急性下壁心肌梗死胸前导联ST段改变的临床意义

目的分析急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法选择38例急性下壁心肌梗死患者常规心电图及24h动态心电图进行对照分析。结果急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低(P<0.01);下壁伴正后壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低(P<0.01);下壁伴右心室心肌梗死与胸前导联ST段压低无明显关联(P<0.01);急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低者严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率较不伴胸前导联ST段压低者高(P<0.01)。结论急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低往往提示梗死范围大或同时存在心肌缺血、冠脉病变广泛、心功能损害较严重,并且严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率明显增高,心肌酶峰值明显增高临床预后较差。     

急性下壁心肌梗死胸前导联ST段压低的临床意义

目的分析急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法选择84例急性下壁心肌梗死患者常规心电图及24h动态心电图进行对照分析。结果急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低（P〈0．01）;下壁伴正后壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低（P〈0．01）;下壁伴右心室心肌梗死与胸前导联ST段压低无明显关联（P〈0．01）;急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低者严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率较不伴胸前导联ST段压低者高（P〈0．01）。结论急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低往往提示梗死范围大或同时存在心肌缺血、冠脉病变广泛、心功能损害较严重,并且严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率明显增高,心肌酶峰值明显增高临床预后较差。     

急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低的心电图分析

目的:观察急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低患者心电图改变,以探讨伴胸导联ST段压低出现的时间、持续时间与心肌梗死部位、房室传导阻滞以及严重心律失常的关系。方法:对66例急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低患者,按胸导联ST段压低持续的时间分组,≥24h者为Ⅰ组42例,<24h者为Ⅱ组24例。观察统计两组患者合并出现其它部位梗死、房室传导阻滞、严重心律失常的发生率,进行对照分析。结果:①Ⅰ组并发其它部位梗死30例,Ⅱ组为5例,两组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。②Ⅰ组出现房室传导阻滞17例,Ⅱ组出现3例,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。③Ⅰ组出现严重室性心律失常19例,Ⅱ组3例,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低持续时间≥24h,并发其它部位梗死多,梗死面积大,房室传导阻滞以及严重室性心律失常发生率高,可视为病变广泛的一项指标。     

超声心动图、心电图对比研究急性侧壁心肌梗死的临床意义

心肌梗死面积是决定急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者预后的主要因素。有研究认为急性侧壁心肌梗死下壁导联ST段压低梗死面积较大。本文用超声心动图、心电图方法对比研究了急性侧壁心肌梗死患者下壁导联ST段压低与左室重构及射血功能的关系及临床价值。     

急性下壁心肌梗死心前导联ST段压低的临床意义

目的　评价急性下壁心肌梗死伴心前导联 ST段压低的临床意义。方法　 36例急性下壁心肌梗死患者早期心电图与入院后 2～ 3周冠脉造影对照 ,观察急性下壁心肌梗死伴心前导联 ST段压低与右冠脉病变、多支血管病变关系。结果　急性下壁心肌梗死病变血管多涉及右冠状动脉 ,伴心前导联 ST段压低者有 1 4例 ( 70 % ) ,心前导联 ST段正常者有 1 2例 ( 75% )。且伴心前导联 ST段压低者较心前导联 ST段正常者病变血管大部分为多支病变 ( 6 5% V2 5% )。结论　急性下壁心肌梗死合并心前导联 ST段压低 ,表示多支冠脉病变或梗死面积大 ,应给予积极治疗 ,以改善患者病程和预后。     

急性前壁心肌梗死下壁导联ST段压低的临床意义

目的探讨急性前壁透壁性心肌梗死时下壁导联ST段压低的临床价值。方法比较任一下壁导联ST段压低≥1.0 mm的17例与压低均<1.0 mm的16例的CK-MB值、超声心动描记术、冠状动脉造影等结果。结果前组CK-MB值更高,射血分数减低更显著,左室收缩与舒张末期容积更大,造影术示致梗死狭窄病变多位于左前降支近端或呈多支病变。结论急性前壁心肌梗死下壁导联ST段压低≥1.0 mm时,其梗死面积较大,会发生较严重的左室射血功能损害及左心室重构。     

对应面ST段压低的有Q波急性心肌梗死的临床分析

急性心肌梗死 (acut myocardial infarction,AMI)随梗死面积扩大 ,并发症的发生率及病死率也增加。过去文献只研究含病理性 Q波导联梗死面积对预后的影响 ,而梗死对应面ST段正常与否与预后的关系未见报道。我们旨在研究对应面ST段压低的 AMI对预后的影响。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　 1998年 5月～ 1999年 5月我院收治 80例有 Q波 AMI,均符合 WHO诊断标准。入院距发病时间 4～ 2 0小时。根据有无对应面 ST段压低分为两组 , 组为有对应面ST段压低。 组为无对应同 ST段压低 , 组 35例 ,男 2 7例 ,女 8例 ;年龄 40～ 80岁 ,下壁心…     

急性下壁心梗心电图特点与冠脉造影梗死相关动脉相关性分析

目的 探讨根据急性下壁心肌梗死心电图(ECG)特点来判断梗死相关动脉(IRA).方法 对照研究76例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的冠脉造影资料,分析梗死相关动脉及体表心电图变化.结果 梗死相关动脉为右冠状动脉(RCA)可能性大的有:心电图ST段抬高Ⅲ＞Ⅱ(83.6％),心电图ST段压低AVL＞Ⅰ(82.1％),V3导联ST段压低与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值≤1.2(83.3％),aVL S/R＞ 1/3伴ST段压低＞1 mm(90％),梗死相关动脉为左回旋支动脉(LCX)可能性大的有:ST段抬高Ⅲ≤Ⅱ(80％),ST段压低aVL≤Ⅰ(71.4％),V3导联ST段压低与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值＞1.2(83.4％),如S/R≤1/3伴ST段压低≤1mm(85.7％).结论 急性下壁心肌梗死时体表心电图与梗死相关动脉有明显相关性,且有较好的预测价值.     

急性心肌梗死不典型心电图表现58例分析

目的：分析急性心肌梗死非典型心电图形态及意义。方法：对58例急性心肌梗死不典型心电图表现患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：本组中仅有ST段弓背样抬高及T波倒置13例,ST段广泛压低25例,出现异常高尖不对称T波7例,胸前导联R波递增不足5例,其他表现8例。结论：准确识别急性心肌梗死非典型心电图形态改变,对急性心肌梗死的诊断、治疗及预后至关重要。     

急性下壁心肌梗死74例侧壁导联心电图改变分析

目的：分析急性下壁心肌梗死侧壁导联（I、AVL）心电图改变对梗死相关动脉预测价值。方法：根据74例急性下壁心肌梗死侧壁导联心电图ST段改变,对比其与冠状动脉造影显示梗死相关动脉的关系。结果：本组右冠状动脉（RCA）62例（83.8%）,为左回旋支（LCX）共12例（16.2%）。结论：急性下壁心肌梗死侧壁导联（I、AVL）心电图ST段压低是判断梗死相关动脉为右冠状动脉的较敏感指标,尤以AVL导联更敏感。AVL导联无压低是判断梗死相关动脉为左回旋支的较好指标。     

41例不典型急性心肌梗死临床表现及心电图分析

目的分析并评价不典型急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床表现及心电图特征,为AMI的临床诊断提供参考。方法回顾分析41例不典型AMI患者的临床症状、心电图、心肌酶谱、治疗与转归。结果 41例患者以消化道及呼吸道症状为主。其中9例未见明显的ST段变化,仅见病理Q波;10例仅见ST-T缺血变化或损伤型抬高,未见病理Q波;4例延缓见梗死图形,全部为下壁AMI;3例为常规12导联无梗死图形,属于正后壁AMI;4例原梗死图形消失,V1与V2导联Q波消失,可见小r波。最终治愈率达95.12%(39/41),2例死于心力衰竭。结论应根据临床表现、心肌酶学指标变化,并结合心电图的动态改变对不典型AMI进行综合诊断,避免发生误诊。更多还原     

重症肺炎及感染性休克的集束治疗

目的 探讨国内严重感染集束治疗的疗效.方法 在广州医学院附属第二医院呼吸重症监护病房中选用43例重症肺炎及感染性休克患者,进行14个月(2006年11月1日至2007年12月31日)前瞻性观察研究.患者入进标准参照2001年国际脓毒症会议.分教育、试验和运作3个连续阶段实施6 h严重感染集束治疗和24 h严重感染集束治疗.历史对照期内(2004年1月1日至2006年10月31日)合格患者门入对照组.计最资料以(x±s)表示,计数资料以率表爪.采用γ2检验、独立样本t榆验、配对t检验、单因素和多冈素Logistic回归分析,P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 1)对照组和集束治疗组问的基础特征差异基本上无统计学意义.2)血清乳酸测定率、休克业组液体复苏率及6 h内所输入液体量、血糖榨制,与对照组相比较,其差异均有统计学意义(P值分别是0.024,0.009,0.045和0.000).3)72 h时,集束治疗组呼吸频率和氧合指数,与对照组相比较,其差异均有统计学意义(P值分别是0.033和0.041);集束治疗组中休克业绀急性生理和慢性疾病评分(A-PACHE)Ⅱ分值和预计死亡率的下降值,与对照组中休克业组比较,其差异均有统计学意义(P值分别是0.017和0.040).4)与对照组比较,集束治疗组病死率绝对值下降23.30%(P=0.019).结论 严重感染集束治疗能显著降低重症肺炎及感染性休克患者病死率.     

12例SARS患者死亡危险因素分析

目的 :探讨严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者的死亡危险因素。方法 :采用回顾性调查方式 ,对 12例SARS死亡患者和 3 2例治愈病例 (对照组 )进行分析比较。结果 :12例 SARS死亡患者平均年龄为 67岁 ,治愈对照组平均年龄仅为 42岁 ,而且死亡组中有 5例患者存在 1～ 5种基础疾病。 SARS存活患者 CD+4 (4 16.6±2 3 5 .0 )个 /μl、CD+8(2 96.1± 181.5 )个 /μl;死亡患者的 CD+4 (14 3 .8± 78.1)个 /μl,CD+8(10 3 .6± 63 .2 )个 /μl;较正常参考值均有下降 ,但死亡组的 CD+4 、CD+8下降更为显著。死亡组 12例合并细菌感染 5例 ,其中真菌感染3例 ,败血症 2例 ,出现电解质紊乱和肾脏损害率为 41.67% ,明显高于治愈对照组 3 .12 %。应用有创呼吸机患者的病死率高达 80 .0 % ,且 5例患者继发肺部细菌性感染 ;而应用无创呼吸机者无一例死亡。结论 :年龄及基础疾病是 SARS患者死亡的最主要危险因素 ;患者机体免疫功能低下、继发感染、并发症的出现以及有创呼吸机的应用等也与死亡有关     

分子吸附再循环系统在机械通气重度脓毒症患者中的应用

目的　研究分子吸附再循环系统 (MARS)对机械通气的重度脓毒症患者氧合功能、气道峰压和血流动力学的影响。方法　对 2 0 0 2 - 11～ 2 0 0 3- 12我们ICU机械通气重度脓毒症患者所进行的 2 7次床边MARS治疗的有关资料进行回顾性分析和探讨。结果　MARS治疗前后动脉血气中pH值和PaCO2 无明显变化 ,MARS治疗过程中患者PaO2 、SaO2 及氧合指数(PaO2 /FiO2 )均有显著改善 ,气道峰压明显降低 ,心率显著减慢 ,平均动脉压明显升高。结论　MARS可改善机械通气重度脓毒症患者氧合功能及血流动力学指标 ,并能降低患者气道峰压。     

严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克的急诊集束化治疗依从性调查分析

目的 调查严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克在急诊患者中的发生率以及针对严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克早期集束化治疗的依从性.方法 选择2009年5月至6月由救护车送至上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院急诊科的患者为调查对象,统计严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克的发生率,对符合诊断标准的患者分别统计早期复苏集束化治疗各项指标完成的依从性.结果 共纳入急诊就诊患者917例,其中符合严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克诊断标准者96例,发生率为10.47%.在符合诊断标准的患者中,早期复苏集束化治疗、使用抗菌药物前留取病原学标本、2 h内放置深静脉导管并监测中心静脉压(CVP)与中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO2)、3 h内使用广谱抗菌药物、6 h内早期目标导向治疗(EGDT)达标、12 h内乳酸下降或原乳酸≤2 mmol/L的依从性分别为1.04%、3.12%、2.08%、83.33%、1.04%、23.96%,急诊内科各指标的依从性依次为1.19%、3.57%、2.38%、83.33%、1.19%、26.19%,急诊外科各指标的依从性依次为0、0、0、83.33%、0、8.33%,急诊内、外科依从性比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克在急诊就诊患者中占相当比例,但医师的认识不足;早期集束化治疗依从性较低,需加大指南的教育及执行程度.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the occurrence of severe sepsis and septic shock and the rate of compliance with sepsis bundle in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in emergency department.Methods A prospective study was conducted on consecutive adult patients who were sent to Emergency Department of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine by ambulance from May to June in 2009. The occurrence of severe sepsis and septic shock, and the number of the patients in whom who met the criteria of compliance with sepsis bundle were analyzed. Results Nine hundred and seventeen patients who were sent to the emergency department by ambulance in that period were enrolled in the study.The number of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock was 96. The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock was 10.47%. Among these patients, the number of patients in whom the sepsis bundle was complied,i.e. sepsis bundle, appropriate cultures were taken before antimicrobial therapy, placement of central venous catheter and monitoring of central venous pressure(CVP)as well as central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2)within 2 hours, antibiotic therapy within 3 hours, early goal-directed therapy(EGDT)within 6 hours, and lactate clearance in 12 hours reached 1.04%, 3. 12%, 2.08%, 83. 33%, 1.04%, 23.96%.The results were 1.19%, 3. 57%, 2.38%, 83.33%, 1.19%, 26.19% and 0, 0, 0, 83.33%, 0, 8. 33% in medical and surgical emergency department respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two divisions(all P＞0. 05). Conclusion The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock was high in emergency department, but the rate of recognition of it and the compliance with sepsis bundle were inadequate. It is urgently necessary to enhance the learning and implementation of the guideline.     

体表心电图对冠脉左主干病变患者短期预后的预测价值

目的评价冠脉左主干病变致急性心肌梗死住院患者短期预后体表心电图的预测价值。方法 41例接受再灌注治疗的冠脉左主干病变致急性心肌梗死住院患者均做全导心电图,讲心电图结果按存活组和死亡组分为两组。结果因冠脉左主干病变致心肌梗死的患者在30天的随访期中,有24例死亡,17例存活。死亡组中体表心电图aVR和aVL导联ST段均较存活组抬高(54%vs 18%,P<0.05),左前分支阻滞(83%vs 41%,P<0.05)和右束支阻滞(54%vs 18%,P<0.05)更常见,但V5导联ST段压低(17%vs59%,P<0.05)则少见。结论对因冠脉左主干病变致心肌梗死的住院患者,体表心电图对其短期预后预测有一定价值。     

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (Acute Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning Syndrome) Occurring in the Intensive Care Unit

Objective Diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (also known as stress cardiomyopathy or acute left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome) can be challenging in patients who are being treated for other diseases in the intensive care unit, because symptoms could erroneously be attributed to the underlying disease or patients may not experience symptoms due to analgesia and sedation. The aim of our study was to assess clinical features of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy occurring in the intensive care unit.Design Prospective observational study.Setting University hospital.Patients Six consecutive patients diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy who were being treated for other diseases in the intensive care unit.Interventions None.Measurements and main results Sudden hemodynamic deterioration (i.e., sudden hypotension, tachycardia or drop in monitored stroke volume) requiring vasopressor support was the presenting symptom in five of the six patients. Only one patient was able to report angina-like chest pain, all others were unable to experience symptoms due to analgesia and sedation. The electrocardiogram was abnormal in all patients upon diagnosis, demonstrating either ST-segment elevation (n = 2) and/or T-wave inversion (n = 5). Mild elevation of cardiac enzymes disproportionate to the extent of wall motion abnormalities on left ventriculography was present in all patients. All patients survived their acute event.Conclusions Sudden hemodynamic deterioration requiring vasopressor support and/or ECG abnormalities consisting of ST-segment elevation, ST-segment depression or T-wave inversion may be the presenting symptom of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the intensive care unit and should be included in the diagnostic algorithm.This work was carried out without any financial support. The authors have no financial interest in this article.     

Early clinical experience with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation for ARDS in adult burn patients

Lung protective ventilation strategies are recommended in acute respiratory distress syndrome to avoid ventilator associated lung injury, a recently characterized complication of mechanical ventilation. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is an unconventional ventilation strategy which may achieve this goal. We reviewed our experience with HFOV in six severely burned patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The mean age (+/- SD) of the patients was 34 +/- 13 years, and the mean TBSA burn was 52 +/- 10%, with a mean full-thickness injury of 49 +/- 12%. HFOV was initiated as "rescue therapy" in three patients with oxygenation failure (mean PaO2/FIO2 ratio of 71 +/- 8 and mean oxygenation index [OI] of 42 +/- 3) that was unresponsive to conventional ventilation (mean FIO2, 1.0 +/- 0; mean positive end expiratory pressure, 14.8 +/- 2.8 cm H2O; and mean inhaled nitric oxide, 20 +/- 0 ppm). In the other three cases, HFOV was initiated "prophylactically" as a lung protective ventilation strategy in an attempt to prevent further respiratory deterioration. All six patients showed a rapid and substantial improvement in oxygenation after initiation of HFOV, with significant improvements in the PaO2/FIO2 and OI by 12 hours (P = 0.02). In four patients HFOV was also used during anesthesia and surgery, where a total of 10 procedures involving a mean excision and closure of 15 +/- 7% TBSA burns was performed. Five of the six patients died, but none died because of oxygenation failure. In three patients death resulted from sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; their mean PaO2/FIO2 was 107 +/- 31 and their mean OI was 30 +/- 11 immediately before death. Two patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome died after withdrawal of life support; their mean PaO2/FIO2 and OI were 178 +/- 31 and 18 +/- 2 respectively, at the time of this decision. Although HFOV had no impact on mortality, it played a useful role in the supportive management of burn patients with severe oxygenation failure unresponsive to conventional ventilation. Importantly, HFOV allowed surgery to proceed in patients who may have otherwise been too unstable to go to the operating room. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of the use of intraoperative HFOV in burn patients.     

Obstructive coronary artery disease in patients hospitalized for severe sepsis or septic shock with concomitant acute myocardial infarction

PurposeIt is difficult to differentiate type 1 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) from type 2 AMI in patients admitted for severe sepsis. The aims of this study were to assess the risk factors and prognosis of OCAD in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for severe sepsis with concomitant AMI.Materials and methodsThis is a single-center retrospective cohort study including all consecutive patients who were hospitalized for severe sepsis or septic shock between March 2006 and September 2014 and who underwent coronary angiography in the intensive care unit to identify AMI.ResultsOverall, 78 (5.5%) of 1418 patients hospitalized for severe sepsis underwent coronary angiography to identify concomitant AMI. Thirty-two patients (41%) had OCAD. Following multivariate analysis, the risk factors of OCAD were peripheral vascular disease (odds ratio [OR] = 5.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-30.4; P = .042) and at least 2 cardiovascular risk factors (OR = 6.7; 95% CI, 1.9-23.8; P = .003). Obstructive coronary artery disease was associated with a significant mortality increase at 60 days (OR = 8.1; 95% CI, 1.9-30.2; P = .004).ConclusionsObstructive coronary artery disease is a poor prognosis factor in patients hospitalized for severe sepsis with concomitant AMI. In this setting, medical treatment should be considered for patients with peripheral vascular disease or with at least 2 cardiovascular risk factors; the need to perform coronary angiography should be considered carefully.     

187例重型病毒性肝炎心电图及心肌酶谱改变的临床分析

目的探讨重型病毒性肝炎的心电图及心肌酶谱改变与心脏损伤的关系。方法选取本院收治的重型病毒性肝炎患者187例作为观察组,其中急性重型肝炎12例,亚急性重型肝炎46例,慢性重型肝炎129例;另选同期体检健康者97例作为对照组,分别进行常规心电图检查,同时检测心肌酶谱,并对以上结果进行对照分析。结果重型病毒性肝炎能引起心电图显著异常,主要为窦性心动过速、窦性心动过缓、ST-T改变、Q-T间期延长、QRS波低电压等。观察组肌酸激酶（CK）明显升高的患者,其心电图异常率明显高于CK正常者,尤其是重肝患者出现窦性心动过速合并ST和（或）T波改变时,CK明显高于正常水平。结论心电图可以作为重型病毒性肝炎心脏损伤严重程度的重要指标,临床应密切关注心电图改变。