冰草种质在哈萨克斯坦共和国草地畜牧业中的地位及应用

本文对哈萨克斯坦共和国冰草种质资源的生物学特性及其在草地畜牧业中地位与应用进行了阐述。由此认为,冰草品质优良、营养丰富、适口性好、饲用价值颇高;抗逆性及适应性均强、栽培幅度宽、抗旱、耐寒、再生性强、耐践踏、是放牧和割草兼用性优良牧草,很适宜在新疆广大牧区的草原和荒漠地带示范推广种植。应重视对冰草品种的引进和区试。     

便携式局部液冷服系统

YL-1A 型液冷服系统是高温作业人员防暑降温的较好装备。它液冷由服(包括液冷帽和液冷背心)和致冷装置两部分组成,中间由隔热管和断接器连起来。液冷服由致冷片和隔热层构成,致冷装置给系统提供循环冷却水,该系统用水冰作冷源,镉镍电池作电源,系统总重7.0kg,换热率189.8W,装冰量1.9kg,工作时间1.5h,液冷服穿戴方便、舒适,经多次试验和使用,系统防暑降温效果显著,安全可靠。     

Current practice in management of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett''s oesophagus: The real problem

The management of high-grade dysplasia within Barrett's oesophagus is highly topical and indeed controversial. It is becoming clear that radical surgery may be excessive treatment for many patients. This is because the natural history is not understood with some indicating of rapid degeneration to cancer, others demonstrating a low rate of degeneration over many years. Early detection and optical diagnosis has allowed minimally invasive destruction using endoscopic mucosal resection, thermal ablation and photodynamic therapy. Long-term eradication is possible and is real alternative to surgical excision. The current practice is variable and there is a requirement for randomised evidence comparing endoscopic therapy with surgical excision. This is becoming more appropriate with the development of minimally invasive oesophagectomy.     

对烧伤创面脓性分泌物的再认识

脓既是热损伤的病理产物,又是机体自我防御和修复的必然结果,它反应了热损伤与机体反损伤之间矛盾运动的内在规律性。热损伤造成机作组织坏死,坏死组织因机体反损伤而腐化脱落和再生修复,脓就是机体反损伤的生化产物。脓因于热而成于湿,脓出则热退;毒因脓散,有脓不感染,脓出则会增,无脓不长肉。     

Balloon occlusion of the renal artery in operative urology (author's transl)

A double lumen Swan Ganz balloon catheter is introduced percutaneously into the renal artery. Temporary and repeated occlusion of the artery by inflation of the balloon are combined with hypothermic perfusion of the kidney. Thus extensive nephrolithotomies can be done without time limit as in warm ischemia. The operation field is blood-less and the parenchym is protected by perfusion. There is no need for pedicle dissection or external cooling. One complication is seen when the catheter is slipping out of the artery in cases of short renal arteries and the patient is in an extremely bent operation position for intercostal approach. Ballon occlusion without perfusion is helpful in tumor nephrectomy. Preoperative embolization is not necessary when this technique is used. Embolization means an additional procedure with further complications.     

Leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a rare tumor which is predominantly seen in women. The symptomatology is non specific and depends mostly of the segment of the vessel which is involved. Radiologic approach for correct preoperative diagnosis is based on ultrasonography, computed tomography and inferior vena cavography. The best treatment is en bloc resection of the mass associated with pre and post-operative chemotherapy. Although the tumor is slow-growing, the prognosis is poor and the average survival is less than two years, due to local recurrence and metastases.     

The scope of educational resources for radiologists on the internet

The quantity of radiological educational resources available via the internet is enormous and is constantly increasing. The quality is variable, and much time can be wasted trying to find what is required. Web-based learning is highly attractive as it is widely available, cheap, accessible at any time and frequently updated (in contrast to conventional study materials). We present an introduction to the scope and diversity of educational websites in radiology. Effective evaluation of web-based material is essential to maximize the benefit to the user: a suitable method of evaluating radiological educational websites is described.     

Tinnitus: imaging algorithms.

The causes of tinnitus can be grouped according to whether the noise is continuous or pulsatile, whether it is subjective or objective and whether there is a retrotympanic mass. Imaging algorithms can be based on these symptoms and signs. For patients with nonpulsatile tinnitus and a normal drum, magnetic resonance imaging is preferred if a retrocochlear lesion is suspected, whereas high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is recommended if a cochlear abnormality is likely. If a chronic inflammation in the middle ear is suspected, HRCT is the study of choice to differentiate cholesteatoma from chronic otitis media. If the bruit is objective and the tympanic membrane normal, selective cerebral angiography should be the initial investigation, because most such patients have an acquired vascular abnormality, usually a dural arteriovenous fistula. If there is pulsatile tinnitus and a retrotympanic mass, HRCT should be the first examination because this technique allows differentiation of a vascular variation, such as an aberrant carotid artery or jugular dehiscence, from a paraganglioma.     

Risk to police officers from biohazards encountered in police work

The risk of contracting infectious disease in the course of police work is reviewed. The specific focus is on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis and tuberculosis. A review of the relevant literature and an assessment of the biohazard risk specific to police work is provided. The risk of AIDS and hepatitis C is seen to be less than the risk of hepatitis B. For these blood borne diseases, universal precautions are recommended. The application of such precautions to policing is outlined. Immunisation against hepatitis B is recommended. Tuberculosis is seen as a possibly increasing risk. A programme of surveillance is recommended. A review of post-exposure management is provided.     

急性脑血管病与多脏器功能衰竭的相关问题

目的 :研究 12 9例急性脑血管病 (ACVD)并发多脏器功能衰竭 (MOF)死亡病例的临床特点及相关问题。方法 :将 90例MOF按不同年龄 ,不同诊断 ,存活时间 ,受累脏器等情况进行对比分析。结果 :6 0～ 70岁组发生率最高 ,>70岁组存活时间最短 ;<5 0岁发生率最低 ,存活时间最长。肺脏最先最多受累 ,胃最后最少受累。蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)年龄最小 ,例数也少 ;脑出血 (CH)例数最多 ,存活时间最短 ;脑梗塞 (CI)年龄最大 ,存活时间最长。平均受累脏器 3个以上。死于MOF高达 6 9 76 %。结论 :MOF是ACVD的主要死因 ,前期疾病是其发病基础 ,肺部是最先最多受累的脏器 ,年龄是存活期长短的主要因素     

Cerebral sparganosis presenting as grand mal epilepsy

A rare case of cerebral sparganosis is described. This is an uncommon condition particularly in Europe. It is most frequently seen in SE Asia but may be found anywhere in the world. The life cycle of the causative organism is described and contrasted with the principal differential diagnosis of parasitic inflammatory lesions of the brain, Taenia solium, the causative organism of cysticercosis. The treatment of cerebral sparganosis is surgical and diagnosis is most commonly made at the time of pathological examination. The importance of pre-surgical diagnosis is stressed as the treatment of the cysticercosis is pharmacological.     

An investigation of the slice geometry of the EMI head scanner

The slice geometry of the EMI head scanner is investigated. It is shown that the slice thickness is positionally dependent. The slice is thinner in the central part than on the periphery and also thinner on the tube side than on the detector side. It is also shown that there is a missing region between slices A and B.     

The anterior junction line: a radiographic sign of bilateral pneumothorax in neonates

The anterior junction line is a normal anatomic landmark on chest radiographs of healthy adults and older children caused by the visceral and parietal pleurae of the two lungs meeting anteriorly at the midline. It is not seen on chest radiographs of healthy infants. When this sign is identified on the supine frontal view of a neonate, it signifies bilateral pneumothorax. In this situation the line is formed by the meeting of the medial parietal pleurae on each side as they herniate anteriorly in front of the thymus and heart. The sign is best seen when the patient is rotated slightly to the left. It is not seen when there is unilateral pneumothorax or a concomitant pneumomediastinum. Although the anterior junction line is not a highly sensitive indicator of bilateral pneumothorax, it is highly specific and its recognition can promote faster diagnosis.     

Functional entrapment of the popliteal artery

A case of functional entrapment missed at the initial angiogram is presented. The imaging of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome and functional entrapment is discussed. The importance of appropriate imaging is emphasized. The classification of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is discussed and it is proposed that functional entrapment is added to the existing classification in the interest of consistent reporting.     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤内科治疗现状及进展

恶性胸膜间皮瘤是一种恶性程度较高的疾病,诊断与治疗较为困难,在我国发病率仍呈上升趋势。恶性胸膜间皮瘤的内科治疗主要以化疗为主,培美曲塞联合顺铂是目前一线治疗恶性胸膜间皮瘤的标准方案。近年来,靶向治疗成为肿瘤治疗的研究热点,关于恶性胸膜间皮瘤的靶向药物研究也正在进行,但目前尚缺乏有明确疗效的靶向药物。该文综述了恶性胸膜间皮瘤内科治疗现状及最新进展。