芳基乙炔聚合物固化反应动力学和结构表征

应用DSC和FTIR分析技术，研究了芳基乙炔聚合物的固化反应动力学和固化反应过程中的结构变化。结果表明：芳乙炔聚合物固化过程中主要形成顺式共轭多烯结构。芳基乙炔聚合物的固化反应活化能为108．6－119．7kJ/mol，单体结构对聚合物的固化反应速率有明显影响，聚1，4－二乙炔基苯（p－DEB）的固化反应速率比聚1，3－二乙炔基苯（m－DEB）快。     

热溶预处理油煤浆的粘度变化

将神华煤与循环油混合油煤浆经不同热溶温度预处理后,研究了油煤浆粘度的变化情况及原因.研究发现:与未经热溶处理的油煤浆相比,经热溶处理的其粘度有所增大.在同一热溶温度处理后的油煤浆在测粘过程中,粘度随测量温度的升高而减小,并没有出现粘度峰,粘度(η)与测量温度(tM)的关系为η=Aexp[Eη/8.314 5×(273 tM)].而在同一测粘温度下,经不同热溶温度处理的油煤浆粘度变化情况却截然不同:在神华煤发生热分解反应之前(＜320℃),η基本上随热溶温度(tT)的升高呈直线增加,η=B ktT;在开始发生热解反应以后(＞320℃),粘度在370℃时出现了峰值,η=η0 2a/πw/4(tT-tηmax)2 w2.     

高压下滴流床反应器动持液量的测定

在常压－２．０ＭＰａ的系统压力下测定了滴流床中气－液两相并流下流动的动持液量,了气－液流率,液相粘度,填料大小,压力以及床层高度对动持液量的影响。实验结果表明增中液体流率动持流量增加,气体流率增加时,结果相反粘度的增加对动持液量的影响不大,动持液量随填料空隙率的增大而变小。     

血液采集后存放时间及温度对血液粘度检测结果的影响

目的探讨标本放置时间及温度对血液粘度检测结果的影响。方法将19例标本在不同环境温度和不同存放时间进行血液粘度检测。结果全血粘度随温度升高而降低,标本随存放时间延长而升高。结论温度和血标本存放时间对血粘度的检测结果影响较大,应严格控制测定温度和标本存放时间,以确保血液粘度测定的准确性和可靠性。     

含NaCl、KCl葡萄糖水溶液的密度和粘度测定及分析

在20＝0．05、0．10、0．15、0．20、0．25的葡萄糖水溶液中加入NaCl、KCl，在293．15K-323．15K下测定了该溶液的密度及粘度。回归计算了NaCl、KCl在该体系中的密度参数及粘度B系数。结果表明，在葡萄糖含量及NaCl、KCl浓度一定的情况下，体系的密度和粘度随温度升高而减小；在同一温度及NaCl、KCl浓度下，随葡萄糖含量的增加体系的密度和粘度随之增加；两种电解质的B系数随葡萄糖含量的增加及温度的升高也增大；在此基础上进一步讨论了该体系内部溶质—溶剂、溶质—溶质间的相互作用，说明了NaCl、KCl对葡萄糖水溶液的结构会有一定的促进和破坏作用。     

薄荷β-环糊精包合物的初步研究

β－环糊精（β－CD）能与药物形成稳定的包合物。通过对薄荷β－环糊精包合物的研究发现,β－CD对薄荷具有一定的包合作用,且随温度的升高,包合物中薄荷的释放率增加。因此,在服用药品时,随口腔温湿度的变化而释放清凉的薄荷香味。实验表明,薄荷β－环糊精包合物具有一定的抗光解法、热稳定性和湿稳定性,其稳定性明显优于单纯薄荷。     

芳基乙炔聚合物热分解动力学研究

利用ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ方法研究了聚（ｐ－ＤＥＢ）在氮气和空气气氛中的热分解过程和动力学。实验发现,在氮气中其热分解反应为一步反应,热分解速率较低,热分解４温度随升温速率β的增加而线性增加,在７３０℃下残碳率高达８７％;而在空气中其热分解反应则由多步组成,热分解速率较快,热分解温度低,升温速率对热分解温度影响不大,在６００℃下聚合物已完全分解。在氦气和空气中聚合物的热分解反应均为一级速率对热分解温度不大,     

影响人工泪液中增稠剂粘度的因素

考察了离子强度、ｐＨ及不同防腐剂对人工泪液中常用的四种增稠剂，即甲基纤维素（ＭＣ）、羧甲基纤维素钠（ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ）、聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）及羟丙甲基纤维素（ＨＰＭＣ）粘度的影响，并着重考察强光、高温对不同ｐＨ值ＨＰＭＣ溶液粘度的影响。结果表明，除ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ的粘度随离子强度的增加而降低外，粘度均较为稳定。     

NaCl对疏水缔合聚合物溶液性质的影响研究

研究了NaCl对疏水缔合聚合物溶液性质的影响。结果表明,所合成的疏水缔合聚合物的特性粘数随NaCl浓度的增加而降低,其表观粘度则先降低后增加,继续增加NaCl浓度,溶液粘度降低,但仍保持很高的粘度。环境扫描电镜(ESEM)研究表明,疏水缔合聚合物在去离子水体系中会形成网状结构,而在NaCl浓度为5g·L-1的溶液中,ESEM照片显示疏水缔合聚合物的结构为致密的树枝状结构,且存在一临界缔合浓度。     

胆固醇对生物膜流动性的影响

以脂质体为生物膜模型，用微量量热分析和测量荧光偏振度两种方法研究了胆固醇对生物膜流动性的影响。结果表明，胆固醇不能明显改变脂质体量热曲线中吸热峰的位置，然而能使吸热峰变小。脂质体的膜微粘度随温度增高而降低。随着膜脂组分中胆固醇含量的增加，膜微粘度的变化幅度变小，由此得出结论：胆固醇对生物膜的相变温度无明显影响，但它可使膜的流动性保持相对稳定，使生物膜能在较大的温度范围内保持相对稳定的半流动状态。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.