Investigating the effect of ciliary body photodynamic therapy in a glaucoma mouse model

PURPOSE: To investigate the morphologic and functional effects of verteporfin ciliary body photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a murine glaucoma model and normal mouse eyes. METHODS: A glaucomatous mouse strain, DBA/2J and a normal control mouse strain (C57BL/6) were used in the study. Verteporfin was injected intravenously at doses of 1.0 (DBA/2J) or 2.0 or 4.0 (C57BL/6) mg/kg. Transscleral irradiation of the ciliary body was performed with light at a wavelength of 689 nm delivered through an optical fiber, with irradiance of 1800 mW/cm2 and fluence of 100 J/cm2. Laser irradiation was applied for 360 degrees of the corneoscleral limbus in C57BL/6 normal mice and for 180 degrees in DBA/2J mice. Retreatment was performed in C57BL/6 normal mice that had been treated with 2.0 mg/kg of verteporfin at post-PDT day 7. One eye of each animal was treated, and the fellow eye served as the control. The morphologic effect of PDT on the ocular structures was assessed by light and electron microscopy. The IOP was measured using an applanation tonometer with a fiber-optic pressure sensor. Surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in DBA/2J mice eyes were retrogradely labeled with a neurotracer dye at 12 weeks after PDT. RESULTS: In all groups, almost all ciliary body blood vessels in the treated area were thrombosed 1 day after PDT. In DBA/2J mice, ciliary epithelium and stroma were severely damaged 1 day after PDT. The mean IOP in treated eyes was significantly reduced compared with that in the control eyes in all groups. The reduction of mean IOP in DBA/2J mouse eyes persisted for 7 weeks, although the mean IOP in normal mouse eyes treated with 2 or 4.0 mg/kg verteporfin returned to the level of the fellow control eyes by 7 and 17 days after treatment, respectively. The mean number of RGCs in the DBA/2J treated eyes was significantly higher than in control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Ciliary body PDT resulted in morphologic changes in the ciliary body, significant reduction of IOP, and prevention of ganglion cell loss in a mouse glaucoma model. These results suggest that ciliary body PDT is a more selective cyclodestructive technique with potential clinical application in the treatment of glaucoma.     

The Shearing Intraocular Lens: Where Does It Go and What Does It Do in the Eye?

Seven Shearing lenses were inserted in four dogs that were selected because their ciliary body sulcus diameter was approximately equal to that of humans. These animals were killed at intervals ranging from 4.5 to 11 months and the eyes submitted for histopathology. In all instances, gross examination revealed the lenses to be well tolerated; however in two eyes there was migration of the peripheral loop into the peripheral iris stroma and, in one case, ciliary body sulcus necrosis was seen. No vitreous hemorrhage was found in any of the eyes. One intraocular lens was removed before the animal was killed and the eye did not appear to be damaged. This study raises the possibility of ciliary body damage in those eyes in which the lens is slightly displaced so that one loop exerts pressure on the ciliary body. For this reason, we feel that posterior vitreous hemorrhages must be carefully looked for.     

机械敏感通道蛋白Piezo在眼球组织中的表达分布研究

目的 探索机械敏感通道蛋白Piezo1和Piezo2在眼球的表达分布。设计实验研究。研究对象12周龄的成年雄性C57BL/6N小鼠9只(9眼),成年雄性Piezo 1^td-Tomato小鼠3只(3眼),人眼球石蜡切片1张。方法 通过RNAscope荧光原位杂交实验检测Piezo1和Piezo2 mRNA在C57BL/6N小鼠眼球视神经冰冻切片上的表达;通过实时荧光聚合酶链反应定量实验(qPCR)检测Piezo1和Piezo2 mRNA在C57BL/6N小鼠眼球中的相对表达量;通过免疫印迹实验检测Piezo1和Piezo2蛋白在C57BL/6N小鼠眼球中的表达;通过免疫荧光染色实验检测Piezo1-tdTomato蛋白在Piezo 1^td-Tomato小鼠眼球视神经冰冻切片中的表达;通过免疫荧光染色实验检测人眼球石蜡切片中Piezo1蛋白的表达分布。主要指标相对荧光强度,循环阈值(Ct值)。结果 RNAscope荧光原位杂交实验显示Piezo1 mRNA在角膜、虹膜、睫状体、晶状体上皮、巩膜、视网膜、视盘胶质筛板区的神经组织中表达,Piezo2...     

Expression of a hyaluronic acid-binding proteoglycan (versican) in the cynomolgus monkey eye

The expression of versican, a hyaluronic acid (HA)-binding protein, during the development and differentiation of the retina has been reported. In this study, we performed histochemical and immunohistological analysis of HA and versican from the ciliary body to the retina in cynomolgus monkey eyes. Paraffin-embedded sections of cynomolgus monkey eyes, including from the ciliary body to the macular region, were prepared. The distribution of versican and HA was examined by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The sites of HA expression and versican expression in the eye specimens were similar. Expression of HA and versican was observed in the peripheral retina and ciliary body, but not from the macular region to the mid-periphery of the retina. Versican was strongly expressed in the ciliary body, particularly in the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium. Expression in the retina from the periphery to posterior pole gradually decreased. Versican is expressed from the ciliary body to the peripheral retina, but this expression decreases toward the posterior pole. This suggests a physiological function for versican in the peripheral retina.     

Immunolocalisation of opticin in the human eye

AIM: To localise the recently discovered glycoprotein opticin in the adult human eye. METHODS: Polyclonal rabbit antisera were raised against two different opticin peptides. Isolated human vitreous collagen fibrils were extracted with 8 M urea and the extract analysed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Paraffin embedded sections from two normal eyes were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Western blot analysis of the vitreous collagen fibril extract specifically identified opticin as a 45-50 kDa component that migrated as a doublet. Opticin was especially immunolocalised to the vitreous humour where labelling was most intense in the basal and cortical vitreous gel and less intense in the central vitreous. In addition, specific staining was observed along the surfaces of adjacent basement membranes including the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and posterior capsule of the lens. In one eye, labelling was also observed on the anterior lens capsule, but no other ocular tissues were specifically labelled. A type XVIII collagen/endostatin antibody labelled several ocular tissues including the ILM and basal vitreous gel. CONCLUSION: The immunolocalisation of opticin was confined to the vitreous humour, ILM, and lens capsule. In situ hybridisation studies have previously demonstrated opticin expression by the posterior non-pigmented ciliary epithelium. Thus, the immunolocalisation data support the proposition that the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium secretes opticin into the vitreous cavity where it associates with vitreous collagen and adjacent basement membranes. The staining along the ILM suggests a role for opticin in vitreoretinal adhesion and the co-localisation of opticin with type XVIII collagen/endostatin at the ILM raises the possibility that interactions between these two molecules might contribute to vitreoretinal adhesion.     

Age-dependent iris abnormalities in collagen XVIII/endostatin deficient mice with similarities to human pigment dispersion syndrome

PURPOSE: Collagen XVIII is expressed in ocular basement membranes (BMs) and inactivating mutations cause Knobloch syndrome, with several ocular abnormalities. In this study we investigated ocular structures in collagen XVIII/endostatin (Col18a1(-/-))-deficient mice to elucidate the role of this extracellular matrix component in the eye. METHODS: Eyes of Col18a1(-/-) and control mice were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy, laser scanning ophthalmoscopy, and fluorescence angiography. Immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal, epithelial, and immune cells in the eye was performed with antibodies against established cell markers. RESULTS: Col18a1(-/-) mice showed a disruption of the posterior iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cell layer with release of melanin granules. The BM of the posterior IPE was attached to the lens and the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body, which was flattened in mutant mice. In aged mutant mice a severe thickening of the stromal iris BM zone was found, and pigmented cells migrated out of the iris and covered the retina along the inner limiting membrane (ILM), sometimes penetrating into the retina. These cells resembled iris clump cells, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that they were macrophage-like cells. Furthermore, morphologically abnormal retinal vasculature was seen by fluorescence angiography. CONCLUSIONS: The abnormalities in the iris and ciliary body of Col18a1(-/-) mice demonstrate an important role of collagen XVIII for the function of ocular BMs. The absence of this collagen alters the properties of BMs and leads to severe defects in the iris, showing striking similarities to human pigment dispersion syndrome. In addition, loss of collagen XVIII creates changes that allow clump cells to migrate out of the iris. These cells have not been well characterized previously. In the current study we showed that they are macrophage-like cells and are able to penetrate the ILM in mutant mice. The disease mechanism of human pigment dispersion syndrome is not well understood, but Col18a1(-/-) mice may serve as a model and demonstrate the potential importance of alterations in extracellular matrix components in this disease.     

Light scattering in the C57BL/6 mouse lens

PURPOSE: To characterize inherent light scattering in the C57BL/6 mouse lens. METHODS: Lenses from 20 6-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were extracted from freshly enucleated globes and microsurgically cleaned of remnants of the ciliary body. Lens light scattering was measured quantitatively with a light dissemination meter (LDM). Morphological properties of the mouse lenses were documented using grid- and dark-field illumination photography. Analysis of variance was performed to establish variance for animals, variance between left and right eyes and variance for measurements. RESULTS: Average inherent light scattering in the C57BL/6 mouse lens is 0.16 +/- 0.02 tEDC (transformed equivalent diazepam concentration). The mean size of a mouse lens at 6 weeks is 1.9 mm in diameter. Two lenses featured pre-existing cortical lens opacities. Variance for animals was assessed to be 7.9 10(- 4) tEDC(2), variance for measurements was 1.6 10(- 4) tEDC(2), and variance between left and right eyes was 8.8 10(- 4) tEDC(2). The tolerance limit for non-pathological light scattering was determined to 0.26 tEDC. No significant difference in light scattering between left and right mouse lenses was found. The minimum number of C57BL/6 mice required for detection of a 10% experimentally induced change in light scattering intensity was estimated to be 50 for independent group experiments and 25 for paired design experiments. CONCLUSIONS: The C57BL/6 mouse is a suitable animal in which to conduct experiments on light scattering or cataractogenesis with high precision at reasonable sample sizes. Before including C57BL/6 mice into a study on cataractogenesis, pre-existing lens opacities such as congenital cataract must be excluded.     

The pathochemistry of the diabetic process in the eye based on data on experimental hyperglycemia (alloxan diabetes)

The paper describes results after a study of pathochemical disturbances of diabetic hyperglycemia on a model of alloxan diabetes. Sugar and amino nitrogen contents in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, anterior and posterior segments of the crystalline lens, the iris, ciliary body, choroid and the retina were studied and the data obtained were compared with quantitative contents of sugar and amino nitrogen in the eliminate from the eyes of experimental animals. High amounts of sugar and amino nitrogen, infrequently exceeding 2-3 times in controls, were found to appear in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, the crystalline lens, the vitreous body. In all tests the sugar and amino nitrogen contents in the posterior segment of the lens was 10-12% higher than in its anterior segment. The data obtained about accumulation of sugar and amino nitrogen mainly in tissues and media of the eye (the lens, the vitreous) affected by diabetic process already at its early stages widen the knowledge about pathogenesis of the process and peculiarities of its pathochemistry.     

Comparative studies in chronic ocular chalcosis

Seven eyes containing a copper foreign body for a period from 8 months to 2.5 years were studied histopathologically. Foreign bodies, containing 99% copper, were in all eyes, encapsulated and located in the anterior vitreous. Characteristic features were: formation of foreign body granuloma, especially in later stages, marked fibroblastic proliferation in the vitreous with traction retinal detachment, choroidal effusion with fibrosis and foci of chronic nongranulomatous inflammation in cyclitic membranes, iris, ciliary body and sclera. Copper could be identified by rubeanic acid and rhodanine stainings in the fibrous capsule around foreign body in all eyes, in the lens capsule in one eye and in macrophages in the vitreous and retina in 2 eyes. In eyes with intravitreal haemorrhage macrophages contained also haemosiderin.     

无晶状体性恶性青光眼的联合手术治疗

目的探讨无晶状体性恶性青光眼的手术治疗方法及其效果。方法对9例(9只眼)无晶状体性恶性青光眼患者采用玻璃体抽吸、前房注气联合改良式睫状体分离术进行治疗。结果 9例(9只眼)均可控制眼压,随访6个月～2年,眼压<20．55mmHg。术后7只眼视力均有所提高,2只眼无变化。结论无晶状体性恶性青光眼采用联合手术方法治疗效果较好。     

Localization of collagen XVIII and endostatin in the human eye

PURPOSE: To investigate the localization of endostatin, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, and its progenitor collagen XVIII in the human eye. METHODS: Twelve normal human eyes were investigated. Immunohistochemistry of the anterior and posterior eye segment was performed using a polyclonal endostatin and collagen XVIII antibody and a monoclonal collagen XVIII antibody. Specificity of the antibodies was confirmed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The antibody against collagen XVIII stained Bowman's membrane, the lens capsule, the trabecular meshwork, and all epithelial and endothelial basal membranes in the anterior and posterior eye segment. In contrast, the antibody against endostatin showed a more distinct staining pattern. Intense intracellular staining for endostatin was present in the lens epithelium and in the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body. Extracellular presence of endostatin could be detected in the lens capsule and all border membranes lining the aqueous humor including the anterior surface of the iris. The choroid was unstained. In the retina, staining was restricted to the inner limiting membrane and to endothelial cells of larger vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that there is a ring of specifically endostatin expressing structures forming a "barrier" around the anterior chamber and the vitreous. This might physiologically prevent vessels from sprouting into these avascular compartments.     

C57BL/6小鼠形觉剥夺性近视动物模型的建立

目的 探讨C57BL/6小鼠形觉剥夺性近视与眼球生物学参数的变化,揭示小鼠实验性近视形成的敏感期,以及形觉剥夺对小鼠屈光发育的影响.方法 实验研究.23日龄C57BL/6小鼠74只,随机分为3组,单眼形觉剥夺组:剥夺2周(n=12)、3周(n=20)和4周(n=18),对侧眼作为自身对照;形觉剥夺恢复组(n=10):单眼形觉剥夺4周,分别恢复4 d和7 d;正常对照组(n=14).实验前后分别用红外偏心摄影验光仪测量小鼠眼球的屈光状态,修正过的人眼角膜曲率计测量角膜曲率半径,相干光断层扫描仪测量眼球生物学参数,包括眼前节、晶状体厚度、玻璃体腔深度和眼轴长度等.对组内实验眼和对侧眼的屈光力、角膜曲率半径、眼球参数的比较采用配对t检验,不同组间比较采用独立样本t检验进行统计学分析.结果 形觉剥夺2周,实验眼相比对侧眼向近视方向漂移(-0.85±1.65)D,眼球各生物学参数未见明显改变;形觉剥夺3周,实验眼相比对照眼向近视方向漂移(-4.27±1.60)D(t=-1.72,P=0.095);形觉剥夺4周组,实验眼相比对侧眼向近视方向漂移(-5.27±1.28)D(t=-2.64,P<0.05)并伴玻璃体腔深度延长(27±13)μm和眼轴长度增加(28±12)μm;上除眼罩7 d,实验性近视完全恢复.结论 小鼠单眼形觉剥夺4周可诱导出相对近视,但诱导时间较其他近视动物模型长;去除眼罩7 d,实验性近视完全恢复;利用相干光断层扫描仪测最小鼠眼球生物学参数可以较好反映屈光度的改变.     

Microphthalmia and lack of vitreous body in transgenic mice expressing the first immunoglobulin-like domain of nectin-1

Background Nectins are Ca²⁺-independent immunoglobulin (Ig)-like cell-cell-adhesion molecules. We have generated transgenic mice expressing a series of soluble forms of nectin-1, and investigated special effects of each soluble form of nectin-1 in vivo. In the course of generating transgenic mice expressing a soluble form of nectin-1 consisting of the first Ig-like domain of nectin-1 and the Fc portion of human IgG1 (PHveC-VhIg), we found that all of the transgenic founder mice showed a microphthalmia. The purpose of this study is to examine functions of the extracellular domains of nectin-1 in eye development using transgenic technology. Methods Eyes of four different transgenic mouse lines expressing each soluble form of nectin-1 were analyzed histologically. Tissue sections were processed with hematoxylin-eosin staining and indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Results All of five transgenic mouse founders expressing PHveC-VhIg, and of three lines expressing PHveC-VpIg made of the first Ig-like domain fused to porcine Fc portions at 5 weeks showed a microphthalmia, but not all of the transgenic mouse lines expressing PHveCIg or PHveCpIg made of the entire ectodomain fused to human or porcine Fc portions. In the abnormal eyes, the vitreous body was almost absent. In PHveC-VhIg-expressing mice at postnatal day 6, each vitreous space was very small. In the neonatal transgenic mice, the vitreous body was almost the same as that of control mice, and PHveC-VhIg was expressed in the optic nerve, conjunctival epithelium, ciliary body, corneal and lens epithelium. At this stage, nectin-1, -3 and -4 were stained in the optic nerve of control mice as well as in that of the transgenic mice. Nectin-1 is faintly stained in the epithelium of the cornea and lens epithelium, but not in the ciliary body. Conclusion Soluble forms of the first Ig-like domain of nectin-1 (PHveC-VhIg and PHveC-VpIg), but not those of the entire ectodomain (PHveCIg and PHveCpIg), lead to microphthalmia and lack of vitreous body in the transgenic mice. Transgenic mice generating group: Keiko Amagai, Minako Kuramochi, Yuki Watanabe and Shigeto Kouda (Sankyo Labo Service Corporation, Tokyo 132-0023, Japan).     

Pathogenesis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in mice lacking the arf tumor suppressor gene

PURPOSE: Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is an idiopathic developmental eye disease associated with failed involution of the hyaloid vasculature. The present work addressed the pathogenesis of PHPV in a mouse model that replicates many aspects of the human disease. METHODS: Ophthalmoscopic and histologic analyses documented pathologic processes in eyes of mice lacking the Arf gene compared with Ink4a-deficient and wild-type control animals. Immunohistochemical staining, in situ hybridization, and RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of relevant gene products. Arf gene expression was determined by in situ hybridization using wholemounts of wild-type mouse eyes and by immunofluorescence staining for green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Arf(+/GFP) heterozygous knock-in mouse eyes. RESULTS: Abnormalities in Arf(-/-) mice mimicked those found in patients with severe PHPV. The mice had microphthalmia; fibrovascular, retrolental tissue containing retinal pigment epithelial cells and remnants of the hyaloid vascular system; posterior lens capsule destruction with lens degeneration and opacity; and severe retinal dysplasia and detachment. Eyes of mice lacking the overlapping Ink4a gene were normal. Arf was selectively expressed in perivascular cells within the vitreous of the postnatal eye. Cells composing the retrolental mass in Arf(-/-) mice expressed the Arf promoter. The remnant hyaloid vessels expressed Flk-1. Its ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), was expressed in the retrolental tissue and the adjacent dysplastic neuroretina. CONCLUSIONS: Arf(-/-) mice have features that accurately mimic severe PHPV. In the HVS, Arf expression in perivascular cells may block their accumulation or repress Vegf expression to promote HVS involution and prevent PHPV.     

Structure, chromosomal location, and tissue-specific expression of the mouse opticin gene

PURPOSE: To determine the structure, location, and tissue-specific expression of the mouse opticin gene (Optc) and to compare expression in the eye with that of Prelp, collagen II, and collagen IX. METHODS: Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to mouse opticin were identified and the full-length sequence obtained after PCR reactions using a 15-day-postconception (dpc) whole-mouse embryo cDNA library. The mouse chromosomal localization of Optc was determined by radiation hybrid mapping and its genomic structure determined using an Optc-containing BAC clone. Tissue-specific expression of opticin, PRELP, collagen II, and collagen IX mRNAs was investigated by in situ hybridization and by dot blot hybridization for opticin. RESULTS: The Optc gene was localized to mouse chromosome 1 at 74.3 cM and consisted of seven exons spanning 10 kb. The Optc gene was less than 4 kb from the Prelp gene. In situ hybridization localized opticin mRNA exclusively to the presumptive ciliary body during development and to the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium of the adult mouse eye. Expression of Prelp was also detected in the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium of the adult eye. However, expression of collagen types II and IX was detected largely in the developing mouse eye, with type IX expression confined primarily to the presumptive ciliary body. CONCLUSIONS: The Optc, Prelp, and fibromodulin (Fmod) genes form a cluster on mouse chromosome 1. Opticin may represent a marker for ciliary body differentiation. Continued expression of opticin in the adult mouse eye suggests functions other than that of putative regulator of vitreous collagen fibrillogenesis.     

Histopathological examination of two cases of anterior staphyloma associated with Peters' anomaly and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

AIMS: To clarify the developmental mechanism and critical period for the uncommon complex of Peters' anomaly and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). METHODS: Two eyes with Peters' anomaly and PHPV were histologically examined by serial section. One eye was enucleated at age 7 months (case 1) and the other at age 4 months (case 2) owing to severe anterior staphyloma. RESULTS: In both eyes, defects in the endothelium, Descemet's membrane, and posterior stroma were observed in the central cornea, and the degenerative lens adhered to the posterior surface of the defective corneal stroma. Also, in both eyes, the anterior chamber space was not formed and the undifferentiated iris stroma adhered to the posterior surface of the peripheral cornea. Mesenchymal tissue containing melanocytes was observed behind the degenerative lens, and the pigment epithelium was absent at the lower nasal side of the ciliary body in case 1. In case 2, mesenchymal tissue containing scattered melanocytes in the vitreous cavity was seen on the posterior retina. Based on the histological findings, both cases were diagnosed as Peters' anomaly caused by the faulty separation of the lens vesicle, PHPV, maldevelopment of the iris and ciliary body, and goniodysgenesis. CONCLUSION: Migratory disorders of neural crest cells from 4 to 7 weeks of gestation may be responsible for various ocular anomalies including Peters' anomaly and PHPV, as observed in these cases.     

Endolaser treatment of the ciliary body for uncontrolled glaucoma

We used vitrectomy and transvitreal endophotocoagulation of the ciliary processes to treat 18 eyes with severe glaucoma that could not be managed successfully by medical therapy and conventional glaucoma surgery. Lensectomy was performed in the two phakic eyes in the series because of cataractous lens changes. A pars plana vitrectomy was done in each eye and a fiberoptic probe used to apply transvitreal blue-green argon laser photocoagulation directly to the ciliary processes. Treatment of more than 180 degrees was necessary for sufficient lowering of the intraocular pressure. Postoperative intraocular pressure was equal to or less than 20 mmHg in 14 of 18 eyes, although nine of the 14 successful cases required postoperative medical therapy. Complications included transient vitreous hemorrhage (2 eyes), transient choroidal detachment (2 eyes), and hypotony (1 eye).     

折叠式人工玻璃体球囊植入术与外伤眼睫状体功能关系的初步分析

目的：探讨折叠式人工玻璃体球囊(FCVB)植入术治疗重度眼外伤患者的有效性和安全性,初步分析睫状体功能对FCVB植入手术的影响。

方法：回顾性分析。纳入2018-01/2020-07在南方医科大学附属小榄人民医院接受FCVB植入手术的重度眼外伤患者10例10眼。根据患者术前检查结果进行睫状体功能评分,评分≤5分者判定睫状体功能衰竭：其中评分>5分者8眼,评分≤5分者2眼。术后随访1～31mo,检查患者BCVA、眼压,观察前房、视网膜复位情况、球囊位置及术后不良反应。

结果：纳入9眼无晶状体眼患者FCVB植入过程顺利,术中无并发症; 1眼有晶状体眼患者在FCVB植入过程中出现上方部分虹膜根部离断。至末次随访,所有患者FCVB位置良好,视网膜复位率100%。无严重不良事件发生。术前和末次随访的BCVA和眼压比较均无差异(P>0.05)。术前睫状体评分>5分组(8眼)中,有2眼各补充手术1次,1眼补充手术2次。睫状体功能评分≤5分组(2眼),1眼补充手术1次,1眼补充手术5次。

结论：FCVB可用于治疗重度眼外伤患者,但不能有效提高患者视力。患者术前的睫状体功能状态可能与FCVB植入术后持续性低眼压、浅前房相关。     

Quantitative molecular characterization of bovine vitreous and lens with non-invasive dynamic light scattering

The non-invasive technique of dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to quantitatively characterize vitreous and lens structure on a molecular level by measuring the sizes of the predominant particles and mapping the three-dimensional topographic distribution of these structural macromolecules in three spatial dimensions. The results of DLS measurements in five fresh adult bovine eyes were compared to DLS measurements in model solutions of hyaluronan (HA) and collagen (Coll). In the bovine eyes DLS measurements were obtained from excised samples of gel and liquid vitreous and compared to the model solutions. Measurements in whole vitreous were obtained at multiple points posterior to the lens to generate a three-dimensional 'map' of molecular structure. The macromolecule distribution in bovine lens was similarly characterized.In each bovine vitreous (Bo Vit) specimen, DLS predominantly detected two distinct particles, which differed in diffusion properties and hence size. Comparisons with model vitreous solutions demonstrated that these most likely corresponded to the Coll and HA components of vitreous. Three-dimensional mapping of Bo Vit found heterogeneity throughout the vitreous body, with different particle size distributions for Coll and HA at different loci. In contrast, the three-dimensional distribution of lens macromolecules was more homogeneous. Thus, the non-invasive DLS technique can quantitate the average sizes of vitreous and lens macromolecules and map their three-dimensional distribution. This method to assess quantitatively the macromolecular structure of vitreous and lens should be useful for clinical as well as experimental applications in health and disease.