全膝关节表面置换术治疗晚期骨性关节炎

目的总结全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎的经验,探讨其治疗效果。方法对215例（226膝）骨性关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换术,应用KSS膝关节评分系统进行疗效分析。结果178例获得随访,时间15d～11年5个月,平均（29±8．2）个月,膝关节评分平均（87±3．9）分,优良率91．5％;膝关节功能评分平均（76±9．9）分,优良率66．6％。结论全膝关节表面置换术对于严重膝骨性关节炎的疼痛缓解、功能改善方面有良好疗效。     

Assessment of knee alignment after bicompartmental knee arthroplasty

A key factor in successful knee arthroplasty is restoration of correct knee alignment. Although traditional total knee arthroplasty effectively restores alignment, it is unclear whether similar results can be consistently obtained with more conservative procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess alignment after implantation of the Journey Deuce Bi-Compartmental Knee System (Smith & Nephew, Inc, Memphis, Tenn). Mechanical axis was assessed in 137 cases. Preoperatively, 77 (56%) of 137 patients had a mechanical axis passing far medial to the center of the knee, consistent with varus deformity. Postoperatively, 130 (95%) of 137 patients had a mechanical axis passing through the center of the knee. These results suggest that the Journey Deuce Bi-Compartmental Knee System supports correction of varus deformity, previously thought to require total knee arthroplasty or osteotomy.     

全膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的研究全膝关节置换治疗骨关节炎的近中期手术效果,探讨手术方法与术后效果。 方法回顾性分析了皖南医学院弋矶山医院2010年7年至2018年3月临床资料。膝关节骨关节炎手术患者共81例,平均疼痛时间(8±3)年,均采用后稳定型假体,膝关节内外翻、屈曲畸形通过术中骨赘清理、内外侧副韧带和后方关节囊等软组织松解等技术矫正。术后关节囊内注入氨甲环酸抗凝及早期进行康复治疗。术前及术后拍摄下肢全长X片及膝关节正侧位X片记录股胫角度和屈曲畸形角度,统计手术时间、术后引流量。术后随访1、3、6、12、24月复查膝关节正侧位X线,记录膝关节活动度和疼痛情况,并进行膝关节协会评分(KSS)。用SPSS 17.0软件,数据采用配对t检验分析。 结果平均随访时间(22±5)个月,手术时间平均(71±6)min,引流量平均(380±5)ml,膝关节股胫角术后平均为(1.3±1.0)°,术后有4例术后出现膝前痛。无血管及神经损伤等并发症,下肢力线基本恢复正常。无术后感染发生。随访复查膝关节正侧位X线片,未发现假体松动、下沉。随访膝关节活动度、疼痛。膝关节KSS评分有显著改善(临床t＝－66,功能t＝－91.7,P<0.05) 。 结论全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎,术中应用骨赘清理、内外侧,后方关节囊等软组织松解等手术技术,可纠正内外翻畸形,恢复下肢力线、改善膝关节活动度和缓解疼痛,临床效果满意。     

人工全膝关节置换术在外翻膝的临床应用

[目的]探讨人工全膝关节置换术在外翻膝中的手术技术和临床疗效.[方法]2004年3月～2008年9月,对14例16个外翻膝行膝前正中、髌旁内侧入路,常规截骨、外侧软组织松解,后方稳定型假体或后交叉韧带保留型假体的人工全膝关节置换术进行回顾性研究.患者男3例,女11例,平均年龄60.5岁(45～77岁).经过随访比较手术前后膝关节屈伸活动度、KSS评分、膝关节X线情况来评估手术临床效果.[结果]术后平均随访42个月(24～54个月),膝关节屈伸活动度由术前平均82°(伸直0°～屈曲120°)提高到术后120°(伸直0°～屈曲150°);KSS评分:临床评分由术前平均43分(10～65分)提高到术后平均83.9分(70～100分),功能评分由术前平均52.9分(30～70分)提高到术后平均89.3分(75～100分);胫股角由术前平均16.5°(8°～30°)改善纠术后平均7°(5°～10°),膝外翻畸形得到良好的矫正.随访中无深静脉血栓、膝关节感染、髌骨半脱位或脱位并发症发生.[结论]膝前正中、髌旁内侧入路,常规截骨、外侧软组织松解,后方稳定型假体或后交叉韧带保留型假体的TKA治疗外翻膝临床疗效满意.     

Arthrodesis of the knee after failed knee replacement

Arthrodesis of the knee is sometimes needed for failed total knee replacement, but fusion can be difficult to obtain. We describe a method of arthrodesis that uses the simple, inexpensive, Portsmouth external fixator. Bony union was obtained in all six patients treated with this technique. These results are compared with those obtained by other methods of arthrodesis.     

二期全膝关节置换治疗膝关节真菌感染1例

膝关节真菌感染发病率低,临床少见.其起病慢,病程长,晚期可出现关节骨质严重破坏,膝关节功能丧失.关节真菌感染临床症状不典型,影像也无特征性表现,尤其在早期,容易出现误诊误治,导致延误治疗.本文报告福建中医药大学附属泉州市正骨医院2019 年9 月收治的1 例膝关节真菌感染的治疗经过,结合文献复习,探讨本病在诊断以及治疗...     

膝关节外翻畸形的人工全膝关节置换术

目的探讨膝关节外翻畸形患者行人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)的手术方法和临床效果。方法对1996年1月至2004年8月74例87个膝关节外翻畸形TKA手术进行回顾分析。患者男11例,女63例,平均年龄63岁(26~80岁);股胫角(股骨和胫骨解剖轴线的夹角)平均为21·59°(12°~40°);应用后稳定型假体,采用髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨加单纯外侧软组织松解方法。随访检查膝关节活动度、X线外翻角度及KSS评分以评价手术效果。结果术后评价随访时间33·8个月(5个月~9年),根据膝关节活动度数及KSS评分评估关节功能情况。膝关节平均活动度为112·4°(80°~130°),KSS评分平均为81·7分(71~93分),比术前提高了59分;功能评分平均为86·3分,比术前提高了59·8分。所有膝关节在行TKA后外翻畸形基本得到矫正,随访时外翻度数(股胫角)平均为8·7°(0°~11°),较术前有明显改善。随访时1例患者有膝关节轻度不稳症状,1例术前严重髌脱位患者术后髌骨存在半脱位,其余正常。结论对于膝关节外翻畸形患者,采用髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨加单纯外侧软组织松解以及安装后稳定型假体的方法,可取得比较满意的临床效果。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎

[目的]评价人工膝关节置换术治疗骨关节炎的临床疗效。[方法]本院自1994年10月～2003年10月采用人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎81例（95膝），男10例，女71例；平均年龄65．5岁（50—82岁）；左膝35例，右膝26例，双侧同时置换17例；保留后交叉韧带假体18膝，后方稳定性假体62膝，活动衬垫15膝。[结果]本组平均随访42个月（14—108个月），应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析，优：80膝（84．21％），良：10膝（10．53％），可：3膝（3．16％），差：2膝（2．10％）。优良率94．74％。[结论]作者认为人工全膝关节置换术能有效的缓解膝关节骨关节炎的疼痛，改善膝关节功能。正确的选择假体、精细的手术操作和严格的术后康复是保证手术效果的关键。     

新版膝关节评分系统在评价单髁关节置换术的应用分析

目的使用单髁关节置换的患者样本验证新版膝关节评分系统(New-KSS)评分系统的效应性以及内部一致性。 方法采用2012年由美国膝关节协会设计推出的New-KSS评价单髁关节置换治疗膝前内侧单间室骨关节炎患者疗效,在行初次单髁关节置换的住院患者中对参与本研究的患者按照符合膝内侧单间室骨关节炎的纳入标准进行筛选,并排除双侧、多间室、炎症性关节炎及近期感染的患者,并且要求患者在术前、术后3个月及术后12个月完成New-KSS评分量表以及膝关节损伤和骨关节炎评分(KOOS)量表。利用克隆巴赫信度系数(Cronbach’ s alpha)分析新版膝关节评分系统New-KSS的信度,同时通过Spearman相关系数分析其效度。验证New-KSS评分在评价单髁关节置换疗效的效应性以及内部一致性。 结果65名符合入组标准的患者参加了研究,根据New-KSS各亚维度的Cronbach’ s α在0.70～0.91变化,反映其具有较高的内在信度。术前、术后次评分各维度效应值Cohen’d系数范围在1.83～4.43,提示其具有较好的效应性。New-KSS与KOOS量表相应维度之间的结构效度理想,说明New-KSS与KOOS在评价同一对象时具有较好的一致性。 结论通过分析相关数据发现,New-KSS在评价单髁关节置换疗效具有较好的效应性和内部一致性;且New-KSS量表具有较好的跨时间差异适应性。     

膝表面置换术在类风湿性膝关节炎和骨性膝关节炎的应用和比较

目的探讨膝关节表面置换术治疗类膝关节风湿性关节炎(RA)和膝关节骨性关节炎(OA)的临床疗效、安全性差异。方法自2010-01—2012-04采用膝关节表面置换术治疗68例(84膝)膝关节疾患,按照疾病类型分为OA组和RA组,对比分析2组手术时间、术中出血量、VAS评分、切口愈合时间、HSS单项评分及总分等。结果术后68例(84膝)获得平均47个月随访,随访期间无人工膝关节假体脱位。OA组手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量及VAS评分显著低于RA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。OA组术后1个月疼痛和HSS总分显著高于RA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),OA组术后1年和3年疼痛、功能、活动范围单项评分和HSS总分均显著高于RA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论OA及RA人工全膝置换术后功能均有一定改善,与OA相比,RA患者术后近中期疗效相对较差,但远期疗效差异有待进一步研究。     

单间室膝关节置换治疗膝关节病变

目的了解单间室膝关节置换治疗骨关节炎及骨坏死的近期疗效,探讨其手术适应证及手术要点。方法自1999年4月～2000年7月对20例患者行单间室膝关节置换术,男10例(12膝),女10例(12膝);其中骨关节炎18例(22膝),骨坏死2例(2膝);术后随访13～34个月,平均25.7个月。随访主要指标为站立位下肢胫股角(femorotibialangle,FTA)、膝关节伸屈活动度及JOA(日本骨科学会)膝关节功能评分。结果术后平均FTA与术前相比差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.001)。随访时24膝平均活动度与术前相比差异有显著性意义,关节屈曲挛缩得到明显改善(P=0.0025);随访时屈曲度与术前相比差异无显著性,而术前与术后的屈曲度相关性分析显示两者间差异有非常显著性意义(r=0.742,P<0.001)。结论单间室膝关节置换术具有手术创伤小、活动度恢复好的优点,近期效果相当满意。严格掌握手术指征是手术成功的关键,同时对手术技术及手术经验也有较高要求,中远期效果有待进一步随访。     

Total knee arthroplasty for the stiff knee

The underlying cause of stiffness must be carefully evaluated when considering total knee arthrolasty for the stiff knee. Any previous skin incision must be recorded as well as the state of the extensor mechanism. The choice of prosthesis constraint should be decided on the state of the soft-tissues often released extensively to gain flexion. A quadriceps release or plasty and a tibial tubercle osteotomy are the current options for exposure, soft-tissue release and bone cuts. Postoperatively, the motion should be started early combined to pain control in order to obtain an average of 65° of flexion at follow-up. The complication rate remains high including recurrent stiffness, delayed wound healing and deep infection.     

Role of total knee replacement in failed knee fusions

The author describes his technique and the results of total knee replacement in four patients who already had fused knees. In two, the patella was present so a semiconstrained prosthesis was used, but in the other two a stabilized knee prosthesis was used because the patella was absent. In the first case, lack of experience with the technique led to failure of the prosthesis and revision was necessary, but in subsequent cases the patients have done well. Quadriceps control was not a problem. Range of movement improved slowly over the first year. The author concludes that disassembly of knee fusion is possible and gives acceptable results.     

Postoperative numbness of the knee following total knee arthroplasty

Introduction

The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve is often injured during total knee arthroplasty (TKA), leading to numbness in its distribution distal to the incision. This is illustrated in a patient who suffered full-thickness burns to the lateral aspect of the knee from a hot water bottle. However, the proportion of patients who are informed of this phenomenon (as well as the effect of informing the patient of numbness) has not previously been studied according to the authors’ knowledge. The aim of this study was to establish the proportion of patients with whom postoperative numbness was discussed during the consent procedure and whether this discussion was documented.

Methods

A total of 73 patients (103 TKAs) agreed to take part in this study between 16 May and 9 July 2011. Patients were asked about their recollection of numbness being mentioned prior to the procedure as well as whether they experienced postoperative numbness. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS®.

Results

Subjective numbness was noted in 27% of the patients in this study. The prevalence of numbness decreased with time. Patients whose consent process included a discussion of numbness were 3.3 times more likely to report numbness after TKA (p=0.003).

Conclusions

Patient education regarding postoperative numbness increases the patient’s awareness of any insensate skin that may develop. Numbness after TKA does improve with time but does not resolve completely. It is therefore recommended by the authors that numbness is discussed preoperatively with the patient and that this discussion is documented.     

Two-stage conversion of fused knee to total knee arthroplasty

We report 2 cases of conversion of fused knee to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by way of soft-tissue expansion. Case 1 had had multiple operations on the infected total knee, which was arthrodesed 7 months before conversion. Case 2 had had knee arthrodesis for an intra-articular comminuted fracture 5 years and 10 months before conversion. In both patients, a tissue expander was placed subcutaneously upon the patella and the patellar tendon to gradually expand the anterior knee skin for later coverage and knee flexion. After takedown of the arthrodesis, a fully constrained rotating-hinge prosthesis was implanted as the second-stage procedure. The final range of flexion was 95 degrees in both knees with patients' subjective satisfaction.     

Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee

Valgus knee deformity is a challenge in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and it is observed in nearly 10 % of patients undergoing TKA. The valgus deformity is sustained by anatomical variations divided into bone remodelling and soft tissue contraction/elongation. Bone tissue variations consist of lateral cartilage erosion, lateral condylar hypoplasia and metaphyseal femur and tibial plateau remodelling. Soft tissue variations are represented by tightening of lateral structures: lateral collateral ligament, posterolateral capsule, popliteus tendon, hamstring tendons, the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and iliotibial band. Complete pre-operative planning and clinical examination are mandatory to manage bone deformities and soft tissue contractions/elongations and to decide if a higher constrained prosthesis is necessary. Two different approaches have been described to perform TKA in a valgus knee: the anteromedial approach and the anterolateral one. In valgus knee deformity bone cuts can be performed differently in order to correct low-grade deformities and reduce great deformities. There is still debate in the literature on the sequence of lateral soft tissue release to achieve the best alignment without any instability. The aim of this article is to review the anatomical variations underlying a valgus knee, to assess the best pre-operative planning and to evaluate how to choose the grade of constraint of the implant. We will also review the main approaches and surgical techniques both for bone cuts and soft tissue management. Finally, we will report on our experience and technique.     

全膝关节置换术后疼痛的争议与探索

<正>全膝关节置换术是膝关节终末期病变非常有效的治疗方法,但手术后的疼痛是至今尚未根本解决的主要并发症之一。本期4篇论文围绕这一问题,进行了深入研究[1-4]。其中1篇是关于围手术急性疼痛的多模式镇痛中引入经皮神经电刺激辅助镇痛的研究[1]。当前围手术期的镇痛采用的多模式方法主要以药物镇     

Radiographic assessment of knee alignment after total knee arthroplasty

Standard anteroposterior standing radiographs (14 X 17-inch cassettes) and full-limb radiographs (51-inch) from a randomized group of 50 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty between January 1985 and June 1986 were analyzed. The mean tibiofemoral angle on short films was 5.8 degrees valgus, compared with 7.2 degrees valgus on full-limb films. This 1.4 degrees discrepancy had a standard deviation of 2.2 degrees, emphasizing the measurement variability in any individual case. The distance from the knee center to the mechanical axis related linearly to the tibiofemoral angle. Twenty-six percent (13 of 50) of knee arthroplasties failed to achieve satisfactory postoperative alignment of 4-10 degrees valgus in this study.     

全膝关节置换治疗创伤后膝僵硬畸形

目的探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)对创伤后膝僵硬畸形的治疗效果。方法对13例创伤后膝僵硬畸形患者采用TKA手术治疗,对比分析手术前后关节活动度范围以及膝关节HSS评分变化。结果 13例患者均获随访,时间3个月～3年6个月。HSS评分由术前的27～47(36±3.8)分提高到术后的80～92(86±3)分,关节活动范围由术前的5°～35°(20±3.5°)提高到术后的85°～100°(90°±5°),术前术后比较均有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论创伤后膝僵硬畸形采取TKA治疗可以明显改善关节活动范围,缓解症状,恢复功能,疗效满意。     

TC-Dynamic膝关节假体在膝关节置换中的应用

[目的]探讨TC-Dynamic膝关节假体在膝关节置换中的应用.[方法]自2005年10月～ 20l0年12 月,采用TC-Dynamic膝关节假体行TKA共40例(50膝)与Depuy P.F.C.Sigma膝关节假体行TKA 40例(45膝)进行临床对比研究.对比两组术前、术后KSS评分、功能评分、Feller评分、测量膝关节ROM、术后膝前疼痛及髌骨弹响.[结果]两组术后与术前的KSS评分、功能评分、Feller评分及膝关节ROM比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组术后KSS评分、功能评分、Feller评分、膝关节ROM及比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组手术用时TC-Dynamic膝关节假体较Depuy P.F.C.Sigma膝关节假体组平均少10 min.TC-Dynamic膝关节假体组膝前疼痛1例(1膝),髌骨弹响1例(1膝),Depuy P.F.C.Sigma膝关节假体组膝前疼痛2例(2膝),髌骨弹向3例(3膝).两组术后随访X线片观察膝关节假体位置、力线、固定性能等均显示良好,无松动、透亮线等异常表现.[结论]使用TC-Dynamic膝关节假体行TKA临床疗效满意,术后膝关节功能良好.