6只眼;仍存在中心凹脱离1只眼;出现旁中心凹裂孔1只眼.手术后6个月,矫正视力由手术前0.15提高至0.8者1只眼,SD-OCT检查显示,视网膜光感受器内外节(IS/OS)连接光带层连续性大部分恢复.矫正视力由手术前0.01和0.05提高至0.1和0.15者2只眼;保持不变者5只眼.SD-OCT检查结果显示,手术后IS/OS连接光带层均仍有缺失.结论 高度近视视网膜劈裂在SD-OCT中形态表现多样,以外层劈裂居多.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the image features of high myopia with retinoschisis by spectraldomain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods The clinical data of eight patients (eight eyes)of high myopia with retinoschisis were retrospective analyzed. All patients were diagnosed by SD-OCT (Topcon 3D OCT-1000), had no macular holes and underwent vitrectomy including internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and gas tamponade. All patients also underwent visual acuity, refraction,pre-mirror fundus examination and A/B-mode ultrasound examination. Visual acuity and SD-OCT were followed up at one, three and six months after surgery. Before surgery, pre-mirror fundus examination revealed shallow foveal detachment in 3/8 eyes, posterior scleral staphyloma in 7/8 eyes. SD-OCT showed concave arc stripes in 7/8 eyes, and outer retinoschisis in 8/8 eyes, middle or inner retinoschisis in 5/8 eyes and foveal detachment in 5/8 eyes. Results Six months after surgery, posterior retinoschisis disappeared in six eyes, foveal detachment still presented in one eye and parafoveal hole occurred in one eye. The corrected visual acuity improved from the 0. 15 to 0. 8 in one eye which had a restored continuous inner segment/outer segmen (IS/OS) line by SD-OCT. The corxected visual acuity improved from 0. 01 to 0. 1 in one eye, from 0. 05 to 0. 15 in one eye, not changed in five eyes. There was no continuous IS/OS line in those patients by SD-OCT. Conclusions SD-OCT shows a variety of morphological features of myopic retinoschisis which could be cured anatomically and functionally by vitrectomy combined ILM peeling. The continuity of IS/OS layer from SD-OCT could help to interpret the vision recovery after the operation.     

内外路手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离后黄斑前膜生成的比较与分析

目的 观察巩膜扣带术和玻璃体切除术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离后黄斑前膜的发生情况.方法 回顾性分析研究.筛选我院2013年8月至2014年12月入院诊断为“孔源性视网膜脱离”的患者70例(70只眼),均为有经验的同一组术者行巩膜扣带术或玻璃体切除术,根据其所接受的不同术式划分为A组(行巩膜扣带术)及B组(行玻璃体切除术),术后所有患者均在同一时间点接受相干光断层扫描(OCT)检查,并进行统计分析.结果 OCT检查两组视网膜黄斑区纤维增生膜的发生率,差异有显著性.结论 对于孔源性视网膜脱离,内路玻璃体切除术较之外路巩膜扣带术,有更高的术后黄斑前膜发生率.     

近红外眼底自发荧光联合OCT评估孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后早期黄斑结构的改变

目的近红外眼底自发荧光检查（NIA）联合OCT对孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后早期黄斑结构的评估价值。方法前瞻性系列病例研究。对21例（21眼）伴黄斑脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者行巩膜扣带术,于术后3个月行NIA及OCT检查。观察检查图像的异常和手术后视力的恢复情况。对视力的变化进行配对t检验,NIA与术后BCVA的相关性采用双向无序分类变量资料的关联性进行分析。结果NIA：16眼表现为弱荧光周围围绕着强荧光,5眼表现为不均匀的强荧光。OCT：20眼存在黄斑下液;中心凹视网膜神经纤维层的厚度6眼变薄,14眼正常,1眼增厚;21眼IS/OS反射异常。视力恢复情况：术后3个月与术后1 d比较,NIA表现为弱荧光周围围绕着强荧光者,视力差异有统计学意义（t=9.922,P<0.05）,NIA表现为不均匀强荧光者,视力差异无统计学意义（t=2.409,P>0.05）,黄斑NIA表现与术后BCVA变化高度相关（C=0.502,P<0.05）。结论孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后早期,黄斑结构与功能均尚未完全恢复,需要我们加以重视。     

视网膜脱离巩膜扣带手术后的视力及相关因素

目的:研究孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜扣带手术后的视力恢复情况及其相关因素。方法:对186例巩膜扣带手术后视网膜复位成功的病例进行6～12mo的随访,主要检查矫正视力和眼底。36例视力<0.3的患者行眼底荧光血管造影检查。结果:患者186例手术后视力提高104眼(55.9%),视力<0.3者79眼(42.5%)。影响视力恢复的主要因素是术前视网膜脱离的时间、脱离是否累及黄斑,术后黄斑前膜和黄斑水肿,以及患者年龄等。结论:孔源性视网膜脱离患者应尽早手术治疗,手术中避免过度冷凝和环扎带的过度收缩,减少术后并发症的发生,提高视功能。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.