晚期恶性肿瘤患者亲属心理健康状况的质性研究

目的了解晚期恶性肿瘤患者亲属在照护患者期间的心理健康状况,为制订心理干预提供依据。方法对13名晚期恶性肿瘤患者亲属进行半结构式访谈,采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法分析资料。结果提炼出3个主题：不确定感,负性身心体验和观念的调整。结论晚期恶性肿瘤患者亲属心理健康状况不容乐观。应采取针对性的干预措施来减轻患者亲属的身心压力,从而改善其心理健康状况。     

父母接受孤独症儿童诊断经历质性研究的系统评价

目的 系统评价父母接受孤独症儿童诊断的体验与感受,为建立完善的父母支持系统提供指导。方法 系统检索PubMed、CINAHL、PsycINFO、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EMBASE、中国知网、维普期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库以及万方数据知识服务平台数据库,检索时限为建库至2020年8月,搜集关于父母接受孤独症儿童诊断经历的质性研究,并进行质量评价,结果整合。结果 共纳入11项研究,提炼41个研究结果,归纳总结后形成12个类别,3个整合结果：情感体验、信息需求以及获得支持。结论 政府及医疗保健人员应重视不同阶段父母对孤独症儿童诊断过程的感受与需求,给予医疗及政策支持,改善父母处境。     

精神病患儿母亲心理历程的质性研究

目的：了解精神病患儿的母亲在陪伴子女诊断、治疗、康复过程中的真实心理感受，为临床护理人员对患儿母亲进行心理支持提供借鉴。方法：通过访谈形式，访问了16位精神病患儿的母亲，将获得的资料进行分析、整理。结果：所有患儿的母亲在子女患精神病过程中承受着巨大的心理压力和经济压力，表现为初诊时的震惊、困惑、拒绝，逐渐转变成无奈接受及对未来的悲观心理。支持系统主要来自母爱天性，丈夫和家人以及其他精神病患儿家长。结论：精神病患儿母亲需要深切的人文关怀和情感支持，临床护理人员应采取个性化的措施，帮助、指导患儿及其母亲提高生活质量，度过这一艰辛历程。     

眼外伤致眼球摘除患儿母亲心理状况的质性研究

目的:调查眼外伤致眼球摘除患儿母亲在看护患儿期间的心理状况和需求,分析影响其身心健康的相关因素。方法:采用现象学研究法,深入访谈10名患儿母亲,并用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析资料。结果:通过整理、分析和提炼主题,得出因病情而后悔和自责、心理负担过重、面临多种问题等主题。结论:在积极治疗和护理眼外伤致眼球摘除患儿的同时,护理人员应深入了解患儿母亲的真实心理体验,并提供医疗、心理支持,促进患儿及家属的身心健康。     

维吾尔族脑性瘫痪母亲照顾体验的质性研究

[目的]探讨维吾尔族脑性瘫痪患儿母亲的照顾体验。[方法]采用半结构式访谈,访谈维吾尔族脑瘫患儿母亲12名,采用Colaizzi现象学研究法分析资料。[结果]维吾尔族脑瘫患儿母亲的照顾感受可归纳为4个主题:心理负担过重、承受照顾负荷、家庭照护知识缺乏、社会支持系统薄弱。[结论]了解维吾尔族脑瘫患儿母亲照顾脑瘫患儿的真实体验及内心感受,可协助护理人员提供个性化护理。对其提供专业的居家照护知识和康复指导及心理疏导,以减轻照顾母亲心理负担,提高其母亲的生活质量,促进患儿康复。     

孤独症儿童临床症状及母亲心理状况的应用行为分析干预效果

目的:探讨孤独症儿童母亲在专业人员指导下对患儿进行应用行为分析(ABA)干预对患儿临床症状和母亲心理状况的改善效果。方法:76名孤独症儿童母亲在专业人员指导下对患儿进行70dABA干预,在学期开始和结束时对患儿母亲进行医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)测试,并对患儿进行孤独症行为评定量表测量。结果:孤独症儿童的感觉、交往、运动、言语、自理能力均得到明显改善,但患儿母亲的焦虑、抑郁状况未能明显改善。孤独症女童交往能力和自理能力的改善效果优于男童;较大年龄患儿自理能力改善效果优于较小年龄患儿;父亲高中或中专、大学以上文化程度的患儿言语能力改善效果优于父亲初中及以下文化程度的患儿,家庭收入5000元/月的患儿言语能力和交往能力改善效果优于家庭收入3000—5000元/月的患儿。结论:增加患儿家庭的经济救助、加强患儿家长的康复培训也许有助于患儿临床症状的改善;需要探索有效干预孤独症儿童母亲心理状况的方法,帮助她们以健康良好的心理状况面对生活。     

白血病患儿母亲心理历程的质性研究

目的了解白血病患儿的母亲在陪伴子女诊断、治疗、康复过程中的真实心理感受,为临床护理人员对患儿家属进行心理支持提供借鉴.方法通过访谈形式,访问了16位白血病患儿的母亲,将获得的资料进行分析、整理,提出主题.结果患儿的母亲在子女患有恶性肿瘤过程中承受着巨大的心理压力和经济压力,表现过程为初诊时的震惊、困惑、拒绝,逐渐转变成无奈接受,对未来持悲观心理.支持系统主要来自母爱天性、丈夫和家人以及其他白血病患儿家长.结论白血病患儿母亲需要深切人文关怀和情感支持,护理人员应采取个性化的护理措施,帮助、指导患儿及其母亲提高生活质量,度过这一艰辛历程.     

烫伤患儿母亲照顾体验的质性研究

目的:探讨烫伤患儿母亲在照顾患儿入院治疗期间的体会及内心感受,了解影响其内心感受的相关因素.方法:通过半结构访谈方式访问14名因热液不慎烫伤患儿的母亲,将获得的资料通过Colaizzi现象学研究方法进行分析、整理.结果:通过分析、整理和提炼主题,将烫伤患儿母亲的照顾体验归纳于心理负担重,照顾任务重,经济负担重,需要社会支持4个方面.结论:了解烫伤患儿母亲在照顾患儿过程中内心的真实感受,可以协助护理人员更好地提供个性化护理,促进患儿健康恢复,提高患儿母亲的生活质量,减少护患纠纷.     

血液透析患者心理健康影响因素的质性研究

目的：探讨血液透析患者心理障碍的原因及对策。方法采用质性现象学研究方法,对43例血透患者进行面对面、半结构式深度访谈,并用现象学分析法对资料进行整理、归纳及分析。结果引起血透患者不健康心理的原因主要有四点：（1）感到不幸;（2）担心疾病的预后;（3）自我价值感下降;（4）经济负担重。结论针对研究结果医护人员要关注血透患者心理健康问题,为患者提供正确的自我护理指导,及早进行护理干预,在延长患者生命的同时还能提高患者的生活质量。     

孤独症患儿家庭照顾者疾病获益感的质性研究

[目的]深入了解孤独症患儿家庭照顾者疾病获益感的体验,为临床针对孤独症患儿及其家属的健康干预提供一定的参考依据。[方法]采用质性研究中现象学研究方法,选择住院的12名孤独症患儿家庭照顾者进行面对面、半结构式深入访谈。利用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈结果进行分析、归纳、提炼和萃取主题。[结果]孤独症患儿照顾者疾病获益感可以提炼出4个主题:新的生活哲学、新的可能性、感恩、相关健康认知行为的改变。[结论]孤独症患儿家庭照顾者在照顾的过程中有疾病获益感,建议医护人员应从积极心理学的角度,尽早引导患儿照顾者发现疾病获益感,充分发挥患儿的家庭功能,以促进孤独症患儿的早期康复,也为家庭照顾者的心理康复提供进一步的心理支持。     

U.S. policy for children's mental health

Policy work is demanding and sometimes complicated. There is very little current U.S. activity for children's mental health policy. A review of proposed legislation is not encouraging. This is not unusual. Children are not a voting constituency therefore, nurses must be advocates to ensure services and resources for those from infancy to teenage in need of mental healthcare through policy building and action coalitions.     

The mental health experiences of gay men: a research study exploring gay men's health needs

As part of a qualitative study exploring the health needs of gay men, undertaken in the Lothian area of Scotland (Robertson & Hutcheson 1995), the mental health needs of gay men were elicited through focus groups and individual interviews. A grounded theory approach (Glaser & Strauss 1967) was used to analyse the responses from a sample of 37 gay men. This research followed a social interactionist approach and examined from the respondents' stance the effects of being perceived as deviant and the subsequent impact on self-identity and self-esteem. The findings were that there is a reluctance amongst gay men to disclose their sexuality in health care settings which results in mental health needs remaining unrecognized by health professionals. The research also showed that the respondents faced profound social difficulties when coming to terms with their sexuality, a process that can occur throughout their life time. Those who were married faced the strain of living two lives and cited alcohol misuse and depression amongst the effects of this stressful lifestyle.     

肿瘤科护士角色认知与身心健康维护的质性研究

目的了解肿瘤科护士对临终护理工作的认识、内心感受和主要困难,找出共性的负性情绪及其原因,寻求有效的排解方法。方法对24位肿瘤科护士进行深入访谈,现场录音,按现象学研究的方法整理分析资料。结果感觉难过、无能为力是护理临终病人时护士的总体感受;减轻痛苦和恐惧,保持病人的尊严是临终护理的主要任务;工作量和情绪影响成为临终护理工作中的主要压力源。结论临终护理是需要护士付出大爱的工作,如何调整好护理人员的身心健康以便更好地为病人服务需要多方的共同努力。     

瘢痕子宫再次妊娠待产妇心理健康状况评价及其影响因素

目的 探究瘢痕子宫再次妊娠待产妇心理健康状况及其影响因素.方法 选择医院2016年11月—2019年11月收治的瘢痕子宫再次妊娠待产妇90例,根据待产妇心理健康状况评分,分为心理健康状况较差组20例,良好组70例.借助一般资料量表调查基础信息,选择症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查其心理健康状况,通过多因素Logisti...     

自闭症患儿父母心理状况调查及健康教育意义分析

目的分析自闭症儿童父母的心理状况,实施及时有效的健康教育。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS ）对89例自闭症儿童父母进行测评。并对这些父母实施有效的健康教育,对健康教育前的测评结果分别同国内常模、健康教育后比较。结果在健康教育实施前,自闭症儿童父母SCL-90、SAS、SDS得分均高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;健康教育前后得分比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论自闭症儿童父母普遍存在心理问题,及时开展健康教育能改善其心理状况。     

Physical health status of older adults with severe mental illness: The PHiSMI‐E cohort study

The objective was to use various somatic parameters as basis for investigating the physical health of older adults with severe mental illnesses (SMI). A cross‐sectional study design is performed by using baseline data from the Physical Health in SMI‐elderly (PHiSMI‐E) study. Data were collected using the Nursing Monitoring of Somatic Status and Lifestyle – Mental Health instrument in adults aged over 60 with SMI in a large Dutch mental health institute. Ninety‐nine elderly SMI patients were included. Somatic comorbidity (84.8%), use of somatic medication (77.7%) and polypharmacy (67.7%) were prevalent. Extrapyramidal symptoms were experienced by 51% of patients, mainly in the subgroup with psychotic disorders (75.6%). Unhealthy diet was reported in 16.2%, obesity in 27.3%, and physical inactivity in 57.6%. Fatigue (67.7%) and dry mouth (66.6%) were the commonest reported physical symptoms. Mean VAS score (scale 0–10) indicating participants’ self‐perceived physical health was 6.7 (SD ± 1.6). After division of the total patient group into tertiles based on the VAS scores, the lowest tertile was characterized by less physical activity, unhealthier diet, more use of medication, more fatigue, somnolence, and inner agitation. In conclusion, impaired physical health status was common in these older patients with SMI. Although they had more psychiatric and somatic comorbidity than adult SMI patients described in the literature, they had a healthier lifestyle. To reduce morbidity and premature mortality in these frail patients, it is essential that healthcare providers are aware of the high prevalence of somatic comorbidity and symptoms, and of their interactions with the psychiatric disorders. This study improves our understanding of differences in vulnerability factors of older patients with SMI. The (early) detection of somatic comorbidities may improve long‐term health outcomes of these patients.     

Therapeutic engagement between consumers in suicidal crisis and mental health nurses

Registered nurses within public mental health services play crucial roles in helping people recover from suicidal crisis. However, there is a lack of understanding of how care is experienced in this context, and available evidence suggests that nurses and consumers are often dissatisfied with the quality of care. There is thus an imperative to generate understanding of needs and experiences of both groups with a view to informing practice development. This article summarizes qualitative findings from a multimethod study undertaken in Australia, which surveyed and interviewed mental health nurses who had recent experience of caring for consumers in suicidal crisis in a hospital setting, and interviewed consumers who had recovered from a recent suicidal crisis. A framework was developed to guide the study and support ethical imperatives; in particular, the promotion of consumer well‐being. The findings highlight that therapeutic interpersonal engagement between nurses and consumers was central to quality care. This was particularly noted, as engagement could help reduce consumer isolation, loss of control, distress, and objectification of the delivery of potentially‐objectifying common interventions. Of concern, the results indicate a lack of therapeutic engagement from the perspective of both consumers and nurses. Recommendations to promote fuller therapeutic engagement are presented.     

护士对心电监护仪报警应答体验的质性研究

目的了解护士对心电监护仪报警的应答体验,为提高报警应答率提供依据。方法采用现象学研究方法,对5家医院的17名临床注册护士进行深度半结构式访谈,并用内容分析法分析资料。结果得出护士对心电监护仪报警应答体验4个主题:报警不能完全反映患者病情变化,报警的重要性需要区别对待,对报警的风险认识不足,护士应答报警力不从心。结论护士对心电监护仪报警不当应答现象普遍,应提高心电监护仪报警质量,完善其告知体系,力求实现心电监护仪报警的安全管理。     

首发脑卒中患者出院后一周的心理状态与社会参与的相关性分析

目的：调查首发脑卒中患者出院后一周的心理健康状况和社会参与水平,并探讨两者的相关性。方法：采用医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）和自主参与问卷（IPA）对271位首发脑卒中患者进行调查。结果：首发脑卒中患者出院后一周的社会参与总分为（61.14±13.44）分;各条目均分为（2.45±0.54）分。研究对象的焦虑得分为（8.43±4.88）分,阴性为152例,阳性为119例（43.9%）;抑郁得分为（8.48±4.79）分,阴性为145例,阳性为126例（46.5%）。研究对象的心理状况得分与社会参与得分成正相关（P〈0.01）。结论：心理状况和社会参与密切相关,在康复护理中应关注患者的心理状况,缓解其负性情绪,以改善其社会参与障碍。