胆管癌合并肌少症患者术后营养及运动干预

目的 探讨营养及运动干预对胆管癌合并肌少症患者术后机体功能的影响。方法 将2018年收治的32例合并肌少症的胆管癌患者作为对照组,实施肝胆外科常规护理;2019年收治的32例同类患者作为干预组,给予每日补充优质蛋白联合运动干预。比较两组患者术后并发症发生率和住院时间,出院患者的握力、步速、骨骼肌量指数和ADL评分。结果 干预后,干预组术后腹腔感染发生率、住院时间、握力、步速、骨骼肌量指数和ADL评分显著优于对照组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 营养及运动干预可改善胆管癌合并肌少症患者术后机体功能和日常生活能力,提高患者的生存质量。     

有氧联合抗阻运动对老年维持性血液透析肥胖型肌少症患者的影响

目的 探讨有氧联合抗阻运动对老年维持性血液透析肥胖型肌少症患者的影响,为制订有效的运动干预措施提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取行维持性血液透析的肥胖型肌少症患者随机分配为干预组(n=30)和对照组(n=30)。对照组给予常规护理,干预组在对照组基础上,给予上肢弹力球、下肢弹力带加空中踩脚踏车的有氧联合抗阻运动。干预12周,对两组重要肌肉、肥胖、实验室指标及生活质量得分进行比较。结果 干预组29例、对照组30例完成研究。6周后干预组内脏脂肪面积显著低于对照组;12周后干预组握力、血清白蛋白及生活质量得分显著高于对照组,体脂率、内脏脂肪面积显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 有氧联合抗阻运动可有效改善老年维持性血液透析肥胖型肌少症患者的肌肉力量及营养状况,提高生活质量。     

精细化管理ORTCC模型在维持性血液透析肌少症患者管理中的应用

目的 探讨精细化管理ORTCC模型在维持性血液透析肌少症患者管理中的应用效果。方法 将2022年2～6月行维持性血液透析治疗的62例肌少症患者按病区分为对照组与干预组,各31例。对照组采用常规护理,干预组在此基础上采用精细化管理ORTCC模型(围绕目标、规则、训练、考核和文化5个要素)实施管理,干预6个月后评价效果。结果 干预组患者骨骼肌质量指数、上臂肌肉围度、简易躯体功能量表评分,握力、步速、知识掌握率显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 精细化管理ORTCC模型的应用可改善肌少症相关指标,提高机体功能,提升患者知识掌握度,利于对患者的精准管理。     

抗阻运动对特发性炎性肌病患者肌肉适能和生活质量的影响

目的探讨中低强度抗组运动对稳定期炎性肌病患者肌肉适能和生活质量的影响。方法将90例患者随机分为干预组和对照组各45例。对照组给予专科药物治疗及常规炎性肌病护理,鼓励患者进行机体可接受的运动等。干预组在常规治疗护理的基础上接受中低强度的抗阻运动训练,每周2次,共12周。结果干预12周后干预组四肢周径、生活质量及躯体功能得分显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论稳定期炎性肌病患者行中低强度抗组运动锻炼安全、有效,可改善患者的肌肉适能和生活质量。     

透析中递增式抗阻运动对维持性血液透析患者营养状况及体脂成分的影响

本研究探讨透析中递增式抗阻运动训练对维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者营养状态、体脂成分的影响。入选中国康复研究中心北京博爱医院MHD患者共62例,按计算机产生随机数字的方法分为运动组和对照组,运动组在透析治疗的同时需要完成每周3次、为期24周的递增式抗阻运动训练,以Borg...     

髋部骨折患者的肌少症相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨肌少症在髋部骨折患者中的发生率及相关风险因素。方法:自2013年5月至2017年1月收治髋部骨折患者187例,男99例,女88例;年龄50～95(77.40±10.58)岁。观察分析患者的一般情况、四肢骨骼肌质量指数(ASMI)、脂肪总量、骨矿含量(BMC)、身体质量指数(BMI),握力、术前血维生素D、血白蛋白、美国麻醉医师协会分级评分(ASA)及NMS运动评分。根据握力和ASMI,将患者并分为肌少症组与非肌少症组,采用单因素及多因素分析统计分析。结果:符合肌少症诊断的患者99例(52.9%),与非肌少症组相比,肌少症的发生与高龄、高ASA、低脂肪总量、低骨矿含量、低BMI,低白蛋白、低NMS评分相关,随后进行的二元Logistic回归分析提示高龄(OR=1.804,P=0.048),高ASA评分(OR=3.052,P=0.001),低脂肪总量(OR=0.843,P=0.006),低骨矿含量(OR=0.203,P=0.026)是髋部骨折患者肌少症发生的相关因素。结论:高龄、高ASA评分、低脂肪总量、低骨矿含量可能是髋部骨折患者肌少症的相关危险因素     

维持性血液透析患者营养不良-炎症综合征与肌少症的相关性

目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者营养不良-炎症综合征与肌少症之间的关系.方法 选择2014年10月至2015年12月在云南省肾脏病医院及昆明医科大学第一附属医院接受维持性血液透析患者55例,所有入组患者均用MIS评分法进行营养不良-炎症综合征的评估,应用生物电阻抗法进行肌肉质量测量,采用电子握力计测量肌力,空腹检测血生化指标.结果 本研究中肌少症患者26例(47.3％),其中肌少症前期患者10例(18.2％),肌少症期16例(29％),无肌少症29例(52.7％);肌少症前期、肌少症期、无肌少症三组患者年龄、性别差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).按MIS得分将患者分为轻度(0～4分)、中度(5～8分)、重度(＞8分)三组.MIS评分与骨骼肌质量、骨骼肌质量指数、握力呈负相关(P＜0.05).不同MIS组间骨骼肌质量、骨骼肌质量指数、握力平均值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 本组患者肌少症与患者年龄、性别相关.随着营养不良炎症得分增加,骨骼肌质量、骨骼肌质量指数及握力平均值呈下降趋势.改善维持性血液透析患者营养不良炎症状态可能会降低肌少症的发生.     

【特刊综述】雄激素对骨骼肌的作用：对乏力的发展和治疗的意义

雄激素对骨骼肌合成有明显影响,随着年龄增大,雄激素的下降常伴随肌量和肌力的下降。这种肌量和肌功能的下降,被称为少肌症或肌体老化,是老年人体质弱化（男性化减退）进展的关键事项。也是导致快速机能衰退及其不良后果的关键。雄激素水平下降对老年男性体质弱化（男性化减退）的潜在影响和对躯体功能的促进治疗作用无疑已经引起了相当的关注。本综述概述了近期关于肌肉老化、少肌症、老年体质弱化的概念、定义,并评估了关于雄激素和老年体质弱化的研究进展。近期源于观测性和介入性研究的证据强烈支持雄激素对老年男性肌量的作用,但雄激素对肌力和特有的躯体功能的效用并不明确。研究显示,雄激素治疗在老年男性中通常有良好的耐受性,而近期的研究则关注于雄激素的高剂量治疗和对于心血管风险较高人群的治疗。雄激素受体调节剂（SARMs）的初期试验研究显示传统雄激素治疗对于老年患者在肌量和肌功能方面有相同的效用。将来的重要研究方向包括利用这类雄激素治疗并结合适用于不同老年患者群体促进躯体功能的运动训练,同时将更多地关注近期关于激素水平、身体成分及躯体功能间关系的观测性（回顾性）研究。     

个体化抗阻训练联合有氧运动对孕期下腰痛的疗效及安全性分析

目的研究个体化抗阻训练联合有氧运动对孕期下腰痛的疗效及安全性。方法纳入2015年2月～2017年2月就诊的76例下腰痛孕妇,随机均分为观察组与对照组,对照组孕妇采用常规治疗,观察组采用个体化抗阻训练联合有氧运动,均连续治疗4周。比较治疗前后两组患者疼痛VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍(ODI)评分及焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁(SDS)量表评分,并记录不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗后VAS评分、ODI评分、SAS评分和SDS评分显著降低,且观察组显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组骨盆区疼痛、头晕、血压升高等不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论个体化抗阻训练联合有氧运动能显著改善下腰痛孕妇疼痛症状,改善腰部功能,缓解其焦虑、抑郁心情,且治疗安全有效。     

克罗恩病伴肌肉衰减症患者围手术期抗阻运动干预

目的探讨抗阻运动对克罗恩病伴肌肉衰减症患者术后康复的影响。方法克罗恩病伴肌肉衰减症行部分肠管切除吻合术患者71例,随机分为干预组35例和对照组36例。对照组实施常规围手术期护理,干预组在此基础上增加抗阻运动干预。观察患者握力、骨骼肌量、体脂率、术后胃肠道功能恢复情况及下床步行活动情况。结果干预后,干预组术前1 d及出院时握力与基线的差值、出院时骨骼肌量及体脂率与基线的差值比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。干预组术后1~3 d每日下床步行距离显著长于对照组(P<0.01)。两组术后排气排便时间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论围手术期抗阻运动能有效提升克罗恩病伴肌肉衰减症患者术后握力,降低肌肉衰减程度,促进患者术后康复。     

图像思维训练对社区轻度认知功能障碍老年人的作用

目的探讨图像思维训练在社区轻度认知功能障碍老年人中的应用效果。方法采取方便抽样法选取上海市3个社区60~80岁的老年人进行轻度认知功能障碍的筛查,对符合轻度认知功能障碍诊断标准且同意参与研究的123名老年人实施图像思维训练,即磁贴剪纸、涂色找茬、解环游戏。干预前及干预24周后采用简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)进行效果评价。结果干预后MMSE总分、定向力、注意力和计算力及复述能力等得分较干预前有显著提高(均P0.01);干预后ADL总分及修饰、穿衣及上下楼梯3个维度得分显著高于干预前(均P0.01)。结论图像思维训练能够改善轻度认知功能障碍老年人的注意力、计算力等认知功能,对患者定向力具有显著疗效,并能提高患者日常生活生活能力。     

Effects of intradialytic resistance exercise on systemic inflammation in maintenance hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose

To investigate the effect of intradialytic resistance exercise on inflammation markers and sarcopenia indices in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with sarcopenia.

Methods

Forty-one MHD patients with sarcopenia were divided into an intervention group (group E, n?=?21) and a control group (group C, n?=?20). Group C patients only received routine hemodialysis care, whereas group E patients received progressive intradialytic resistance exercise with high or moderate intensity for 12 weeks at three times per week (using the weight of the lower limbs and elastic ball movement of the upper limb) on the basis of routine hemodialysis care.

Results

After 12 weeks, a significant difference in physical activity status (maximum grip strength, daily pace, and physical activity level), Kt/V, and C-reactive protein was found between groups E and C. Inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α) increased or decreased more significantly in group E than in group C.

Conclusions

This study showed that intradialytic resistance exercise can improve physical activity effectively and reduce microinflammatory reactions even if this simple exercise does not affect the muscle mass in MHD patients with sarcopenia.

     

Physical activity, muscle performance and quality of life in patients treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis

OBJECTIVE: Today's medical treatment of patients with end-stage renal failure has increased their opportunities for an active lifestyle. The aim of this study was to describe the muscle performance, level of physical activity, independence in activities of daily living and quality of life in patients treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study investigated 33 patients (30-81 years old) treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis. The results were compared with an age-matched healthy reference group. Muscle mass was determined by measuring total body potassium, while maximal grip strength was measured with an electric force transducer. The ability to perform heel-lifts, walking speed and level of physical activity were also assessed, along with the extent to which patients were independent in activities of daily living (ADL) and satisfied with their health. RESULTS: Total body potassium was 97 +/- 11.6% of normal and correlated positively with the maximal grip strength (r = 0.658, p < 0.0002) and the maximal walking speed (r = 0.558, p < 0.0027). Maximal grip strength was 70% of the reference, the ability to perform heel-lifts was 49% of the reference, the walking speed was 85% the reference and the level of physical activity was 56% of expected. The patients were independent in ADL to a great extent and 52% of the patients were satisfied with their health. CONCLUSION: The peritoneal dialysis patients had a relatively good quality of life and were largely independent in ADL Further studies are needed to investigate whether it is possible to improve muscle performance and the level of physical activity with exercise and muscle training in these patients.     

早期规范化康复训练对老年全髋关节置换术患者日常生活活动的影响

目的探讨早期规范化康复训练对老年全髋关节置换（THA）患者术后H常生活活动（ADL）的影响。方法本组60例65～80岁行THA的老年患者随机均分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组按骨科常规护理,观察组实施早期规范化康复训练。在术前及术后第3周对两组患者采用Harris髋关节功能评分评价髋关节功能,并采用Barthel指数评定ADL。结果观察组术后第3周Harris评分比术前提高了（49．13±11．91）分（P〈0．05）;观察组术后第3周Barthel指数评分比术前提高了（37．16±11．19）分（P〈0．01）。结论早期规范化康复训练能有效提THA患者术后短期的ADL,提高出院后的功能锻炼效果。     

八段锦对老年高血压伴衰弱患者的影响

目的 探讨八段锦用于老年高血压伴衰弱患者的效果.方法 将67例老年高血压衰弱门诊患者随机分为干预组33例和对照组34例.对照组行常规治疗与健康教育,干预组在此基础上行八段锦干预,持续12周.比较两组干预前后衰弱评分和SF-12评分、步速值、握力值和血压值.结果 干预12周后,干预组衰弱评分、收缩压、舒张压显著低于对照组(均P＜0.05),两组收缩压和舒张压随时间延长而降低;SF-12评分、握力值、步速值显著高于对照组(均P＜0.05),两组握力值和步速值随时间延长而增加.结论 八段锦干预可改善老年高血压伴衰弱患者衰弱,降低血压,提高生活质量,效果优于常规方法.     

Effect of Resistance Training Combined with Beta‐Hydroxy‐Beta‐Methylbutyric Acid Supplements in Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia after Hip Replacement

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of resistance training (RT) combined with beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyric acid (HMB) in the treatment of elderly patients with sarcopenia after hip replacement.MethodsFrom January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, 200 elderly patients (68 men, mean age 76.3 years and 137 women, mean age 79.1 years) who experienced femoral neck fracture with sarcopenia after hip arthroplasty were assigned to four groups: RT + HMB group, RT group, HMB group, and negative control group. Baseline data, body composition, grip strength, Barthel index (BI), Harris hip score (HHS), and visual analog scale score (VAS) were compared among the four groups before and 3 months after surgery.ResultsA total of 177 participants completed the trial, including 43 in the HMB + RT group, 44 in the HMB group, 45 in the RT group, and 45 in the negative control group. At the 3‐month follow‐up, the body composition and grip strength of the HMB + RT group and RT group were significantly improved compared with those before operation. The HMB group had no significant change, while the measures in the negative control group significantly decreased. Postoperative BI and HSS did not reach pre‐injury levels in any of the four groups, but postoperative VAS score was significantly improved. However, there was no significant difference in BI, HSS, or VAS among the four groups.ConclusionRT, with or without HMB supplementation, can effectively improve body composition and grip strength in elderly patients with sarcopenia after hip replacement at short‐term follow‐up. Simultaneously, use of exclusive HMB supplementation alone may also help to prevent decreases in muscle mass and grip strength in these patients.     

奥塔戈运动项目对老年脑卒中患者跌倒的影响

目的探讨奥塔戈运动项目对老年脑卒中患者跌倒的预防作用。方法将上海市某三级甲等综合性医院出院的56例老年脑卒中患者随机分为干预组（28例）和对照组（28例）。出院后两组均由研究者定期电话随访,对照组保持原有的日常生活活动,干预组接受16周的奥塔戈运动。结果干预16周后,干预组行奥塔戈运动依从率为76．92％;两组跌倒发生次数和移动能力比较,差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）;干预组平衡力得分高于干预前水平和对照组同期水平（均P〈0．05）。结论奥塔戈运动项目可以提高老年脑卒中患者的平衡力水平,对改善患者躯体功能有一定效果;该运动项目对是否可以预防老年脑卒中患者跌倒还有待于进一步研究。     

绝经后女性肌少症

肌少症为老龄化进展过程中以骨骼肌质量及力量下降为特征的临床综合征,并伴有残疾、生活质量降低甚至死亡,在老年人群中广泛存在,严重影响老年人的生活质量,是当今社会重要的公共健康问题。目前国际上关于肌少症的诊断及筛查方法尚未统一,多个组织先后制定了肌少症共识,提出肌少症的诊断切点,临床实践中使用握力、步速等方法来评估老年人肌肉情况。绝经是一种与年龄相关的生理状况,与自然衰退的雌激素水平相关,易导致肌肉质量和力量的降低,增加肌少症患病率。绝经后女性肌肉组织的质量、功能以及肌肉组织的成分发生变化与雌激素水平降低有关,还受营养、运动、环境、遗传等其他多种复杂因素影响,目前尚没有明确关于肌少症的治疗药物,但现有证据认为阻抗运动、膳食营养、性激素替代治疗等对于改善老年绝经后女性肌肉的质量及力量具有重要作用。目前绝经与肌少症的关系还处于探索阶段,仍有许多值得进一步研究的问题,本文就肌少症的诊断及绝经后激素变化和增龄与肌少症的关系等进行综述。     

Activity performance and upper extremity function in cervical spinal cord injury patients according to the Klein-Bell ADL Scale

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES: (1) To examine whether the Klein-Bell ADL Scale (K-B Scale) discriminates cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in daily activities and to explore its applicability in this group of patients. (2) To examine the association between basic ADL and upper extremity function. (3) To investigate if grip ability can be discerned in the scale. SETTING: Spinal Cord Injury Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, G?teborg, Sweden. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with cervical SCI with no prior reconstructive hand surgery were included in the study. Analyses of the patient's independence were made according to the K-B Scale. Three additional analyses were carried out, the first examined whether the use of assistive devices and house and car adaptations influenced independence. The last two used different approaches to investigate whether arm and grip function could be detected in the K-B scale. RESULTS: Raw score in the K-B Scale can discriminate for independence in daily activities but the scale's weight scheme does not function for cervical SCI patients. Assistive devices and car and house adaptations can compensate for dependence in daily activities. Lack of grip function decreases the patient's ability to become independent. Diagnosis-related activities cannot be assessed in all items. CONCLUSION: The K-B Scale's raw score was useful assessing daily activities in cervical SCI patients. Its reliability in conjunction with arm and grip function in patients with cervical SCI has yet to be proven.