羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的临床观察

目的 观察眼球摘除或眼内容摘除术后珊瑚羟基磷灰石义眼座(HA)眶内植入的修复疗效。方法 对20例眼球摘除或眼内容摘除术后的患者采用珊瑚多孔羟基磷灰石义眼座行Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期眶内植入，术中不使用异体巩膜，观察其疗效。结果 随访2—30月均获得良好的效果，术后眼眶及眼脸外观满意度高，除2例术后早期球结膜裂开外，未发现眶内感染、植入物排出或移位现象。结论 珊瑚羟基磷灰石义眼座眶内植入疗效满意，具有并发症少，外观满意和疗效稳定持久的优点。是目前无眼球畸形的良好眶内充填材料。     

羟基磷灰石义眼台眶内植入治疗先天性小眼球的疗效观察

先天性小眼球是一种比较罕见的先天性眼球发育异常,极少数合并有眶内囊肿.在儿童期若未及时治疗常影响其眼眶及同侧颜面部的发育[1].羟基磷灰石(hydroxypatite,HA)义眼台作为一种新型的眶内植入物,目前在我国已得到广泛开展使用.我们自2003年10月至2006年7月共收治16例先天性小眼球患者,现报告如下.     

儿童羟基磷灰石义眼台二期植入术的临床观察

目的评价儿童羟基磷灰石义眼台二期眶内植入术的效果。方法37例儿童眼球摘除和眼内容摘除术后采用珊瑚多孔羟基磷灰石义眼台行二期眶内植入，观察其修复效果。结果术后随访6-15月，眼部外观满意度91.89％，未发现眶内感染、义眼台排出或移位等现象。并发症有术后球结膜裂开，义眼台部分外露等。结论羟基磷灰石义眼台儿童二期眶内植入术的效果满意，是儿童眼球丧失后较好的眼眶充填术。     

眼眶骨折眼球摘除术后眼窝凹陷的鼻内镜下手术

目的 探讨在鼻内镜下,高密度多聚乙烯(Medpor)植入板联合羟基磷灰石(HA)义眼座植入治疗眼眶骨折眼球摘除后眼窝凹陷的临床效果.方法 对眼眶骨折眼球缺失后眼窝凹陷的156例先行HA义眼座Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期植入,后根据眶骨缺损情况在鼻内镜引导下以Medpor植入板填充修补.结果 156例均获良好效果,可见双眼外观基本对称,上眶区饱满无凹陷,患侧眶缘连续,外形良好.Medpor植入板植入后对义眼座活动度有显著性影响.结论 Medpor植入板眼眶填充联合HA义眼座眶内植入治疗合并眼眶骨折的眼窝凹陷效果良好;尤其是在鼻内镜引导下手术,更能使骨折断端达到完美的结合,并能避免损伤周围正常组织.     

先天性小眼球及隐眼的眼窝畸形矫治

目的探讨先天性小眼球及隐眼眼窝畸形的最佳矫治时机与矫治方法。方法回顾性分析我院收治的14例（14眼）先天性小眼球（其中2例为隐眼）病例的临床表现、就诊时间、矫治方法及治疗效果。结果14例中的12例行小眼球摘除联合义眼座植入术,9例因小睑裂、小眼眶,同时行内、外眦延长成形术,并选用了最小号（直径18mm）的义眼座;其中3例外侧眶缘截骨术,2例术中将义眼台进行了磨削,实际直径为16～17mm。12例术后均眶腔饱满,眼睑可自然睁开和闭合,配戴义眼片后,术眼活动与健眼同步,外观逼真,达到了满意的美学效果。随访6月～6年,平均23．5个月,无感染、眼座暴露或上眶区凹陷等并发症。其余2例结膜瓣遮盖后,配戴义眼片,因眼眶发育较好,美容效果也较理想。结论由于眼眶发育与眼眶的张力即眼球的直径直接相关,且有年龄阶段性。我们认为对眼球最大直径小于10mm的小眼球宜尽早选用相对稍大的羟基磷灰石义眼座矫治眼窝畸形;对最大直径大于10mm的小眼球患者,可先配戴义眼片并不断更换较大的义眼片,到8岁以后再酌情为他们施行义眼座植入手术;对小眼球角膜直径大于7mm,眼眶、结膜囊发育接近健眼,可保留眼球,仅以定制义眼片矫治眼窝凹陷。     

保留直肌止端巩膜瓣的羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术的临床对照研究

目的观察保留直肌止端巩膜瓣的羟基磷灰石义眼台植入和常规眼球摘除联合羟基磷灰石义眼台植入两种术式的治疗效果。方法对36例眼球摘除的患者随机采用保留直肌止端巩膜瓣和常规眼球摘除联合眶内羟基磷灰石义眼台植入，观察两种手术方法术后反应，并发症以及义眼片的活动度。结果保留直肌止端巩膜瓣的羟基磷灰石义眼台植入较之常规眼球摘除联合羟基磷灰石义眼台植入：术后反应轻，义眼片活动度好。一例发生结膜切口裂开，未发生义眼台暴露。结论保留直肌止端巩膜瓣的眼球摘除联合羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术不损伤肌肉，手术后反应轻微，义眼片活动度佳，并发症少。     

眶内二期羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术

目的探讨眶内二期羟基磷灰石义眼台植入手术的临床疗效及在不同情况下的手术方式选择。方法对33例行眼球摘除或眼内容物剜出术后的患者采用珊瑚多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)义眼台行二期眶内植入术，观察其外观修复效果。结果术后随访6～24个月，眼部外观满意度达78．8％，无感染、义眼台排出或移位等现象；并发症主要有术后球结膜裂开、义眼台部分外露等。结论眶内二期羟基磷灰石(HA)义眼台植入术，是眼球丧失后疗效较好的眼眶充填手术。     

视网膜母细胞瘤术后羟基磷灰石眼座Ⅰ期植入

目的评价视网膜母细胞瘤(Rb)眼球摘除后羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)义眼座Ⅰ期植入术的疗效.方法儿童Rb27例27眼眶内HA义眼座Ⅰ期植入.需要放疗者术后1月进行.结果术后义眼座活动度良好.并发症义眼座暴露2眼,睑球粘连1眼.结论Rb患儿眶内HA义眼座Ⅰ期植入有助于眼眶发育和美容.放疗者易发生睑球粘连.     

羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期眶内植入术术式的探讨

目的 探讨羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期眶内植入术的最佳手术方式。方法 对18例(18眼)眼球摘除(或眼内容摘除)术后1周至33年的患者采用羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期眶内植入，观察其疗效。其中无自体巩膜者15例中的7例采用异体巩膜包裹义眼台植入肌锥内；另8例不用异体巩膜包裹而直接将义眼台植入肌锥内。有自体巩膜者3例，在剪断外直肌及视神经后，将义眼台从颞侧植入肌锥内(巩膜壳后)。结果 术后眼眶及眼睑外观满意，义眼活动度良好，义眼台眶内固定，术后随访5～36月，除异体巩膜包裹的1例发生排斥反应而取出义眼台外，其余无发生义眼台移位、脱出或眶内感染者。结论 Ⅱ期羟基磷灰石义眼台直接植入眶内，比用异体巩膜包裹植入眶内，操作简便、术后无排斥反应、效果更好。     

羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术后切口裂开的修复

羟基磷灰石义眼台眶内植入是矫治眼球摘除或球内容物剜出术后眼窝凹陷及改善义眼活动度的较好方法,目前国内已广泛开展,实验研究表明羟基磷灰石植入眶内后能很好地与眶组织相容,使眼眶的纤维血管长进植入物,最终达到与眶组织形成一体化.义眼台植入方法简单,但常见而棘手的并发症为切口裂开,本文报道9例义眼台植入术后切口裂开的修复,探讨切口裂开的原因和修复的方法.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.