Structural sequelae and refractive outcome 1 year after laser treatment for type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity in Asian Indian eyes

Aim:

The aim was to study the structural sequelae and refractive outcome after laser treatment for Type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Asian Indian eyes.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective chart review of infants with Type 1 prethreshold ROP (defined according to the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity study) undergoing laser treatment at a tertiary center between January 2004 and December 2008 was done. The 1-year outcome of infants was analyzed.

Results:

Sixty-nine eyes of 36 infants were included. The mean birth weight was 1121.69 ± 254.81 g and the gestational age was 28.99 ± 2.03 weeks. Sixty-five eyes (94.2%) had zone 2 and 4 (5.8%) had zone 1 disease. Forty-four (63.77%) eyes had stage 2 ROP with plus disease and 25 (36.23%) eyes had prethreshold (fewer than five contiguous or eight cumulative clock hours) stage 3 ROP with plus disease. None of the eyes developed retinal structural sequelae. On cycloplegic retinoscopy, 59.4% eyes had nonsignificant hyperopia [spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ 4 D], 14.5% eyes had no refractive error (SE 0 D), 24.7% eyes had low myopia (SE < 5 D), and 1.4% eyes had high myopia (SE > 5.0 D). Eyes developing myopia were associated with a greater number of clock hours of ROP, greater number of laser spots used, and a longer time to disease regression. Two infants (5.6%) had esotropia and one (2.8%) had exotropia.

Conclusion:

Asian Indian infants treated for Type 1 prethreshold ROP did not develop retinal structural sequelae. Myopia was seen in nearly one-fourth of the eyes.The risk factors for myopia were a greater number of clock hours of ROP, greater number of laser spots, and a longer time to regression of ROP.     

Intravitreal pegaptanib combined with diode laser therapy for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity in zone I and posterior zone II

Purpose. To investigate efficacy of intravitreal injection of pegaptanib and laser photocoagulation for treatment of stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affecting zone I and posterior zone II, and to compare the results in terms of regression, development of peripheral retinal vessels, and final structural outcome with conventional laser photocoagulation or combined with cryotherapy. Methods. In a prospective comparative study, 152 eyes with zone I, II posterior ROP 3+ (76 premature rabies), from 2009 to 2011, were included. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravitreal pegaptanib (Macugen? 0.3 mg = 0.02 mL, Pfizer) with conventional diode laser photocoagulation in group 1 (68 eyes of 34 infants) or only laser therapy combined with cryotherapy in group 2 (84 eyes of 42 infants), bilaterally. The primary outcome of treatment success was defined as absence of recurrence of stage 3+ ROP. The mean follow-up after treatment was 19.3 months in group 1 and 21.5 months in group 2. Results. Final favorable anatomic outcome and stable regression of ROP at last control examination was noted in 89.7% of eyes in group 1 and 60.8 % of eyes in group 2. Regression of plus disease and peripheral retinal vessels development appeared significantly more rapidly in group 1. No recurrence of neovascularization (stage 3+ ROP) was identified in 85.4% of patients in group 1 and 50% of patients in group 2. Conclusions. Results of this study support the administration of intravitreal pegaptanib as useful therapy in the management of stage 3+ ROP.     

Trends in the management of stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity.

AIMS/BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome of 66 consecutive infants with stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is reported. METHODS: Thirty four infants (64 eyes) were treated with cryotherapy and 32 infants (59 eyes) underwent laser photocoagulation. RESULTS: Infants with anterior-mid zone II ROP had a high rate of disease regression whether treated by cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation. Infants with posterior zone II or zone I ROP had a 40% success rate with cryotherapy, and 87.5% when treated with laser photocoagulation. CONCLUSION: Evolving experience and changing management policies in infants with posterior ROP has led to improved results.     

Diode laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity: structural and functional outcome.

AIMS--The anatomical and functional outcome of 13 babies with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope diode laser photocoagulation was assessed. METHODS--Thirteen babies (25 eyes) at median postmenstrual age (PMA) 25.5 weeks and median birth weight 725 g were treated with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO) diode laser photocoagulation when threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was detected at median PMA 35 weeks. Retinopathy was more severe in the nasal retina in 15 eyes. The median severity of retinopathy was 6 clock hours grade 3 disease. All babies were treated under general anaesthetic with no significant ocular or systemic complications during treatment. The median number of burns was 1200. RESULTS--Resolution of active retinopathy occurred 1-2 weeks following treatment in all but one baby. All eyes had favourable anatomical and functional outcome as defined by the Cryo-ROP study group at a median age of 19.5 months of follow up. CONCLUSION--BIO diode laser treatment is as effective as cryotherapy with less morbidity.     

阈值前病变１型和阈值期早产儿视网膜病变的激光和冷冻治疗

目的评价激光和（或）冷冻治疗阈值前病变１型和阈值期早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的疗效。方法回顾分析2003年 1 月30日至2005年1月13日期间通过ROP筛查发现并施行视网膜激光和（或）冷冻治疗的阈值前病变１型和阈值期ROP共15例（29只眼），随访比较治疗前后的ROP病变情况，记录任何有关的局部和全身并发症。结果激光和（或）冷冻治疗的29只眼中，19只眼（65.5%）病变完全退化，7只眼（24.1%）残存牵引状视网膜，3只眼（10.3%）进展为视网膜脱离。初次治疗病变即完全退化者12只眼（41.4%），再次治疗后完全退化者7只眼（24.1%）。治疗中2只眼出现一过性角膜混浊，1只眼发生玻璃体积血，1只眼黄斑区误光凝1处。所有病例均未出现全身并发症。结论对阈值前病变１型和阈值期ROP进行及时的激光和（或）冷冻治疗具有比较满意的疗效。（中华眼底病杂志，2005，21：278-281）     

半全视网膜激光光凝术治疗阈值前和阈值期早产儿视网膜病变的疗效

目的：观察半全视网膜激光光凝治疗阈值前和阈值期早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的临床疗效和安全性。

方法：经临床确诊的ROP患儿25例46眼纳入研究。其中,阈值前病变24眼,阈值病变22眼。46眼中,Ⅰ区病变20眼,Ⅱ区病变26眼。所有患儿均在全身麻醉下采用波长为810nm 的Iridis激光机经双目间接检眼镜输出,保留Ⅰ区及其颞侧2个视乳头直径区域不接受光凝,对其余无血管区进行光凝治疗。随访42～881(362±59.6)d,进行疗效分析。

结果：一次光凝术后病变完全消退38眼(83%); 进展期患眼8眼(17%)经Ⅰ区颞侧2PD区域补全激光光凝治疗,二次光凝治疗时间在首次治疗术后33～45d,病变完全消退。未出现局部纤维增生、局限性视网膜脱离等严重并发症。阈值前病变组24眼中,病变完全消退22眼(92%); 阈值病变组22眼中,病变完全消退10眼(73%)。两组病变完全消退率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：半全视网膜激光光凝术可以有效治疗阈值前和阈值期早产儿视网膜病变,对周边视网膜破坏少。     

Myopia and astigmatism in retinopathy of prematurity after treatment with cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation

BACKGROUND: Visual outcome studies have shown that laser photocoagulation may result in more favourable clinical outcomes than cryotherapy in threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Comparative refractive outcome studies have shown that patients treated with laser photocoagulation have less myopia than those treated with cryotherapy. We carried out a study to determine whether a difference in visual outcome or refraction exists in patients with threshold ROP who have been treated with cryotherapy vs. laser photocoagulation. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing treatment results after at least 3 years of follow-up in patients with threshold ROP treated with cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation at a tertiary care children's hospital. Visual acuity and refraction were the outcomes studied. Covariates measured were sex, gestational age and birth weight. Analysis was performed with both bivariate analysis and multivariate models. RESULTS: Seventy-one eyes of 37 patients with threshold ROP were included in the study. Thirty-seven eyes received cryotherapy, and 34 eyes received laser photocoagulation. The mean spherical equivalent refraction was significantly lower in the cryotherapy group than in the laser photocoagulation group (-9.21 dioptres vs. -1.80 dioptres, p = 0.001). Patients in the cryotherapy group were more likely than those in the laser photocoagulation group to have against-the-rule astigmatism (odds ratio 6.86, p = 0.004). Laser photocoagulation did not significantly lower the frequency of an unfavourable visual outcome (visual acuity worse than 20/200) (p = 0.09). INTERPRETATION: Eyes with threshold ROP treated with laser photocoagulation were significantly less myopic and less likely to have against-the-rule astigmatism than those treated with cryotherapy.     

Diode laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: a histopathologic study

Laser photocoagulation has largely supplanted cryotherapy as an effective treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. This case describes the ocular histopathologic findings of a pair of eyes in a severely premature male infant treated with diode laser photocoagulation for bilateral stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for 360 degrees in zone 1 with severe plus disease. The right eye responded to treatment; the left eye developed persistent vitreous hemorrhage and total retinal detachment. The histopathologic examination of laser burns in the right eye disclosed segmental areas of chorioretinal scarring with retinal atrophy and gliosis, loss of RPE and extensive atrophy of the choroid and its vasculature, which involved both the choriocapillaris and larger vessels. The left eye had iris neovascularization, a chronic organized vitreous hemorrhage and a totally detached retina. The histopathologic findings in an eye of a premature infant with threshold ROP treated with diode laser photocoagulation resembled those reported after transsceral cryotherapy. Diode laser photocoagulation may produce less severe chorioretinal damage.     

Retinal features predictive of progressive stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: To determine the retinal features predictive of progressive stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after laser treatment for threshold ROP. METHODS: Retrospective review of 72 eyes of 37 infants after laser treatment for threshold ROP between 1993 and 2002. Retinal features were abstracted from examinations made within 1 week of development of stage 4A ROP or 2 weeks after laser treatment in eyes with regressed threshold disease. Predictive features of progressive stage 4 ROP were determined using a generalized estimating equation model to account for within-subject variability. RESULTS: The generalized estimating equation showed that vitreous state, ridge elevation of six or more clock hours, and two or more quadrants of plus disease predicted progressive retinal detachment, whereas two or more quadrants of neovascularization did not. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive stage 4 ROP requiring surgical intervention was predicted by the absence of clear vitreous, ridge elevation of six or more clock hours, and two or more quadrants of plus disease, but not by neovascularization. These results may be useful in the management of eyes after laser treatment for threshold ROP.     

Koagulationstherapie bei Frühgeborenenretinopathie

PURPOSE: To analyze and compare the anatomical and functional outcome following cryotherapy or laser therapy for ROP. METHODS: Between April 1991 and February 2002, 127 eyes with ROP (65 patients) were treated after threshold ROP was reached. Ten additional eyes with zone I disease were treated with prethreshold. All patients were followed up until a stable retinal situation occurred. RESULTS: An "unfavorable outcome," as described in the Cryo ROP study, occurred in 1 of 91 (1%) eyes with laser treatment and in 3 of 46 (6.5%) eyes with cryotherapy. Temporal dragging of vessels was noticed in 6 of 91 eyes (6.6%) with laser treatment vs 7 of 46 eyes (15.2%) with cryotherapy, respectively. Visual acuity > or =20/25 was achieved in 39.2% in eyes with laser therapy and in 17.6% with cryotherapy (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: A strict screening protocol and treatment at onset of threshold disease results in an excellent anatomical and functional outcome. The results of laser therapy were superior over cryotherapy, indicating that laser treatment is the therapy of choice.     

Combination of laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin®) for aggressive zone I retinopathy of prematurity

Background This report describes the use of combined laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab administration for aggressive zone I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods A male patient, born at 25 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 884 g, received indirect laser photocoagulation and a 0.75 mg intravitreal bevacizumab injection to each eye for aggressive stage 3 zone I ROP. Structural outcomes were evaluated 3 months after treatment. Results At 3-month follow-up, treatment had resulted in ROP regression, prompt resolution of plus signs and neovascular proliferation in both eyes, and no signs of systemic or ocular adverse events. Conclusions The combination of indirect laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab injection was well tolerated and induced prompt regression of aggressive zone I ROP.     

高危阈值前和阈值病变早产儿视网膜病变激光光凝治疗疗效分析

目的 观察激光光凝治疗高危阈值前和阈值病变早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的临床疗效和安全性。方法 临床检查确诊的97例ROP患儿186只眼纳入研究。其中,高危阈值病变88只眼,阈值病变98只眼。186只眼中,1区病变70只眼,2区病变116只眼。所有患儿均在全身麻醉下采用波长为810 nm的Iridis激光机经双目间接检眼镜输出进行激光光凝治疗。治疗后随访35～852 d,平均随访时间(316±274) d。观察病变完全消退和病变进展情况。结果 186只眼中,病变完全消退168只眼,占90.3%;出现局部纤维增生10只眼,占5.4%;进展为局限性视网膜脱离8只眼,占4.3%。高危阈值病变组88只眼中,病变完全消退84只眼,占95.5%;病变进展4只眼,占4.5%。阈值病变组98只眼中,病变完全消退84只眼,占85.7%;病变进展14只眼,占14.3%。两组病变完全消退率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.98,P＜0.05）。1区病变70只眼中,病变消退56只眼,占80.0%;病变进展14只眼,占20.0%。2区病变116只眼中,病变消退112只眼,占96.6%;病变进展4只眼,占3.4%。1区病变进展眼数明显高于2区病变进展眼数,差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.86,P＜0.01）。未观察到与治疗相关的并发症。结论激光光凝治疗高危阈值前和阈值病变ROP均有较好疗效,提前干预能减少其不良预后;无与治疗相关的并发症发生。     

Combined treatment with laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: To report the structural, functional, and refractive outcome, safety, and effectiveness of combined cryotherapy and diode laser indirect photocoagulation in the treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Medical records of patients developing threshold ROP between 1995 and 2003 were reviewed to identify those with combined treatment and followed up for at least 4 years postoperatively. A total of 94 patients (172 eyes) received combined treatment. Data consisted of grade of ROP pre- and postoperatively, most recent fundus examination, birthweight, visual acuity, complications, and refraction. Diode laser was used to ablate posterior avascular retina, and cryotherapy was used for anterior retina. RESULTS: A total of 149 (87%) eyes responded to combined treatment and they had favorable anatomic outcome at last examination. In 131 eyes (76%), functional outcome was favorable (visual acuity better than 20/200) at last examination. Perioperative complications included hemorrhages in 26% of eyes, which resorbed spontaneously. Mean duration of treatment was 31 minutes/eye. At final visit (4 to 12 years), 115 eyes (66.8%) refracted were myopic, of which 26 (22.5%) had high myopia over -6 diopters. CONCLUSIONS: Combined cryotherapy and diode laser photocoagulation for ROP in our patients resulted in regression of threshold ROP with relatively successful structural and functional outcomes. Combined therapy may be faster and useful for eyes with very posterior ROP. This may decrease the number of complications occurring when excessive cryotherapy or laser photoablation must be used in zone 1 ROP.     

计算机辅助间接检眼镜成像技术条件下的早产儿视网膜光凝手术模式

目的:观察使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术对早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)进行表面麻醉下光凝手术的效果,探讨计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术条件下进行ROP光凝手术模式的应用价值。方法:回顾性研究,阈值前1期及阈值期ROP患儿58例116眼在术前、术中、术后分别使用计算机辅助的双目间接检眼镜成像技术对患儿视网膜进行检查,术前检查用于设计手术方案,术中检查用于检测病变区激光治疗的遗漏区,手术结束时用于记录手术效果。手术在实施心电监护后的表面麻醉下进行。随访3~12mo。结果:本组病例中术中使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术检查可及时发现36眼(31.0%)存在遗漏区,立即补充激光治疗。所有116眼一次激光治疗后ROP病变得到控制。随访结束时所有术眼均未出现视网膜不良结构。结论:表面麻醉条件下的早产儿视网膜光凝手术过程中,使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术进行眼底检查,可及时发现激光遗漏区,立即补充激光治疗后能够有效避免二次手术。     

Progression and timing of treatment of zone I retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: To clarify the progression of zone I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and elucidate the most suitable time and method of treatment. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Forty-six eyes of 23 zone I ROP infants were studied at a single institution. Birth weight ranged from 448 to 954 g, and gestational age ranged from 22 to 26 weeks. Fundus examination was started at 29 or 30 weeks postmenstrual age and was performed once or more per week. The first treatment was performed using laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy when zone I ROP progressed to the following criteria. Treatment criteria A included 35 eyes of 18 cases of zone I any stage ROP with plus disease (Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity [ETROP] type 1), criteria B included five eyes of three cases of zone I stage 3 ROP with or without plus disease (ETROP type 1), criteria C included six eyes of four cases of stage 1 or stage 2 ROP without plus disease; the demarcation lines belonged, in large part, within the zone I area. RESULTS: Hazy media such as corneal opacity, miotic pupil, tunica vasculosa lentis, and hazy vitreous persisted until approximately 32 weeks postmenstrual age. The mean period between stage 1 and stage 3 mild was one week, that between stage 1 and stage 3 moderate was 1.7 weeks, and that between stage 1 and stage 3 severe was 1.3 weeks. The period between stage 1 and the first treatment was zero to 20 days, and 60.9% of all the cases were treated within 10 days after stage 1. Six of 46 eyes had unfavorable outcomes. Surgical results of our treatment were comparable or better than those of other reports. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate treatment was required when zone I ROP was diagnosed behind persistent hazy media.     

Combined use of cryotherapy and diode laser photocoagulation for the treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE: Cryotherapy and indirect laser retinal photoablation are both effective in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We describe the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of combined cryotherapy and diode laser photocoagulation to treat threshold ROP. METHODS: Records of patients developing threshold ROP from January 1, 1996 through December 31, 1998, were retrospectively reviewed to identify those treated with combined cryotherapy and photocoagulation and followed up for at least 45 days postoperatively. Diode laser was used to ablate posterior avascular retina, and cryotherapy was used for anterior retina. Data reviewed included ocular and systemic complication rates, treatment duration, number of laser burns, most recent fundus examination, visual acuity, and refraction. RESULTS: In 13 patients, 23 eyes received combined treatment. No intraoperative complications occurred. Mean duration of anesthesia and treatment was 35 +/- 8 minutes/eye. A mean of 117 +/- 84 laser burns/eye were applied. In 20 of 23 eyes (87.0%), anatomic outcome was favorable at last examination. In 13 of 16 eyes (81.3%), functional (visual acuity) outcome was favorable (visual acuity better than 20/200) at 1 year. At 6 months or later, 14 of 16 eyes (87.5%) measured were myopic, of which 5 (31.3%) were highly myopic (> 6 diopters). CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of treating ROP with combined cryotherapy and diode laser photocoagulation compares with that of either modality alone. By decreasing the number of laser applications, combined therapy may be faster and technically easier for eyes with very posterior ROP. This may decrease the number of complications seen when either excessive cryotherapy or laser retinal photoablation is used.     

广角数码儿童视网膜成像系统引导下激光光凝治疗早产儿视网膜病 变

目的 观察在广角数码儿童视网膜成像系统（RetCam II）在激光 光凝治疗早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）中的应用价值。 方法 回顾分析连续 发现的阈值ROP或阈值前Ⅰ型ROP患儿共30例58只眼， 其中36只眼为阈值前Ⅰ型ROP，19只眼为阈值ROP，3只眼为外院冷冻术后有冷冻遗漏 区ROP；1区ROP 8只眼，2区ROP 50只眼。54只眼 （93.1％）进行了一次激光光凝， 4只眼（6.9％）进行了2次激光光凝。 应用半导体532 nm激光经双目间接检眼镜激光光凝周边视网膜无血管区。手术前后 分别进行RetCam II眼底检查，手术中对激光光凝遗漏区即刻进行补充治疗。治疗后随访时 间3～11个月，平均5-5个月。 结果 54只眼1次激光光凝术后1～3周反 应良好，ROP病变得到控制。4只眼行第2次激光光凝术后，2只眼病变静止、消退；2只眼发 生后极 部局限性牵拉性视网膜脱离。随访结束时2只眼（3.4％）发生视网膜不良结构后果。 结论 激光光凝手术前后行RetCamⅡ检查在治疗ROP时能够有效避免激光光凝 “遗漏区”，提高一次激光光凝成功 率，减少手术后视网膜不良结构后果发生率。     

The outcome of retinopathy of prematurity: screening for retinopathy of prematurity using an outcome predictive program

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the calculated risk of progression to threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and risk of an unfavorable structural outcome using the computer program, RM-ROP, with the observed incidence for infants born at Jackson Memorial Hospital (JMH) and to determine how many children would have been treated unnecessarily if the threshold criteria for treatment were lowered on the basis of the clinical findings and RM-ROP risk calculations. DESIGN: Noncomparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: All 292 surviving premature infants weighing 1250 g or less at birth and born at JMH between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 1998, were included in the study. METHODS: Baseline demographic factors and data from sequential ophthalmic examinations were entered into the RM-ROP program for risk calculation. Infants reaching threshold disease received diode laser indirect photocoagulation of the avascular retina. Three-month follow-up was obtained for infants receiving laser treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The development of threshold ROP and an unfavorable structural outcome, defined as a posterior retinal fold or posterior retinal detachment occurring within 3 months of threshold disease. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eyes were diagnosed with threshold ROP, with 18 of 20 subjects having bilateral disease. Three-month posttreatment follow-up was obtained on all 20 children, with 19 having good structural outcomes. Thirty-two percent of eyes (12 of 38) reaching threshold never had a risk estimate greater than 0.10. However, only 6% of eyes (35 of 546) that did not reach threshold ever had a model predicted risk greater than 0.15. All right eyes with zone 1 prethreshold disease, 60% of those with zone 2 stage 2+ disease, and 23% with zone 2 stage 3 disease progressed to threshold ROP. CONCLUSIONS: The similarity between the risk distributions for the Miami and the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity study indicates the similarity in the populations with respect to risk factors identified as important by the model. The Miami data validated the model, with eyes reaching threshold having higher risks than eyes that did not. Actual risk estimates for eyes reaching threshold can be small. Changing the threshold criteria for treatment on the basis of various clinical and computer-generated prethreshold risk levels in our population would have resulted in the unnecessary treatment of many infants who never progressed to threshold disease. In the Miami population, if the model were used to manage an individual subject, close attention would have to be paid to small differences in risk. Although the RM-ROP software program may be a useful tool for following premature infants with ROP, the clinical examination remains the "gold standard."     

倍频Nd:YAG激光治疗早产儿视网膜病变疗效分析

目的 评价倍频Nd:YAG间接检眼镜激光治疗早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of rematurity,ROP)的治疗效果,探讨其合理的治疗时机和模式.结果 对39例76只眼ROP患儿经倍频Nd:YAG间接检眼镜激光治疗后,71只眼病变完全退化,总治愈率93.42%.Ⅰ区病变的出生体重(1232±325)g出生胎龄(28.79±1.93)周与Ⅱ区病变(1333±264)g,(29.47±2.11)周的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而Ⅰ区病变的治疗时矫正胎龄(34.29±1.44)周明显小于Ⅱ区病变(36.00±2.03)周(P<0.05);Ⅰ区病变的激光斑数(1618±607)明显多于Ⅱ区病变(813±470)(P<0.05).结论 倍频Nd:YAG间接检眼镜激光治疗ROP早期病变是安全有效的.Ⅰ区腐变患儿阈值病变出现早,进展快,预后差.     

Outcome-based management of retinopathy of prematurity. Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of prematurity Cooperative Group.

PURPOSE: A system is presented for sequentially computing the risk of progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for infants born weighing not more than 1250 gm. A personal computer program is used to monitor infants' risk of threshold ROP from first appearance of ROP, and the progression in severity is tracked with multiple logistic risk models developed from data in the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity. METHODS: After entry of the infant's birth weight, gestational age, ethnicity, birth in the current hospital or elsewhere, single or multiple birth, and maturity zone of retinal vessels, risk of progression to threshold severity is calculated. New estimates of risk are computed at onset of ROP and prethreshold ROP (any zone I ROP, zone II stage 2+ or 3) according to the extent of retinal vascularization when ROP first appears, how rapidly ROP progresses, and how severe it is.When threshold ROP (8 total or 5 contiguous clock hours of stage 3+ in zone I or II) is reached,the system provides separate estimates of risk that the eye will have an unfavorable 3-month outcome if treated or not. RESULTS: Estimates of risk of progression to threshold disease among the 4099 patients in the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity natural history study varied from less than 1% to more than 70%. For eyes with threshold disease, the risk of an unfavorable outcome at 3 months without treatment varied from less than 10% to more than 90%. CONCLUSION: This method of tracking identifies infants at high risk for severe ROP and poor structural outcome. It provides information about prognosis with a specificity heretofore impossible.