中老年人的复原力与成功老化

介绍了复原力、成功老化的概念以及复原力与成功老化的关系。提出在中老年人群中复原力正向性影响成功老化；成功老化可增强复原力。建议在中老年人群中进行更多的研究，以验证复原力与成功老化的关系。     

护士的复原力和应对方式及健康状况的相关分析

[目的]探讨护士的复原力和应对方式及健康状况三者之间的关系。[方法]使用亚洲复原力量表、自测健康量表、简易应对方式问卷对350名护士进行问卷调查。[结果]复原力与积极应对呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）,护士的健康状况与积极应对呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）复原力高分组的护士在自测健康,自测心理健康,正向情绪上的得分显著高于复原力低分组的护士（t=9．340,8．722,7．327,P〈0．01）,复原力高分组的护士在负向情绪与心理症状维度上的得分显著低于复原力低分组护士（t=-6．503,P〈0．01）。[结论]护士的复原力水平越高,其健康状况越好,采取积极应对的护士的复原力水平比较高,健康水平也较高。     

高危妊娠孕妇创伤后应激障碍与家庭复原力的相关性研究

目的了解高危妊娠孕妇创伤后应激障碍及家庭复原力的现状,分析两者之间的关系。方法采用方便抽样法于2019年3—12月选取郑州市某三级甲等综合医院的400名高危妊娠孕妇为研究对象,在孕妇至产科门诊复查时采用一般资料调查表、创伤后应激障碍平民版量表(PCL-C)、家庭复原力评定量表进行调查,分析产妇创伤后应激障碍水平与家庭复原力之间的关系。共发放问卷400份,回收有效问卷378份,有效回收率为94.5%。结果378名高危妊娠孕妇的PCL-C总分为(31.53±7.54)分,家庭复原力总分为(76.85±12.74)分;创伤后应激障碍水平与家庭复原力呈负相关(r=-0.287,P=0.003);分层回归分析结果显示,家庭复原力中坚毅性、支持性可解释高危妊娠孕妇PTSD总变异的38.3%。结论高危妊娠孕妇家庭复原力对创伤后应激障碍具有负向预测作用,医护人员应从家庭复原力的角度出发降低高危妊娠孕妇创伤后应激障碍水平。     

冠心病患者心理复原力的研究进展

冠心病患者的心理复原力处于中等水平,良好的心理复原力对于冠心病患者的预后有着积极的意义。本文就冠心病患者心理复原力的研究进展作一综述,包括心理复原力的概念、评估工具等。冠心病患者心理复原力的影响因素包括焦虑抑郁、社会支持、生活质量及健康知识水平,临床上对此可给予电话随访、发放健康教育手册等干预措施。建议未来开展冠心病患者心理复原力现状、影响因素及其与患者健康结局关系的研究,以期为构建系统化干预方案提供依据。     

湖南省某高职院校护生复原力现状调查

目的了解湖南省某高职院校护生复原力现状,为提升高职护生复原力提供建议。方法采用一般资料问卷、中文版复原力调查量表于2016年10月对493名高职学生进行问卷调查,了解高职院校护生复原力现状。结果复原力得分总分平均为(110.74±10.68)分;城市护生和大学三年级护生复原力总分得分均较高;担任了班干部的护生在自我效能和自我接纳两方面得分较高。结论高职院校护生复原力处于中等水平,学校教育中可以增加对学生复原力的训练,以备在将来的护理工作中有更好的适应能力。     

自我复原力在新入职护士知觉压力与职业承诺间的调节效应分析

目的 探讨自我复原力在新入职护士知觉压力与职业承诺间的调节作用。方法采用便利抽样法,于2023年2月采用一般资料调查表、中文版知觉压力量表、中文版自我复原力量表、中文版护士职业承诺量表对陕西省、吉林省共3所三级甲等综合医院的341名新入职护士进行调查。结果 新入职护士知觉压力、自我复原力、职业承诺得分分别为（20.54±5.78）分、（39.19±8.67）分、（80.13±14.53）分;新入职护士自我复原力与知觉压力呈负相关（r=-0.196,P<0.001）,与职业承诺呈正相关（r=0.240,P<0.001）,知觉压力与职业承诺呈负相关（r=-0.482,P<0.001）;自我复原力在知觉压力与职业承诺之间存在调节作用（β=0.031,P<0.05）。结论 自我复原力能够调节新入职护士知觉压力与职业承诺间的关系,可为今后护理管理者提高新入职护士的职业承诺水平提供新思路。     

唐山市农村中老年人群血脂与血糖关系的研究

目的探讨唐山市农村中老年人群中血脂各成份与血糖(blood glucose,BG)之间的关系。方法以接受健康教育及体检的本地区农村中老年人群4350例为调查对象,检测血脂总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、血糖(BG),分析血脂各成份与血糖之间的关系。结果随血脂水平的升高,BG水平和高BG检出率有升高趋势;高BG组的血脂水平比非高BG组的血脂水平和高血脂检出率有升高趋势;男女各组间的比较无统计学差异。结论唐山市农村中老年人群血脂异常和BG升高关系密切,男女之间无统计学差异。     

高危妊娠孕妇家庭复原力对产前抑郁的影响：妊娠压力的中介作用

目的 探讨高危妊娠孕妇家庭复原力对产前抑郁的影响,验证并分析妊娠压力在高危妊娠孕妇家庭复原力和产前抑郁间的中介作用.方法 采用方便抽样的方式,选取浙江省某三级甲等专科医院312例高危妊娠孕妇为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、家庭复原力问卷、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、妊娠压力量表进行调查,使用Pearson相关分析对家庭复原力、产前抑郁、妊娠压力进行相关分析,并建立路径关系模型.结果 高危妊娠孕妇家庭复原力问卷总分为(74.49±11.27)分,爱丁堡产后抑郁量表总分为(11.57±5.25)分,抑郁检出率为28.5％,妊娠压力量表总分为(61.66±14.62)分;Pearson相关分析结果显示,高危妊娠孕妇家庭复原力与产前抑郁水平呈负相关(r=-0.301,P<0.05),妊娠压力与产前抑郁水平呈正相关(r=0.325,P<0.05);结构方程模型显示,家庭复原力不仅会直接影响孕妇产前抑郁水平,还会通过影响妊娠压力来影响产前抑郁水平(直接效应估计值为-0.42,中介效应估计值为-0.18,总效应估计值为-0.60).结论 妊娠压力在高危妊娠孕妇家庭复原力和产前抑郁之间起中介作用,护理人员应帮助孕妇家庭提高复原力水平、降低妊娠压力来改善孕妇产前抑郁状况.     

感知社会支持与家庭沟通形式对子宫内膜癌术后心理复原力的影响

目的 探讨感知社会支持与家庭沟通形式对子宫内膜癌术后心理复原力的影响。方法 采用一般资料调查问卷、10条目ConnorDavidson心理复原力量表、多维感知社会支持量表、家庭沟通形式量表对106例子宫内膜癌术后患者进行问卷调查。结果 子宫内膜癌患者来自家庭的社会支持为(18.41±4.82)分,来自朋友的社会支持为(15.13±4.75)分、来自其他人的社会支持为(15.27±4.96)分,感知社会支持总分为(48.81±12.15)分。家庭沟通形式中一致型(高观念,高关系)有15例(14.15%),保护型(低观念,高关系)有18例(16.98%),多元型(高观念,低关系)有41例(38.68%),放任型(低观念,低关系)有32例(30.19%)。子宫内膜癌患者的心理复原力受家庭社会支持(P<0.001)和家庭沟通形式(P<0.05)的影响。结论 子宫内膜癌患者术后心理复原力较低,家庭社会支持和家庭沟通形式是其心理复原力的重要影响因素。     

临床护士在工作中的安全感和心理复原力的相关研究

目的 探究临床护士在工作中的安全感和心理复原力的相关性。方法 选用Connor-Davidson心理复原力量表_^[1]、安全感量表两个量表_^[2],随机选取218名本院护士被试进行问卷填写。结果 ①安全感在工龄上存在显著差异；②安全感在本地与外地区分上存在显著差异；③心理复原力在工龄上存在显著差异。总体上,工龄较高,心理复原力相对较高,顺应性、坚韧性和自主性较高；④心理复原力在本地与外地区分上存在显著差异。⑤安全感和复原力两者者之间都存在显著相关,且各维度间也都存在显著相关。其中安全感、人际安全维度、确定控制与心理复原力、顺应性、坚韧性和自主性存在正相关。结论 安全感越强的护士,心理复原力越强,越容易控制工作情绪,且安全感越强,复原力越强。     

Perceived social support,resilience and health self-efficacy among migrant older adults: A moderated mediation analysis

Migrant older adults become more disadvantaged in health due to aging and migration-related problems. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between perceived social support and health self-efficacy, and to test whether gender moderated the mediating effect of resilience between perceived social support and health self-efficacy among migrant older adults. A total of 184 migrant older adults were recruited from five communities. Resilience played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and health self-efficacy. Moreover, age moderated the relationship between resilience and health self-efficacy. The relationship between resilience and health self-efficacy was stronger in male older adults than female ones. These findings provide a better understanding of the effects of perceived social support and resilience on health self-efficacy, which could guide targeted interventions for community health nurses to promote health self-efficacy among migrant older adults.     

Relationship of social support and health-related quality of life among migrant older adults: The mediating role of psychological resilience

Migrant older adults are influenced by an accumulation of aging and adversities related to migration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of psychological resilience and social support on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among migrant older adults, and examine the mediating effect of psychological resilience between social support and HRQOL. A total of 149 migrant older adults were recruited from five communities in Chongqing, China. Social support and psychological resilience were positively associated with physical and mental HRQOL among migrant older adults. Psychological resilience had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between social support and physical and mental HRQOL. These findings provide a better understanding of how social support and psychological resilience work together to affect HRQOL, and it could guide the interventions to promote HRQOL among migrant older adults in the community.     

The Resilience Scale: psychometric properties and clinical applicability in older adults

Resilience is described as the ability to achieve, retain, or regain a level of physical or emotional health after illness or loss. The Resilience Scale was specifically developed to measure personality characteristics of resilience in older adults. The purposes of this article are to provide additional support for the psychometric properties of the Resilience Scale and to consider the clinical applicability of this tool. Data from two independent samples of older adults were used. Most of the participants were Caucasian women, between 80 and 90 years of age, widowed, single, or divorced, and they had on average approximately three comorbid medical problems. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and test criterion relationships for validity testing, and internal consistency and estimates of R(2) for reliability testing. Although there was some support for the reliability and validity of the 25-item Resilience Scale, there was a poor fit of Items 3-6, 9, 11, 20, and 22 in the 25-item measure. Overall, participants in both samples scored high in resilience, and item mapping indicated that additional items are needed on the measure to differentiate those who are particularly resilient. Although revisions are recommended, use of the Resilience Scale can help identify older adults low in resilience and expose these individuals to interventions to improve resilience and facilitate successful aging.     

Aging, health, and physical activity in Korean Americans

Little is known about the health benefits and the factors that influence physical activity among older adults from ethnically different backgrounds. The aim of this article is to provide a sociocultural context for understanding aging, health, and physical activity among older Korean Americans. Studies that focused on physical activity and exercise among older adults, older Koreans, or older Korean Americans were reviewed. The results of the review were integrated to better understand physical activity in older Korean Americans. Results from varied population-based, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies that assessed the relationships among aging, health, and physical activity were relatively consistent in their findings. Many correlational studies found a strong, positive relationship between physical activity and health benefits and a moderately positive but sometimes mixed association between physical activity and quality of life among older adults. Additional research is needed to clarify the gap between physical activity and actual and predictive quality of life among older Korean Americans. Also, we need more evidences to show the effects of late-life physical activity or exercise on reducing or minimizing disablement in older Korean Americans.     

Biopsychosocial benefits of spirituality in adults aging with HIV: implications for nursing practice and research

More than 100,000 adults above the age of 50 have been diagnosed with HIV in the United States. It is important to understand how to promote successful aging in this growing population. With the positive effects of spirituality on biopsychosocial functioning in aging, HIV, and chronic diseases, accessing the strengths associated with spirituality may facilitate successful aging in adults surviving to older ages. The inherent nature of the nurse-patient relationship means nurses are in a key position to actively listen, assess spiritual needs, and make clinical referrals. In providing holistic care to patients, nurse scientists are encouraged to study and address the spiritual needs in this growing population.     

Factors associated with successful aging in Brazilian community-dwelling older adults: When physical health is not enough

ObjectivesTo determine the main factors (physical, psychological, social and spiritual) associated with successful aging in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study of older adults was conducted evaluating successful aging (Successful Aging Scale-SAS) and its associated factors (sociodemographics, resilience, religiosity/spirituality, meaning in life, quality of life, social support, self-reported diseases, mental health, medications used, among others) using regression models.ResultsA total of 534 older adults were assessed. Linear regression models showed an association of higher SAS score with greater resilience (Beta = 0.371, p < 0.001), spiritual well-being - meaning (Beta = 0.174, p < 0.001) and quality of life - physical (Beta=0.203, p < 0.001), fewer diseases (Beta=-0.128, p < 0.001), greater meaning in life (Beta=0.116, p = 0.001), less loneliness (Beta=-0.133, p = 0.001), lower tobacco use (Beta=0.080, p = 0.013), greater quality of life – environment (Beta=-0.092, p = 0.013) and more frequent religious attendance (Beta=0.068, p = 0.035).ConclusionThe study results suggested that physical factors, although relevant, were not the main factors associated with successful aging.     

Resilience and its associated factors among older disaster survivors

Resilience is a valuable resource in attaining a productive life as well as successful and healthy aging. Little is known about how older people who have experienced the impacts of disasters have fared, especially after earthquakes, in the long term. This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to identify resilience and its associated factors among 324 older disaster survivors. Accordingly, participants reported having an intermediate level of resilience (48.5%), followed by low (28.7%) and high (22.8%) levels. Age, marital status, literacy status, current regular personal income, current health problem, frequent visits to health care centers, perceived quality of life changes after earthquakes, and perceived social support had a statistically significant association with resilience accounting for 33% of the variance in resilience. Nurses, mental health professionals, and other health care practitioners should consider these findings for promoting the resilience of older disaster survivors and develop multidimensional interventions for their disaster preparedness.     

Creativity enhancement: possibilities for successful aging

Successful aging is of growing importance in the U.S. Many researchers have explored the phenomenon using various approaches, yet we are still lacking practical guidelines on how to promote successful aging in older adults. The Roy Adaptation Model supports the promotion of adaptation to chronic health problems at a time when one's overall health may be declining and is a useful guide for understanding successful aging. Current literature also suggests that functional performance and creativity are important in order to age successfully. This study examined the relationships between functional performance, creativity, and successful aging within the context of the Roy Adaptation Model. Although creativity was not significantly predictive of successful aging, functional performance was a statistically significant predictor of a successful aging indicator, purpose in life. The study was a pretest-posttest experimental design investigating the effects of a creativity enhancement intervention in older adults. Although the intervention did not appear to increase creativity or successful aging, there were some statistically significant results and valuable findings about the possibilities for creativity enhancement.     

CREATIVITY ENHANCEMENT: POSSIBILITIES FOR SUCCESSFUL AGING

Successful aging is of growing importance in the U.S. Many researchers have explored the phenomenon using various approaches, yet we are still lacking practical guidelines on how to promote successful aging in older adults. The Roy Adaptation Model supports the promotion of adaptation to chronic health problems at a time when one's overall health may be declining and is a useful guide for understanding successful aging. Current literature also suggests that functional performance and creativity are important in order to age successfully. This study examined the relationships between functional performance, creativity, and successful aging within the context of the Roy Adaptation Model. Although creativity was not significantly predictive of successful aging, functional performance was a statistically significant predictor of a successful aging indicator, purpose in life. The study was a pretest-posttest experimental design investigating the effects of a creativity enhancement intervention in older adults. Although the intervention did not appear to increase creativity or successful aging, there were some statistically significant results and valuable findings about the possibilities for creativity enhancement.     

Positive Self-perceptions of Aging Increase Physical Resilience to Facilitate Social Re-engagement of Older Adults Who Fall: Analysis Based on Health and Retirement Study Data

ObjectiveTo determine whether self-perceptions of aging (SPAs) predict physical resilience after a fall and whether SPA and physical resilience affect subsequent social engagement in older adults with a fall.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsOlder adults who reported a fall within 2 years after baseline data collection (N=1707, mean age 72.9 years, 60.9% women).Main Outcome MeasurePhysical resilience indicates the ability to resist or recover from functional decline from a stressor. The change in frailty status from directly after the fall to up to 2 years of follow-up was used to generate 4 physical resilience phenotypes. Social engagement was dichotomized based on the presence at 1 of the 5 social activities at least once a month. The 8-item Attitudes Toward Own Aging Scale was used to assess SPA at baseline. Multinomial logistic regression and nonlinear mediation analysis were used.ResultsPositive prefall SPA predicted more resilient phenotypes after a fall. Both positive SPA and physical resilience affected subsequent social engagement. Physical resilience partially mediated the association between SPA and social re-engagement (mediated percentage of 14.5%, P=.004). This mediation effect was fully driven by those with previous falls.ConclusionPositive SPA promotes physical resilience in older adults with a fall, both of which affect subsequent social engagement. Physical resilience partially mediated the effect of SPA on social engagement but only for previous fallers. Multidimensional recovery incorporating psychological, physiological, and social aspects should be stressed in the rehabilitation of older adults who fall.