全膝关节置换术患者疼痛灾难化及影响因素调查

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术患者疼痛灾难化水平及其影响因素,为制定针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取豫北地区5所三级综合医院的356例全膝关节置换术患者,采用一般资料调查表、疼痛灾难化量表、膝关节功能评分、正性负性情绪量表进行调查。结果 全膝关节置换术患者疼痛灾难化总分为（31.01±7.05）分,74例（20.79%）患者疼痛灾难化总分≥38分,即达到疼痛灾难化水平。多元线性回归分析结果显示,膝关节功能、正性情绪、职业、年龄是影响疼痛灾难化的主要因素（均P＜0.01）。结论 全膝关节置换术患者疼痛灾难化水平较高,膝关节功能低下、正性情绪得分较低、务农人员及高龄患者更容易发生疼痛灾难化,医护人员应针对主要影响因素制定干预措施,以降低疼痛灾难化的发生。     

术前血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体浓度与全膝关节置换术后慢性疼痛的相关性

目的 探讨术前血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体(AT2 R)浓度与全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后慢性疼痛(CPSP)的相关性.方法 选择择期全麻下行首次单侧TKA的患者120例,男46例,女74例,年龄45～70岁,BMI 18～30 kg/m2,ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级.所有患者麻醉方法和手术方式一致.术后3个月随访患者膝关节VAS疼痛...     

按摩疗法对人工全膝关节置换术术后疼痛的影响

目的 探讨按摩疗法对人工全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）术后患者疼痛的影响。方法 选取我院拟行单膝 TKA 患者 142 例,分成对照组和观察组,每组 71 例。对照组患者 TKA 术后行常规术后护理,观察组患者 TKA 术后在常规术后护理基础上行按摩疗法。结果 观察组患者术后 6、12、18 和 24 h 疼痛评分和均显著低于对照组患者（P<0.05）;观察组患者术后6、12 和24 h 焦虑率显著低于对照组患者（P<0.05）;观察组患者术后6、12 和24 h 吗啡用量均显著低于对照组患者（P<0.05）;观察组患者术后满意度评分显著高于对照组患者（P<0.05）。结论 按摩疗法可显著降低 TKA 术后患者疼痛和焦虑感,减少患者镇痛药物使用,提高患者术后满意度。     

疼痛灾难化预测术后疼痛的研究进展

疼痛灾难化是患者对疼痛产生的夸大且消极的思维定势。作为与疼痛相关的主要负面心理情绪之一,疼痛灾难化可以通过多种机制调控疼痛体验。因此,疼痛灾难化可能是各种疼痛相关疾病的潜在发病机制和治疗靶点。近年来,由于相对统一的量表出现,越来越多的研究将疼痛灾难化作为术前心理评估项目,探讨术前疼痛灾难化强度预测术后疼痛发生的可能性。全文对疼痛灾难化的相关概念、发生机制、评估手段以及疼痛灾难化对术后急慢性疼痛的预测能力的研究进展进行综述。     

疼痛灾难化对全膝关节置换术患者锻炼依从性影响的有调节的中介效应

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术患者运动恐惧在疼痛灾难化与锻炼依从性之间的中介作用及健康信念的调节作用。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取行全膝关节置换术的364例住院患者作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、疼痛灾难化量表、恐动症Tampa评分、骨科患者功能锻炼依从性量表、新版健康信念量表进行调查。结果 疼痛灾难化与运动恐惧呈正相关（r=0.540）、与锻炼依从性及健康信念呈负相关（r=-0.517、-0.314）;运动恐惧在疼痛灾难化与锻炼依从性之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的46.62%;健康信念对运动恐惧的中介作用起到调节作用（P＜0.05）。结论 全膝关节置换术患者运动恐惧在疼痛灾难化与锻炼依从性之间具有中介作用,健康信念对其中介作用有调节作用。建议医护人员重视疼痛灾难化对锻炼依从性的影响,帮助其提高健康信念,从而促进患者主动参与锻炼。     

全膝关节置换术后疼痛控制的研究进展

全膝关节置换术（TKA）后会出现中至重度疼痛,影响患者术后功能康复,乃至影响总体疗效。适当的疼痛控制是促进TKA手术后早期活动和功能恢复的先决条件,常用的阿片类药物并不总是能充分缓解疼痛,且常伴有不良反应。目前,用于补充和替代传统阿片类药物的镇痛方式包括药物镇痛、外周神经阻滞、局部浸润注射镇痛及其他方法。     

疼痛灾难化对膝关节置换术后疗效的影响

目的分析疼痛灾难化对全膝关节置换(TKA)术后疗效的影响。方法对连续77例因骨关节炎(OA)行TKA术的患者进行分析。术前进行美国特种外科医院膝关节评分系统(HSS评分)及疼痛灾难化量表(PCS)评分检查。术后1年时,进行HSS评分检查及慢性疼痛分析。对术前HSS评分和术前PCS评分,术前HSS和术后HSS评分,术前PCS评分和术后HSS评分进行线性相关检验,对存在慢性疼痛和不存在慢性疼痛的患者进行非配对t检验。结果患者术前HSS评分与术前PCS评分存在中度负相关关系(r=-0.6939,P0.01)。患者术前HSS评分与术后HSS评分存在高度正相关关系(r=0.8132,P0.01)。患者术前PCS评分与术后HSS评分存在中度负相关关系(r=-0.7143,P0.01)。术后1年发生慢性疼痛患者8例,无慢性疼痛患者66例。术后慢性疼痛患者与无术后慢性疼痛患者的术前HSS评分(t=2.029,P0.05)和术前PCS评分(t=6.215,P0.01),存在统计学差异。结论拟行TKA的换患者存在明显的疼痛灾难化现象,并会对术后慢性疼痛的及关节功能产生影响。     

全膝关节置换术后的康复护理

本院开展全膝关节置换术已多年 ,从 1998～ 2 0 0 0年 12月对 36例手术患者进行针对性的康复护理 ,取得了满意的效果 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料本组 36例 ,男 4例 ,女 32例 ,年龄为 42～ 72岁 ,平均 6 0岁。手术采用膝正中切口 ,即髌上缘以上 7.5ｃｍ处至胫骨结节内侧作膝关节前正中皮肤切开。主要病因 :类风湿性关节炎 2 9例 ,骨性关节炎 5例 ,创伤性关节炎 2例。出院后随访 1年 ,效果满意。假体位置及膝关节功能良好。2　术后康复护理积极防治术后并发症 ,人工关节置换术是人体较大的重建手术 ,术后易发生多种并发症。2 .1　出血　人工全…     

膝关节假体设计对全膝关节置换术后膝关节屈曲度的影响

施行全膝关节置换术（totalknee arthroplasty，TKA）旨在使严重膝关节疾患者缓解疼痛并改善功能水平。在衡量TKA术后功能的众多因素中，关节活动度（range of motion，ROM）一直是一个须着重考虑的问题，同时也是绝大多数膝关节评分系统的重要组成部分。一般来说，TKA术后膝关节105°～110°的屈曲度即可以满足患者日常生活的需要，绝大多数文献报道的术后远期屈曲度也保持在100°～115°之间。[第一段]     

全膝关节置换术后康复训练程序

人工全膝关节置换术 (total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是一种疗效十分确切的手术 ,术后优良率 >90 % ,但只把手术成功寄托在手术技术上 ,而不进行术后康复训练 ,则不能达到手术应有的疗效。通过临床实践 ,我们制定了人工全膝关节置换术后的康复训练程序。目的在于通过早期康复训练 ,恢复患者肢体功能及生活自理能力。1　一般资料本组收集 ,11例肿瘤病人 ,男 9例 ,女 2例 ,年龄最小 2 7岁 ,最大 35岁 ,平均年龄 31.5岁 ,发病时间最短 3个月 ,最长 2年 ,其中 7例为膝关节附近恶性肿瘤 ,发病时间短 ,术前均给予化疗 ,4例为骨巨细胞瘤 ,已破坏关…     

Persistent post-surgical pain and neuropathic pain after total knee replacement

AIM: To study the prevalence of persistent post-surgical pain (PPSP) and neuropathic pain (NP) after total knee replacement (TKR).METHODS: MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for articles published until December 2014 in English language. Published articles were included if they referred to pain that lasts at least 3 mo after primary TKR for knee osteoarthritis, and measured pain with pain specific instruments. Studies that referred to pain caused by septic reasons and implant malalignment were excluded. Both prospective and retrospective studies were included and only 14 studies that match the inclusion criteria were selected for this review.RESULTS: The included studies were characterized by the heterogeneity on the scales used to measure pain and pre-operative factors related to PPSP and NP. The reported prevalence of PPSP and NP seems to be relatively high, but it varies among different studies. There is also evidence that the prevalence of post-surgical pain is related to the scale used for pain measurement. The prevalence of PPSP is ranging at 6 mo from 16% to 39% and at 12 mo from 13.1% to 23% and even 38% of the patients. The prevalence of NP at 6 mo post-operatively is ranging from 5.2% to 13%. Pre-operative factors related to the development of PPSP also differ, including emotional functioning, such as depression and pain catastrophizing, number of comorbidities, pain problems elsewhere and operations in knees with early grade of osteoarthritis.CONCLUSION: No firm conclusions can be reached regarding the prevalence of PPSP and NP and the related factors due to the heterogeneity of the studies.     

Anterior knee pain following primary total knee arthroplasty

Despite improvements in technique and technology for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), anterior knee pain impacts patient outcomes and satisfaction. Addressing the prosthetic and surgical technique related causes of pain after TKA, specifically as it relates to anterior knee pain, can aid surgeons in addressing these issues with their patients. Design features of the femoral and patellar components which have been reported as pain generators include: Improper femoral as well as patellar component sizing or designs that result in patellofemoral stuffing; a shortened trochlear groove distance from the flange to the intercondylar box; and then surgical technique related issues resulting in: Lateral patellar facet syndrome; overstuffed patella/flange combination; asymmetric patellar resurfacing, improper transverse plane component rotation resulting in patellar subluxation/tilt. Any design consideration that allows impingement of extensor mechanism anatomical elements has the possibility of impacting outcome by becoming a pain generator. As the number of TKA procedures continues to increase, it is increasingly critical to develop improved, evidence based prostheses that maximize function and patient satisfaction while minimizing pain and other complications.     

对侧膝关节疼痛对全膝关节置换手术患者的临床影响

目的:评估对侧膝关节疼痛程度对骨性关节炎患者全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后1年手术侧关节功能障碍及治疗满意度的影响。方法:2019年3月至2021年1月行TKA的635例患者,男296例,女339例;年龄(69.33±9.38)岁,病程(1.15±0.44)年。根据术后对侧膝关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)分为轻度或无疼痛(VAS 0～3分)423例,中度疼痛(VAS 4～6分)105例,重度疼痛(VAS 7～10分)107例。分析比较对侧膝关节不同疼痛程度对术后12个月膝关节功能及满意度评分的影响。结果:对侧膝关节疼痛VAS在TKA术后明显降低,年龄大、身体质量指数高、术后手术侧膝关节WOMAC评分高、对侧膝关节中、重度疼痛是患者不满意的危险因素(P<0.05),OR分别为1.285、1.665、2.319、1.863。手术侧膝关节疼痛度高、居家环境为步梯房是患者出院1年后WOMAC评分高的危险因素(P<0.05);出院后坚持锻炼、功能性训练是患者出院1年后WOMAC评分高的保护因素(P...     

Levels of preoperative cerebrospinal fluid pro-inflammatory mediators and chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty surgery

Background

Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery are at high risk of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Accumulating evidence suggests an active role of neuroinflammation in chronic pain. However, its role in the progression to CPSP following TKA surgery remains unanswered. Here, we examined the associations between preoperative neuroinflammatory states and pre- and postsurgical chronic pain in TKA surgery.

Methods

The data of 42 patients undergoing elective TKA surgery for chronic knee arthralgia at our hospital were analyzed in this prospective study. Patients completed the following questionnaires: brief pain inventory (BPI), hospital anxiety and depression scale, painDETECT, and pain catastrophizing scale (PCS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected preoperatively and concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF, fractalkine, and CSF-1 were measured by electrochemiluminescence multiplex immunoassay. CPSP severity was ascertained, using the BPI, 6 months postsurgery.

Results

While no significant correlation was observed between the preoperative CSF mediator levels and preoperative pain profiles, the preoperative fractalkine level in the CSF showed a significant correlation with CPSP severity (Spearman's rho = −0.525; p = .002). Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the preoperative PCS score (standardized β coefficient [β]: .11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.16; p < .001) and CSF fractalkine level (β: −.62; 95% CI: −1.10 to −0.15; p = .012) were independent predictors of CPSP severity 6 months after TKA surgery.

Conclusions

We identified the CSF fractalkine level as a potential predictor for CPSP severity following TKA surgery. In addition, our study provided novel insights into the potential role of neuroinflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of CPSP.     

全膝关节置换术后膝关节线改变与膝前痛的相关性

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术后膝关节线改变与膝前痛的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年12月因膝关节骨关节炎行初次全膝关节置换的76例患者的病例资料,男11例,女65例;年龄47～83岁,平均(68.88±7.61)岁.术中应用PFC后稳定型固定平台膝关节假体.术后每12个月定期门诊随访一次.根据Figgie膝关节线测量方法对术前及随访时的关节线进行测量,并计算术前、术后关节线的变化.关节线升高为正值,关节线降低为负值.采用Feller评分法评估术前及随访时的髌骨功能.评估术后24个月的关节线改变水平与Feller髌骨评分的相关性.结果 关节线改变-6.8～10.44 mm,平均(2.69±3.31) mm.随膝关节线升高,Feller髌骨评分呈下降趋势;关节线改变值与Feller髌骨评分呈负相关(r=-0.763,P=0.000).随关节线降低,Feller髌骨评分呈下降趋势;关节线改变值与髌骨评分呈正相关(r=0.914,P=0.000).术后12、24个月关节线改变4 mm以内的患者(55例)Feller髌骨评分均高于关节线改变大于4 mm的患者(21例),差异有统计学意义(t=12.648,P=0.000;t=11.775,P=0.000).结论 对后稳定型固定平台膝关节假体,关节线改变与膝前痛具有相关性,保持关节线变化在±4 mm以内有利于恢复膝关节功能.     

全膝关节置换术围手术期镇痛

目的探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)围手术期镇痛效果,获得最佳的镇痛方案。方法2005年1月至2006年4月的82例单侧TKA手术患者随机分成两组,采用不同的镇痛方案进行围手术期镇痛治疗。对术后疼痛进行评分分析并观察并发症。结果两种镇痛方法均具有明显的镇痛效果,患者满意率及功能康复效果取得明显改善,并发症发生率较低。结论TKA围手术期采用积极的综合镇痛措施,具有重要意义。     

不同剂量氨酚羟考酮对膝关节置换术后镇痛效果的研究

目的观察口服氨酚羟考酮片在膝关节置换术后患者中的镇痛疗效和安全性,选择最佳的给药剂量。方法选择行单侧全膝关节置换患者50例,随机分为氨酚羟考酮10mg组和5mg组,均为Q8H给药,同时使用股神经阻滞（0.2%罗哌卡因）,两组患者均维持镇痛5 d。术后记录静息痛、康复锻炼疼痛最重时、康复锻炼结束时疼痛评分、膝关节被动活动度、膝关节主动活动度,记录功能活动时疼痛：下床、行走、即刻松拐疼痛评分,以及药物相关的并发症。结果氨酚羟考酮10mg组患者在术后1 d、3 d的静息痛VAS评分及膝关节主动活动优于5mg组,不良反应发生率10mg组为26.7%,5mg组为10%。结论氨酚羟考酮用于全膝关节置换术后康复镇痛效果良好,建议在术后早期（1～3天）使用10mg,Q8H给药,以缓解患者的静息痛、锻炼痛,之后可以减药量为5mg,Q8H,也可以达到满意的功能表现,同时减少药物的副作用。     

The painful total knee arthroplasty: Keys to diagnosis

As the prevalance of patients living with total knee replacements continues to rise we continue to see a significant portion of patients living with pain following their primary total knee arthroplasty. For some patients, the etiology of their pain following knee replacement is obvious, yet in many cases the cause of pain remains elusive and thus creates a significant burden for the patient and treating physician. In this review article we focus on common sources of pain following knee replacement and discuss keys to diagnosis. We also propose a unique clinical pathway algorithm to guide diagnostic work up and treatment options.     

Wound healing after total knee arthroplasty

Wound healing complications in the early postoperative period can be severely detrimental to clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty. Thorough knowledge of preoperative risk factors, meticulous surgical technique and wound closure, along with careful postoperative wound monitoring can prevent wound complications or lead to their resolution without subsequent morbidity. If complications arise in the postoperative period, the wound must be evaluated and treated promptly to avoid periprosthetic infection.