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1.
中国人口众多,人类寿命逐渐延长,老年人数居世界第—位。因此对老年人的医疗保健和社区护理工作日愈重要。在社医护理中,老年病人甚多,且关系到用药问题。所以本文着重探讨老年病人安全用药的注意事项。  相似文献   

2.
目的:分析和研究社区老年高血压患者用药管理护理干预措施应用方法与效果。方法:选取2013年6月-2015年1月社区老年高血压患者40例,将其按投币法随机分为观察组20例与对照组20例。对照组患者给予常规护理;观察组患者给予综合性护理干预,将两组患者护理干预3个月后患者服药依从性进行对比。结果:两组患者服药完全依从率相比较:观察组患者高于对照组P〈0.05。结论:将综合性护理干预措施应用于社区老年高血压患者护理中,其能够有效提高老年患者对疾病相关知识知晓度,使其能够自觉规范服药行为,对提高老年患者治疗完全依从率及有效控制患者血压水平值均具有重要作用。  相似文献   

3.
目的:了解社区老年患者的潜在性不适当用药情况,评价Beers准则在我国社区的适用性,为社区临床合理用药提供可借鉴的方法。方法:对石家庄市416例社区多重用药的老年非住院患者的潜在用药风险进行综合评价。结果:患者平均年龄72.7±7.1岁,平均用药4.9±1.6种,药物不良反应发生率24.5%,潜在性不适当用药的发生率为14.7%,用药数量、服用潜在性不适当用药和发生药物不良反应呈正相关(r=0.498,P<0.01;r=0.729,P<0.01)。结论:Beers准则在预测药物不良反应上具有重要的应用价值,中国可借鉴之构建老年安全用药指南。  相似文献   

4.
目的分析社区老年高血压病人实施护理干预的效果。方法本研究选取2012年8月至2014年9月128例我社区老年高血压病人为对象,将其随机分组。常规组病人实施常规护理,全面组病人实施全面护理。对比分析两组病人血压控制情况、护理满意率的差异。结果采用卡方检验分析进行数据统计,全面组病人血压控制总有效率明显高于常规组,护理满意率明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论对老年高血压病人实施全面护理,有助于控制血压,增进护患关系,在临床上可推广应用。  相似文献   

5.
据统计,我国目前已步入老龄化社会,60岁以上老年人口已达到了三亿多人,约占全国人口总数的四分之一。老年人口患病率高,且大部分老年患者患有两种或两种以上的疾病,并且随着智力、视力、听力、运动能力的减退,给药方案和剂量的复杂,使得在老年患者中易出现用药混乱的情况。加之我国传统的家庭养老方式,大多数老年人均由家中亲属照顾。因此,无论对老年人及老年人的照顾者来说,都需要来自社区医疗卫生机构的支持和照顾。其中,  相似文献   

6.
目的调查药房药师对老年慢病患者联合用药不良反应的识别情况,分析相关影响因素。方法对2017年7月至2018年6月甘肃地区的药房药师99例进行调查,比较药师的一般资料与对联合用药不良反应识别情况,并进行相关分析。结果 100.0%的药师能意识到联合用药不良反应治疗的重要性,识别评分为(3.98±0.56)分,不同职称、工龄、学历、工作科室、接受慢病培训药师的不良反应识别评分对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson线性相关分析显示药房药师的不良反应识别评分与慢病培训、职称、工作科室、工龄、学历等明显相关(P0.05)。多因素逐步回归方法分析结果显示慢病培训、职称、工作科室、工龄为主要的危险因素(P0.05)。结论药房药师对老年慢病患者联合用药不良反应的识别水平还有待提高,慢病培训、职称、工作科室、工龄为主要的影响因素。  相似文献   

7.
目的:探讨对农村老年高血压患者进行社区护理干预的效果。方法:对符合高血压病诊断标准的农村老年高血压患者140例,实施社区护理干预,包括疾病相关知识宣教、饮食指导、运动指导、服药指导、心理指导等方面。干预前收缩压(170±14)mmHg,舒张压(100±13)mmHg,经过护理干预两年后收缩压(150±10)mmHg,舒张压(70±10)mmHg,结果:干预前后遵医行为(P〈0.01)、血压控制比较(P〈0.05)差异显著。结论:社区护理干预能使老年高血压患者积极配合治疗,提高了患者防病治病意识,有效控制血压,改善预后,提高生活质量。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨综合干预措施对社区老年高血压病人的行为及生活方式的影响,提高高血压病人的遵医行为,于2005年9月~2006年9月,对我院周边3个社区的110例老年高血压病人进行了问卷调查,同时实施了多种形式的干预,报道如下。  相似文献   

9.
浅析提高社区老年慢性病患者用药依从性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
随着社会经济的发展及老龄化进程的加快,老年人的卫生需求日益增加,老年人的医疗保健问题日益受到公众的关注。老年人机体在生理和病理上的某些特点,使其患病的机会和用药频律均增加,这样老年患者在用药过程中的依从性成为关注的问题。提高老年患者尤其是社区老年慢性病患者的用药依从性将有利于发挥社区对慢性病、多发病的治疗效果,减少药物的不良反应,  相似文献   

10.
随着社会各项保障制度的完善,社区卫生服务也逐渐得到了推广,人们越来越多的享受到社区卫生带来的方便、周到和安全,人们对社区卫生服务越来越信任.在这里,我们细致的探讨一下社区卫生对老年慢性疾病的管理和护理干预.  相似文献   

11.
糖皮质激素仍是目前儿童慢性疾病治疗与控制的首要选择,由于慢性病患儿与家长的共同参与以及患儿自身的特殊性,导致其用药依从的难度较大。既往研究没有对慢性病患儿糖皮质激素用药依从性的现状进行综述报道,该文将通过文献回顾对慢性病患儿糖皮质激素用药依从性及其影响因素的现状进行全面综述。  相似文献   

12.
由于衰老所致的药代动力学和药效动力学改变等因素,老年人极易发生潜在不恰当用药(PIM)。目前,中国社区老年人PIM发生率已高达30.4%,亟需有效的干预措施进行控制。国外已研制出多种评价工具用于筛查老年人PIM,本文对此进行综述,以期为我国老年人合理用药策略的制定提供借鉴。  相似文献   

13.
目的 了解山东省慢性病患者用药意识影响因素,为慢性病患者掌握正确的用药观念以及合理用药提供相关建议。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在山东省济南、济宁、日照、临沂、德州市抽取的1 518户居民进行问卷调查,对其中516例近半年确诊的慢性病患者进行用药意识及其影响因素的分析。结果 516例慢性病患者中:有84.69%的患者进行了治疗;有67.31%的患者用药意识较差;用药意识问题中,认为“新药肯定比老药效果好”、“药物价格越高效果越好”、“患病时几种药物合用肯定比单用1种好”的患者分别占23.38%、24.94%、59.23%;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,农业劳动者(OR=2.969,95%CI=1.716~5.139)以及信任广告(OR=3.048,95%CI=1.123~8.269)是慢性病患者用药意识较差的危险因素。结论 山东省慢性病患者用药意识较差,职业类型和是否信任广告是影响慢性病患者用药意识的主要因素。  相似文献   

14.

Background

Cardiovascular disease prevention is guided by so-called risk tables for calculating individual’s risk numbers. However, they are not widely used in routine practice and it is important to understand the conditions for their use.

Objectives

Systematic review of the literature on professionals’ performance regarding cardiovascular risk tables, in order to develop effective implementation strategies.

Selection criteria

Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported quantitative empirical data on the effect of professional, financial, organizational or regulatory strategies on the implementation of cardiovascular risk tables. Participants were physicians or nurses.

Outcome measure

Primary: professionals’ self-reported performance related to actual use of cardiovascular risk tables. Secondary: patients’ cardiovascular risk reduction.

Data collection and analysis

An extensive strategy was used to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PSYCHINFO from database inception to February 2007.

Main results

The review included 9 studies, covering 3 types of implementation strategies (or combinations). Reported effects were moderate, sometimes conflicting and contradictory. Although no clear relation was observed between a particular type of strategy and success or failure of the implementation, promising strategies for patient selection and risk assessment seem to be teamwork, nurse led-clinics and integrated IT support.

Conclusions

Implementation strategies for cardiovascular risk tables have been sparsely studied. Future research on implementation of cardiovascular risk tables needs better embedding in the systematic and problem-based approaches developed in implementation science.  相似文献   

15.
Influenza and its complications are related to increased morbidity and mortality in elderly persons. Influenza vaccination is an important strategy to minimize the excess morbidity and mortality caused by influenza infection. Influenza epidemics start in November and continue to March in the next year, but it is not clear if the immunization-induced antibody titer lasts throughout the influenza season. One hundred eighty-two rural community-dwelling elderly persons older than 61 years were immunized with one dose of influenza vaccine in the 2005-2006 influenza season, and the antibody response after vaccination was investigated. Both the antibody titers and seroprotection rates were significantly higher four weeks after the vaccination but decreased markedly at 22 weeks after the vaccination. Analysis of the factors affecting the antibody response showed that those who have a low antibody titer before vaccination (‘seronegative’) do not acquire enough antibody with one dose of influenza vaccine. Neither age nor vaccination in the previous year was related to the antibody response after vaccination. These findings suggest that future clinical trials should be performed to determine if a second booster vaccination maintains the titer.  相似文献   

16.
目的 探究睡眠质量和睡眠时长对社区老年人认知衰弱的作用大小。方法 采用现况调查方法,利用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)评估老年人的睡眠质量,中文版AscertainDementia-8(AD-8)量表评估认知状态,Frail衰弱量表评估躯体衰弱。采用logistic回归分析和多因素调整的人群归因危险度分析睡眠对认知衰弱的作用大小。结果 本研究共调查955名社区老人受试者,男性425名(44.5%),女性530名(55.5%)。认知衰弱的检出率为8.7%,睡眠障碍的检出率为24.5%。在调整性别、年龄、BMI、婚姻、体育锻炼、午睡、慢性病、身体疼痛、抑郁、焦虑等混杂因素后,睡眠障碍(OR=1.891,95%CI:1.087~3.291)和睡眠时间<6 h(OR=1.859, 95%CI:1.044~3.312)的老年人更易发生认知衰弱,认知衰弱的发生风险随着PSQI得分增加而逐渐上升。睡眠质量和睡眠时长对于认知衰弱人群归因危险度分别为25.53%和23.95%。结论 社区老年人睡眠质量与认知衰弱程度相关,睡眠质量差...  相似文献   

17.
杨玲  陈茜  胡秀英 《现代预防医学》2013,40(12):2365-2367
目的 探讨对老年慢性病患者住院期间及出院后持续综合干预的效果.方法 将某院收治的老年慢性病患者200例随机分为研究组和对照组,两组各100例.对干预组实施出院前干预和出院后为期6个月的持续综合干预.出院后6个月后测评两组患者自理能力(ADL)、是否再次入院情况.结果 干预组94人、对照组93人完成研究.出院后6月,干预组老年人的ADL评分较干预前减小(-2.44),而对照组患者的ADL评分较6月前增大(1.78)(P<0.05).干预组老年慢性病患者再入院者比例(22.3%)较对照组(36.3%)低14.3% (P< 0.05).结论 实施持续综合干预能有效地改善老年慢性病患者的日常生活能力,减少其再次入院率.  相似文献   

18.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to identify, evaluate, and meta-analyze cohort studies reporting the association of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) intake with mortality and cardiovascular events.

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and retrospective cohort studies were conducted. Study appraisal included a thorough risk of bias assessment. Data synthesis followed a random-effects model.

Data sources

The included studies were retrieved from the databases MEDLINE and ISI Web of Knowledge. Additionally, the authors checked the references of the included studies for further relevant literature.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

For inclusion in a study, the population needed to be older than 60 years of age and not restricted to having one specific disease. The outcome had to address all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events. Studies that examined polypharmacy or specific drugs were excluded.

Results

At first, 13 studies were included in a meta-analysis. The association of PIM with overall mortality was not statistically significant (risk ratio; 95% confidence interval, 1.13; 0.95–1.35). However, the majority of studies showed a high risk of specific forms of bias. These biases can be excluded by applying a new user design. It ascertains that adverse events occurring early in therapy are recorded. After restricting the meta-analysis to three studies with a new user design, the association of PIM use and mortality was statistically significant (risk ratio; 95% confidence interval, 1.59; 1.45–1.75). Only one study focused on cardiovascular events and found no statistically significant association. However, the study was not conducted with a new user design.

Conclusion

In studies with adequate methods (new user design), PIM use, defined by Beers criteria or the HEDIS-DAE list, was associated with a 1.6-fold increased mortality in older adults. Physicians should therefore avoid prescribing PIM for older adults whenever feasible. Further new user design studies are required for cardiovascular outcomes and to compare the predictive value of different PIM criteria for mortality.  相似文献   

19.
目的 了解长沙市社区老年人的慢性病患病情况、就医意向及影响因素,为推广社区首诊制提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样法从长沙市所辖的五个行政区抽取65岁以上老年人6 000名作为调查对象,对其就医意向及相关因素进行调查。结果 长沙市社区老年人慢性病患病率为86.34%。其中,高血压、冠心病、骨关节病、糖尿病是本地区老年人较为常见的慢性病。调查对象中有4 322人(75.3%)患病时首选二级及以上医院就诊,1 021人(17.79%)选择到社区卫生服务中心就诊,397人(6.91%)选择私人诊所或自我医疗。不同行政区域、年龄、文化程度、收入水平、同住人员的老年人,首诊医疗机构选择间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 长沙市老年人社区首诊的就医观念尚未普及。提高社区卫生服务机构水平、转变就医观念、为老年人提供个体化的卫生服务是推行社区首诊、双向转诊的有效途径。  相似文献   

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