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1.
Melanie Knufinke Arne Nieuwenhuys Sabine A.E. Geurts Els I.S. Møst Kamiel Maase Maarten H. Moen Anton M.L. Coenen Michiel A.J. Kompier 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(4):427-432
Objectives
Sleep is essential for recovery and performance in elite athletes. While it is generally assumed that exercise benefits sleep, high training load may jeopardize sleep and hence limit adequate recovery. To examine this, the current study assessed objective sleep quantity and sleep stage distributions in elite athletes and calculated their association with perceived training load.Design
Mixed-methods.Methods
Perceived training load, actigraphy and one-channel EEG recordings were collected among 98 elite athletes during 7 consecutive days of regular training.Results
Actigraphy revealed total sleep durations of 7:50 ± 1:08 h, sleep onset latencies of 13 ± 15 min, wake after sleep onset of 33 ± 17 min and sleep efficiencies of 88 ± 5%. Distribution of sleep stages indicated 51 ± 9% light sleep, 21 ± 8% deep sleep, and 27 ± 7% REM sleep. On average, perceived training load was 5.40 ± 2.50 (scale 1–10), showing large daily variability. Mixed-effects models revealed no alteration in sleep quantity or sleep stage distributions as a function of day-to-day variation in preceding training load (all p’s > .05).Conclusions
Results indicate healthy sleep durations, but elevated wake after sleep onset, suggesting a potential need for sleep optimization. Large proportions of deep sleep potentially reflect an elevated recovery need. With sleep quantity and sleep stage distributions remaining irresponsive to variations in perceived training load, it is questionable whether athletes’ current sleep provides sufficient recovery after strenuous exercise. 相似文献2.
Brendan Humphries Rob Stanton Aaron Scanlan Mitch J. Duncan 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(6):616-620
Objectives
Resistance training research highlights the importance of training intensity to resistance exercise training (RET) and the associated benefits to health and function for healthy and at-risk populations. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommend specific intensities, frequencies, repetitions, and number of exercises of RET to be performed to maintain health. The primary aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of achieving recommended levels of RET in relation to ACSM guidelines for intensity, frequency, repetitions, and number of exercises in a regional Australian population.Design
A Computer-Assisted-Telephone-Interview (CATI) survey (n = 1237) was conducted to determine RET participation.Methods
Participants were 18 years plus, residing in Central Queensland, Australia.Results
The prevalence of respondents performing ‘No RET’, ‘insufficient RET’ and ‘sufficient RET’ were 79.6.0%, 15.2% and 5.2% respectively. Significantly higher proportions of younger adults adhered to all RET guidelines for intensity (19.2 vs 8.1%), frequency (19.9 vs 11.6%), repetitions (17.8 vs 6.3%), and number of exercises (8.2 vs 3.6%) (p < 0.05). Significantly higher proportions of males, younger adults (18–34 years), higher educated individuals (> 15 years), and individuals engaging in sufficient levels of aerobic exercise training (AET) engaged in sufficient levels of RET (p < 0.05).Conclusions
The prevalence of Australian’s participating in regular RET programs is low and only a small proportion of participants meet ACSM guidelines for the quantity and quality of RET that is likely to provide health benefits. This has implications for public health policy and the future development and promotion of population-level RET guidelines. 相似文献3.
Shane Malone Adam Owen Bruno Mendes Brian Hughes Kieran Collins Tim J. Gabbett 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(3):257-262
Objectives
This study investigated the association between high-speed running (HSR) and sprint running (SR) and injuries within elite soccer players. The impact of intermittent aerobic fitness as measured by the end speed of the 30–15 intermittent fitness test (30–15 VIFT) and high chronic workloads (average 21-day) as potential mediators of injury risk were also investigated.Design
Observational Cohort Study.Methods
37 elite soccer players from one elite squad were involved in a one-season study. Training and game workloads (session-RPE × duration) were recorded in conjunction with external training loads (using global positioning system technology) to measure the HSR (>14.4 km h?1) and SR (>19.8 km h?1) distance covered across weekly periods during the season. Lower limb injuries were also recorded. Training load and GPS data were modelled against injury data using logistic regression. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 90% confidence intervals based on 21-day chronic training load status (sRPE), aerobic fitness, HSR and SR distance with these reported against a reference group.Results
Players who completed moderate HSR (701–750-m: OR: 0.12, 90%CI: 0.08–0.94) and SR distances (201–350-m: OR: 0.54, 90%CI: 0.41–0.85) were at reduced injury risk compared to low HSR (≤674-m) and SR (≤165-m) reference groups. Injury risk was higher for players who experienced large weekly changes in HSR (351–455-m; OR: 3.02; 90%CI: 2.03–5.18) and SR distances (between 75–105-m; OR: 6.12, 90%CI: 4.66–8.29). Players who exerted higher chronic training loads (≥2584 AU) were at significantly reduced risk of injury when they covered 1-weekly HSR distances of 701–750 m compared to the reference group of <674 m (OR = 0.65, 90% CI 0.27–0.89). When intermittent aerobic fitness was considered based on 30–15 VIFT performance, players with poor aerobic fitness had a greater risk of injury than players with better-developed aerobic fitness.Conclusions
Exposing players to large and rapid increases in HSR and SR distances increased the odds of injury. However, higher chronic training loads (≥2584 AU) and better intermittent aerobic fitness off-set lower limb injury risk associated with these running distances in elite soccer players. 相似文献4.
Sebastian Ludyga Markus Gerber Keita Kamijo Serge Brand Uwe Pühse 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(8):833-838
Objectives
To examine the effects of a structured exercise program implemented during school break-time on working memory maintenance and neurophysiological indices of task preparation processes in adolescents.Design
Using class-wise random allocation, participants from four classes were divided into an exercise (n = 20) and a wait-list control group (n = 16). Over a period of eight weeks, the exercise group engaged in 20 min of combined aerobic and coordinative exercise on each school day.Methods
Prior to and after the intervention period, participants performed a computer-based Sternberg task for the assessment of working memory performance. Simultaneously, the contingent negative variation (CNV) of event-related potentials was measured.Results
The exercise group demonstrated a larger decrease in reaction time from pre- to post-test relative to the control group, F(1, 31) = 13.5, p < 0.001. No changes were found for accuracy on the Sternberg task across groups. Using cluster-based permutation testing, the analysis of event-related potentials revealed a significant increase of the initial CNV from pre- to post-test in the exercise group, cluster value = ?2376.2, p = 0.006, which was most pronounced for the fronto-central region, with no such effect observed for the control group.Conclusions
Daily engagement in a short combined aerobic and coordinative exercise program following the school lunch time break elicits benefits for working memory in adolescents. These changes are accompanied by improvements of task preparation processes, which allow the selection of a more appropriate cognitive control strategy. 相似文献5.
Objectives
To quantitatively compare bone mineral density (BMD) outcomes between pre-professional female adolescent ballet dancers and control populations.Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods
Six electronic databases and relevant journals were systematically searched up to August 2017. Included articles examined BMD in adolescent females undergoing pre-professional ballet training and healthy age-matched controls with an available English full text. Dancers were aged 15–19 years and trained in ballet at least 10 h per week. BMD data were analysed via standardized mean difference to account for differences in reporting methodsResults
From 3984 potential articles, 8 cross-sectional studies were accepted for inclusion, which compared 293 dancers (16.9 ± 0.8 years) to 333 controls (16.9 ± 0.9 years). No data were available from longitudinal studies. Dancers displayed lower BMD at the radius and higher BMD at the femoral neck, femoral trochanter and Ward’s triangle. No significant differences were observed in the lumbar spine or tibia. The overall study quality was low and heterogeneity was present in some analyses.Conclusions
This meta-analysis indicates that there may be a site-specific osteogenic effect of pre-professional classical ballet training in adolescent females, with a notable and concerning finding of reduced upper limb BMD compared to age-matched controls. Longitudinal cohort studies are required to confirm the effects of pre-professional ballet training on BMD during adolescence. 相似文献6.
Brandon Giles Paul S.R. Goods Dylan R. Warner Dale Quain Peter Peeling Kagan J. Ducker Brian Dawson Daniel F. Gucciardi 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(6):640-645
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to conduct a conceptual replication of the proposition that mental toughness is associated positively with behavioural perseverance.Design
Repeated-measures design.Methods
In total, 38 male Australian rules footballers took part in this study (age, 21 ± 3 y; mass, 82.7 ± 11.0 kg; height, 1.84 ± .07 m; football experience, 13 ± 4 y). Participants self-reported mental toughness approximately one week prior to their first testing session where we assessed their aerobic capacity via the measurement of peak oxygen consumption (O2peak). Approximately one week later, participants completed a 20 m shuttle run test (MST). The final testing session took place approximately one week later, where participants completed a simulated team game circuit (STGC; 60 min) to simulate game-relevant level of fatigue, which was followed immediately by a 20 m MST.Results
Mental toughness was a salient determinant of the variation in behavioural perseverance under typical circumstances, when prior knowledge from past research was incorporated directly into the estimation process. However, the positive association between mental toughness and behavioural perseverance did not generalise to a performance context in which participants were fatigued.Conclusions
The results of the current study suggest that mental toughness represents a salient psychological correlate of behavioural perseverance in a discrete physical task that taxes the aerobic energy system in some but not all situations. When fatigued, the effect of mental toughness is outweighed by greater underlying fitness. 相似文献7.
Timothy J.H. Lathlean Paul B. Gastin Stuart V. Newstead Caroline F. Finch 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(10):1013-1018
Objectives
To describe the incidence, prevalence, severity, mechanism and body region of injuries in elite junior Australian football (AF) players over one competitive season in order to help inform injury prevention interventions.Design
Prospective cohort, data collected during the 2014 playing season.Methods
Player and staff-reported injuries sustained by 562 players from an under-18 state league were entered into an online sports injury surveillance system. An injury was recorded if it led to a missed training session or match. Injury incidence was calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 h of training and competition. Injury severity was defined by the number of days players missed training or competition. Injury mechanism was identified as either contact, non-contact or overuse.Results
There were 1192 football-related injuries sustained during the season; the majority (n = 1041, 87.3%) were new, occurred during competition (n = 954, 86%) and led to 4–7 missed days in severity (n = 429, 46%). Injury incidence was 37.2 injuries per 1000 h of exposure. Over half of injuries were contact in mechanism (n = 355, 51%). Most injuries were to the lower limb (n = 720, 60%), with the thigh representing the highest proportion of these.Conclusions
This study provides key information as to the aetiology of injury in this level of competition and provides a stronger foundation from which injury prevention studies could be carried out. Future research is well-placed to develop an understanding of the injury risk factors in the elite junior cohort, whilst also reducing injury risk once players transition to the AFL. 相似文献8.
Eoin Everard Mark Lyons Andrew J. Harrison 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(6):569-573
Objectives
To examine the association of injury with the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) in military recruits undergoing an intensive 16-week training block.Design
Prospective cohort study.Methods
One hundred and thirty-two entry-level male soldiers (18–25 years) were tested using the FMS and LESS. The participants underwent an intensive 16-week training program with injury data recorded daily. Chi-squared statistics were used to examine associations between injury risk and (1) poor LESS scores, (2) any score of 1 on the FMS and (3) composite FMS score of ≤14.Results
A composite FMS score of ≤14 was not a significant predictor of injury. LESS scores of >5 and having a score of 1 on any FMS test were significantly associated with injury. LESS scores had greater relative risk, sensitivity and specificity (2.2 (95% CI = 1.48–3.34); 71% and 87% respectively) than scores of 1 on the FMS (relative risk = 1.32 (95% CI = 1.0–1.7); sensitivity = 50% and specificity = 76%).Conclusions
There was no association between composite FMS score and injury but LESS scores and scores of 1 in the FMS test were significantly associated with injury in varying degrees. LESS scores had a much better association with injury than both any scores of 1 on the FMS and a combination of LESS scores and scores of 1 on the FMS. Furthermore, the LESS provides comparable information related to injury risk as other well-established markers associated with injury such as age, muscular strength and previous injury. 相似文献9.
Danilo R. Silva Cláudia S. Minderico Fernando Pinto Paul J. Collings Edilson S. Cyrino Luís B. Sardinha 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(9):919-924
Objectives
We investigated the impact of a standing desk intervention on daily objectively monitored sedentary behavior and physical activity in 6th grade school students.Design
Cluster non-randomised controlled trial.Method
Two classes (intervention students: n = 22 [aged 11.8 ± 0.4 years]; control students: n = 27 [11.6 ± 0.5 years]) from a public school in Lisbon were selected. The intervention involved replacing traditional seated classroom desks for standing desks, for a total duration of 16 weeks, in addition to performing teacher training and holding education/motivation sessions with students and parents. Sedentary behavior (ActivPAL inclinometer) and physical activity (Actigraph GT3X+?accelerometer) were measured for seven days immediately before and after the intervention.Results
There were no differences in baseline behaviors between intervention and control groups (p > 0.05). At follow-up (16 weeks), it was observed that the intervention group had decreased time spent sitting (total week: ?6.8% and at school: ?13.0% relative to baseline) and increased standing (total week: 16.5% and at school: 31.0%) based on inclinometer values (p-value for interaction group*time <0.05). No significant differences in activity outcomes were observed outside school time (week or weekend) between groups.Conclusion
We conclude that a 16 week classroom standing desk intervention successfully reduced sitting time and increase standing time at school, with no observed compensatory effects outside of school time. 相似文献10.
Alan McCall Mark Jones Les Gelis Craig Duncan Fabian Ehrmann Gregory Dupont Rob Duffield 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(8):800-804
Objectives
Injured and non-injured national team footballers were compared for external and internal loads during transition from club to National team training camp.Design
Prospective Case Study.Methods
Load and injury data were collected from the same National team prior to and during training camps of 2 tournaments; World (n = 17) and Asian Cups (n = 16). External (number sessions) and internal (s-RPE) loads were collected 4-weeks prior to and during camps. The acute:chronic load ratio was calculated for the first week of camp based on the mean of previous 4-weeks. Respective loads and ratios were compared between injured and non-injured players for non-contact injuries occurring during camp.Results
Seven non-contact injuries occurred during World Cup camp and 1 during Asian Cup (preventing statistical analyses). Small-to-moderate effect sizes were found for lower chronic internal loads (ES = 0.57; 90% CI: 0.39–1.08) and higher acute:chronic ratio (ES = 0.45; 90% CI: 0.31–0.87) for injured compared to non-injured players. Moderate-large effects (ES = 0.83; 90% CI: 0.56–1.60) were evident for increased acute:chronic ratio for number of sessions in injured compared to non-injured players. However, small-moderate effect sizes were present for lower chronic training and match loads (ES = 0.55; 90% CI: 0.38–1.06) in injured players prior to the World Cup camp, alongside an increased number of sessions in week 1 of camp (ES = 0.47; 90% CI: 0.33–0.91).Conclusions
Players incurring non-contact injury during training camp prior to an international tournament performed less prior chronic external and internal load and a concomitant higher relative increase in camp, thus representing a practical marker to monitor in national teams. 相似文献11.
Jordan Stares Brian Dawson Peter Peeling Michael Drew Jarryd Heasman Brent Rogalski Marcus Colby 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(10):1019-1024
Objectives
Examine the influence of rehabilitation training loads on return to play (RTP) time and subsequent injury in elite Australian footballers.Design
Prospective cohort study.Methods
Internal (sessional rating of perceived exertion: sRPE) and external (distance, sprint distance) workload and lower limb non-contact muscle injury data was collected from 58 players over 5 seasons. Rehabilitation periods were analysed for running workloads and time spent in 3 rehabilitation stages (1: off-legs training, 2: non-football running, 3: group football training) was calculated. Multi-level survival analyses with random effects accounting for player and season were performed. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each variable were produced for RTP time and time to subsequent injury.Results
Of 85 lower limb muscle injuries, 70 were rehabilitated to RTP, with 30 cases of subsequent injury recorded (recurrence rate = 11.8%, new site injury rate = 31.4%). Completion of high rehabilitation workloads delayed RTP (distance:?>49,775 m [reference: 34,613–49,775 m]: HR 0.12, 95%CI 0.04–0.36, sRPE:?>1266 AU [reference: 852–1266 AU]: HR 0.09, 95%CI 0.03–0.32). Return to running within 4 days increased subsequent injury risk (3–4 days [reference: 5–6 days]: HR 25.88, 95%CI 2.06–324.4). Attaining moderate-high sprint distance (427–710 m) was protective against subsequent injury (154–426 m: [reference: 427–710 m]: HR 37.41, 95%CI 2.70–518.64).Conclusions
Training load monitoring can inform player rehabilitation programs. Higher rehabilitation training loads delayed RTP; however, moderate-high sprint running loads can protect against subsequent injury. Shared-decision making regarding RTP should include accumulated training loads and consider the trade-off between expedited RTP and lower subsequent injury risk. 相似文献12.
Cameron Garnock Jeremy Witchalls Phil Newman 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(6):586-590
Objectives
Quantifying individual risk for medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is valuable due to the high prevalence, substantial financial and service costs, and lengthy recovery time of the condition. Identification of those at risk is a key first step in prevention of the condition. This study aimed to test a suite of best evidence risk factors in a cohort of Navy recruits and to develop a predictive model for individuals at risk of MTSS.Design
Prospective cohort study of Navy recruits undergoing initial trainingMethods
A prospective cohort design, this study screened recruits by assessing gender, MTSS history, years of running experience, orthotic use, BMI, navicular drop, ankle plantarflexion and hip external rotation at the beginning of basic training. Follow-up was conducted at completion of training (11 weeks).Results
Volunteers included 123 recruits (28 females and 95 males). Thirty developed MTSS (19 males and 11 females). Stepwise logistic regression of one half of the data produced a significant model (p < 0.001), comprising female gender (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.0, 18.9, p = 0.05), MTSS history (OR 18.3, 95% CI 3.6, 91.5, p < 0.01) and increased hip ER (OR 1.1 per degree, 95% CI 1.0, 1.202, p = 0.05). Findings validated with the other half of the cohort and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the model had 82% sensitivity and 84% specificity.Conclusions
This predictive model provides military institutions, clinicians and instructors with a strong and accurate calculator for predicting an individual recruit’s risk of MTSS. 相似文献13.
Darías Holgado Thomas Zandonai Mikel Zabala James Hopker Pandelis Perakakis Antonio Luque-Casado Luis Ciria Eduardo Guerra-Hernandez Daniel Sanabria 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(7):654-660
Objectives
To investigate the effect of tramadol on performance during a 20-min cycling time-trial (Experiment 1), and to test whether sustained attention would be impaired during cycling after tramadol intake (Experiment 2).Design
Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.Methods
In Experiment 1, participants completed a cycling time-trial, 120-min after they ingested either tramadol or placebo. In Experiment 2, participants performed a visual oddball task during the time-trial. Electroencephalography measures (EEG) were recorded throughout the session.Results
In Experiment 1, average time-trial power output was higher in the tramadol vs. placebo condition (tramadol: 220 W vs. placebo: 209 W; p < 0.01). In Experiment 2, no differences between conditions were observed in the average power output (tramadol: 234 W vs. placebo: 230 W; p > 0.05). No behavioural differences were found between conditions in the oddball task. Crucially, the time frequency analysis in Experiment 2 revealed an overall lower target-locked power in the beta-band (p < 0.01), and higher alpha suppression (p < 0.01) in the tramadol vs. placebo condition. At baseline, EEG power spectrum was higher under tramadol than under placebo in Experiment 1 while the reverse was true for Experiment 2.Conclusions
Tramadol improved cycling power output in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2, which may be due to the simultaneous performance of a cognitive task. Interestingly enough, the EEG data in Experiment 2 pointed to an impact of tramadol on stimulus processing related to sustained attention.Trial registration
EudraCT number: 2015-005056-96. 相似文献14.
J. Vicens-Bordas E. Esteve A. Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe T. Bandholm K. Thorborg 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(1):75-83
Objective
The primary aim of this systematic review was to determine if inertial flywheel resistance training is superior to gravity-dependent resistance training in improving muscle strength. The secondary aim was to determine whether inertial flywheel resistance training is superior to gravity-dependent resistance training in improving other muscular adaptations.Design
A systematic review with meta-analyses of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials.Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with no publication date restrictions until November 2016. We performed meta-analyses on randomised and non-randomised controlled trials to determine the standardized mean difference between the effects of inertial flywheel and gravity-dependent resistance training on muscle strength. A total of 76 and 71 participants were included in the primary and secondary analyses, respectively.Results
After systematic review, we included three randomised and four non-randomised controlled trials. In the primary analysis for the primary outcome muscle strength, the pooled results from randomised controlled trials showed no difference (SMD = ?0.05; 95%CI ?0.51 to 0.40; p = 0.82; I2 = 0%). In the secondary analyses of the primary outcome, the pooled results from non-randomised controlled trials showed no difference (SMD = 0.02; 95%CI ?0.45 to 0.49; p = 0.93; I2 = 0%; and SMD = 0.03; 95%CI ?0.43 to 0.50; p = 0.88; I2 = 0%). Meta-analysis on secondary outcomes could not be performed.Conclusion
Based on the available data, inertial flywheel resistance training was not superior to gravity-dependent resistance training in enhancing muscle strength. Data for other strength variables and other muscular adaptations was insufficient to draw firm conclusions from. 相似文献15.
Natalia J.M. Bootsman Tina L. Skinner Ravin Lal Delma Glindemann Carmela Lagasca G.M.E.E. Peeters 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(2):173-178
Objectives
Insight into modifiable factors related to falls risk in older adults living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) is necessary to tailor preventive strategies for this high-risk population. Associations between physical activity (PA), physical performance and psycho-cognitive functioning have been understudied in aged care residents. This study investigated associations between PA, and both physical performance and psycho-cognitive functioning in older adults living in RACFs.Design
Cross-sectional study.Methods
Forty-four residents aged 85 ± 8 years were recruited from four RACFs located in Southeast Queensland. PA was assessed as the average time spent walking in hours/day using activPAL3?. Physical performance tests included balance, gait speed, dual-task ability, reaction time, coordination, grip strength, and leg strength and power. Psycho-cognitive questionnaires included quality of life, balance confidence, fear of falling and cognitive functioning. Associations between PA and each outcome measure were analysed using linear or ordinal regression models.Results
The average time spent walking was 0.5 ± 0.4 h/day. Higher levels of PA were significantly associated with better balance (compared with low PA, medium: B = 1.6; high: B = 1.3) and dual-task ability (OR = 7.9 per 0.5 h/day increase). No statistically significant associations were found between PA and the other physical and psycho-cognitive measures.Conclusions
More physically active residents scored higher on balance and dual-task ability, which are key predictors of falls risk. This suggests that physical activity programs targeting balance and dual-task ability could help prevent falls in aged care residents. 相似文献16.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine whether health-related quality of life and region-specific outcomes differ between middle-aged adults with and without chronic ankle instability.Design
Cross-sectional.Methods
Two hundred middle-aged individuals (40 years or older) volunteered to participate in the study. There were 75 individuals classified as having chronic ankle instability (51.5 ± 7.3 years, 175.8 ± 3.7 cm, 86.5 ± 18.9 kg) and 125 classified as not having chronic ankle instability (53.2 ± 7.3 years, 176.2 ± 5.4 cm, 81.3 ± 17.6 kg). Participants completed the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability as the inclusionary survey and the Internal Ankle Consortium guidelines were followed to classify individuals. Following the inclusionary survey participants completed the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Lower Limb Questionnaire and the Short Form-36 v2.Results
The Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Lower Limb Questionnaire, and the Physical Component Summary score of the Short Form-36 v2 were statistically different between groups (p < 0.05). Specifically, the mean difference was 16.7 points and 12.3 points for the Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Lower Limb Questionnaire and the Physical Component Summary score, respectively, with the CAI participants scoring worse.Conclusions
Individuals with CAI displayed decreased generic health-related quality of life and reduced region-specific ankle function. 相似文献17.
Adam Kawczyński Dariusz Mroczek Rasmus Elbæk Andersen Tadeusz Stefaniak Lars Arendt-Nielsen Pascal Madeleine 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(8):864-869
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of eccentric exercise (ECC) on the spatial mapping of muscle stiffness and creep of the upper trapezius, using a quantitative myotonometry device.Design
Two groups of 16 subjects participated in the experimental sessions. In part A, the test–retest reliabilities of muscle stiffness and creep were assessed. In part B, muscle stiffness and muscle creep were mapped before, immediately after and 24 h after ECC when post-exercise soreness had developed.Methods
The ECC protocol consisted of 50 eccentric contractions divided into 5 bouts of 10 contractions at maximum force level.Results
The relative reliabilities of stiffness and creep measurements were found to be substantial to almost perfect. Muscle stiffness for musculotendinous sites increased at 24 h after ECC while it decreased for muscle belly immediately after and 24 h after ECC. Muscle creep for musculotendinous sites decreased, and for muscle belly sites increased, immediately after and 24 h after ECC.Conclusions
For the first time, the present study showed sign of discrepancies in the effects of ECC on muscle stiffness and creep, underlining opposite changes in the musculotendinous and muscle belly viscoelastic properties of upper trapezius. 相似文献18.
Johannes W. de Greeff Roel J. Bosker Jaap Oosterlaan Chris Visscher E. Hartman 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(5):501-507
Objectives
The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide a systematic review of intervention studies that investigated the effects of physical activity on multiple domains of executive functions, attention and academic performance in preadolescent children (6–12 years of age). In addition, a systematic quantification of the effects of physical activity on these domains is provided.Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods
Searches of electronic databases and examining relevant reviews between 2000 and April 2017 resulted in 31 intervention studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Four subdomains of executive functions (inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility and planning), three subdomains of attention (selective, divided and sustained) and three subdomains of academic performance (mathematics, spelling and reading) were distinguished. Effects for different study designs (acute physical activity or longitudinal physical activity programs), type of physical activity (aerobic or cognitively engaging) and duration of intervention were examined separately.Results
Acute physical activity has a positive effect on attention (g = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.77; 6 studies), while longitudinal physical activity programs has a positive effect on executive functions (g = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.39; 12 studies), attention (g = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.56, 1.24; 1 study) and academic performance (g = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.49; 3 studies). The effects did depend on the subdomain.Conclusions
Positive effects were found for physical activity on executive functions, attention and academic performance in preadolescent children. Largest effects are expected for interventions that aim for continuous regular physical activity over several weeks. 相似文献19.
Markus Gerber Simon Best Fabienne Meerstetter Marco Walter Sebastian Ludyga Serge Brand Renzo Bianchi Daniel J. Madigan Sandrine Isoard-Gautheur Henrik Gustafsson 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(12):1200-1205
Objectives
To examine in a sample of young elite athletes (a) the presence of clinically relevant symptoms of burnout and depression, and (b) a possible interaction of perceived stress and mental toughness in the prediction of burnout and depressive symptoms.Design
6-month prospective study.Methods
A representative sample of 257 young elite athletes (M = 16.82 years, SD = 1.44, 36% females) was recruited in North–Western Switzerland. 197 athletes were followed-up across a 6-month period. Burnout was assessed with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), and depression with the 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Values of ≥4.40 (SMBM) and >14 (PHQ-9) were considered indicative of clinically relevant burnout or depression. Stress perceptions were assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and mental toughness with the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test stress-buffering effects.Results
The percentage of athletes with clinically relevant levels of burnout and depressive symptoms was 12% and 9%, respectively. Both cross-sectional and prospective analyses showed that compared to participants with low mental toughness, those with higher mental toughness scores reported significantly fewer mental health issues, when exposed to high stress. By contrast, when stress levels were low, mental toughness was unrelated to psychological health complaints.Conclusions
About every tenth young elite athlete reported burnout or depressive symptoms of potential clinical relevance. While high perceived stress was associated with increased psychological health complaints, mental toughness was able to off-set some of the negative consequences resulting from high stress exposure. 相似文献20.
Gerard Moras Bruno Fernández-Valdés Jairo Vázquez-Guerrero Julio Tous-Fajardo Juliana Exel Jaime Sampaio 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(12):1286-1292