重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂超早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)超早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)的疗效及安全性.方法 对74例发病＜6 h的ACI患者给予rt-PA(50 mg)静脉溶栓治疗,溶栓前及溶栓后30 min、24 h、14 d及3个月时分别采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,以及溶栓后3个月给予修订的Rankin评分(mRS)和日常生活能力Barthal指数(BI)评分,评价其疗效及安全性.结果 溶栓后各时间点NIHSS评分均有明显改善(均P<0.01);3个月时NIHSS≤1分者31例(41.9%),mRS 0～1分者39例(52.7%),BI 95～100分者33例(44.6%).脑出血发生率:＜36 h 5例(6.8%),36～72 h 3例(4.1%).3个月内死亡9例(12.2%).结论 ACI发病6 h内给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗相对安全有效.     

Intraventricular thrombolysis with rt-PA in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage

Dunatov S, Antoncic I, Bralic M, Jurjevic A. Intraventricular thrombolysis with rt‐PA in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 124: 343–348.
© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives – To evaluate safety, clinical feasibility, and outcome of intraventricular (IVen) administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Materials and methods – Forty‐eight patients with IVH who received IVen rt‐PA were compared with 49 age‐, sex‐, Glasgow Coma Scale score‐, and Intracerebral Hemorrhage score‐matched control patients. Patients with IVH of aneurysmal or arteriovenous malformation origin were excluded. External ventricular drainage was inserted as soon as baseline CT was performed and rt‐PA was administered within 12 ± 1 h after the ictal onset. Results – The outcome after 3 months was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). In addition, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and mortality were assessed. A good outcome, defined as mRS 0–3, was detected in 27% of patients from the control group vs 58% of patients in the IVen group; P = 0.003. GOS as other outcome scale yielded a significant difference between groups: 20% in the control group, vs 54% in the IVen group; P = 0.001. A statistically significant decrease in mortality was observed in the IVen group: 30% in the control vs 10% in IVen group; P = 0.003. No one patient died because of a complication which could be directly attributed to the IVen thrombolytic therapy. Conclusions – IVen administration of rt‐PA seems to be safe in cases of IVH. This pilot study shows that it may be associated with better outcomes. Further studies and clinical randomized trials are needed to establish indications and IVen administration protocols.     

前-后循环急性脑梗死静脉溶栓疗效比较及安全评价

目的探讨前-后循环急性脑梗死静脉溶栓疗效差异及安全性评价。方法对前-后循环急性脑梗死120例,其中前循环64例及后循环56例急性脑梗死进行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,比较两组间神经功能恢复情况;并通过Logistic回归分析影响急性脑梗死rt-PA静脉溶栓后出血风险的独立危险因素。结果两组患者经溶栓治疗后24h、2w神经功能较溶栓治疗前均有明显恢复(P<0.01),两组之间溶栓治疗后24h神经功能恢复差异无统计学意义,但两组之间溶栓治疗后2w神经功能恢复差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析表明高血压病、心房纤颤、糖尿病及吸烟增加rt-PA静脉溶栓出血风险。结论在急性脑梗死的rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗中,前循环疗效优于后循环,且高血压病、心房纤颤、糖尿病及吸烟影响rt-PA静脉溶栓疗效,有增加出血风险可能,从而影响患者日后生活质量。     

急性脑梗死超早期重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物溶栓治疗的临床研究

目的:探讨发病6h内急性脑梗死给予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)溶栓治疗的疗效及并发症,并分析预后相关因素。方法:共收集本院2001-2005年70例溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死病例,其中52例静脉溶栓,18例动脉溶栓,分析比较两组病例溶栓前后及3个月随访的ESS评分及Barthel指数结果;同时分析与预后相关的因素。结果:静脉和动脉溶栓组溶栓前及溶栓30min后ESS评分及Barthel指数迅速增加,溶栓前后分值有显著差异。1个月内颅内出血率为5.77%(静脉组)和16.67%(动脉组)。3个月时ESS评分及Barthel指数较溶栓后30min的评分有显著改善。结论:6h内动脉、静脉溶栓治疗均安全有效。     

rt-PA治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)治疗急性脑梗死的有效性和安全性。方法选择发病6 h内的急性脑梗死患者5 0例,采用rt-PA(5 0 mg/例)静脉溶栓,其中1 O％剂量5 min内静脉推注,余90%剂量60～90 min内静脉滴注。评定患者治疗前、治疗24 h及21 d时的神经功能缺损程度评分(NIFISS),21 d、90 d日常生活能力评分(ADL)及90 d综合生活能力(改良Rankin评分,mRS)。结果治疗后24 h及21 d的NIHSS评分与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0．01)。随访3个月,mRS为0～3分者33例(66%);脑出血者7例(14%),其中症状性脑出血3例(6%);死亡13例(26%)。在发病4．5 h内进行溶栓治疗的41例患者中有25例(60%)获得良好预后(mRS为0～1分),在4．5～6 h内进行溶栓治疗的9例患者中只有3例(33%)获得良好预后。13例心源性脑梗死患者仅有5例(38%)获得良好预后。结论在排除心源性脑梗死的情况下,采用rt-PA 50 mg/例治疗发病4．5 h内的脑梗死患者,能够改善神经功能,恢复生活能力。     

不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗对超早期急性脑梗死预后的影响

目的 通过对超早期脑梗死患者接受不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗的分析，探讨使用rt-PA对超早期脑梗死预后的影响。方法 超早期脑梗死患者308例，根据家属的意愿及是否签署溶栓治疗知情同意书分别给予溶栓治疗和非溶栓治疗。溶栓组221例，接受rt-PA静脉溶栓，其中92例给予rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg，发病在3 h内68例，>3～≤4 h内9例，>4～≤6 h内15例。129例给予rt-PA0.6～0.8 mg/kg，发病在3 h内72例，>3～≤4 h内24例，>4～≤6 h内33例。对照组87例，未应用rt-PA治疗。记录各组在基线、治疗24 h、发病90 dNIHSS评分、Barthel指数。预后良好定义为发病90 d Barthel指数≥95；颅内出血分为症状性颅内出血和非症状性颅内出血。同时记录随访期间的血管性死亡事件和卒中再发事件。应用logistic多因素分析预后的独立相关因素。结果 预后良好的独立相关因素为患者接受治疗前NIHSS评分（OR＝2.067，95%CI 1.201～3.556，P =0.009），冠心病史（OR =1.942，95%CI 1.040～3.625，P =0.037）和溶栓治疗（rtPA 0.9 mg/kg时，OR =0.414，95%CI 0.207～0.826，P =0.012；rtPA 0.6～0.8 mg/kg时，OR =0.261，95%CI 0.137～0.497，P＜0.01）。症状性颅内出血发生率在rtPA 0.9 mg/kg溶栓组与rtPA 0.6～0.8 mg/kg溶栓组分别为3.3%（3/92）和4.7%（6/129），差别无统计学意义。结论 静脉应用r t - PA溶栓治疗超早期急性脑梗死可获得较好的预后，不同剂量 r t - PA（0.6～0.8 mg/kg vs 0.9 mg/kg）对预后的影响无统计学差异，伴有心房颤动、糖尿病史将可能影响预后。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗后循环脑梗死的疗效及安全性评价

目的探讨rt-PA(重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂)静脉溶栓治疗后循环脑梗死的疗效及安全性。方法选取我院2013-09—2015-09收治的62例后循环脑梗死患者,依据治疗方法不同分为常规组与研究组各31例。常规组予以常规治疗,研究组予以rt-PA溶栓治疗。比较2组治疗前后NIHSS(神经功能缺失评分量表)评分,观察2组临床效果、继发性脑出血率及病死率、血管再闭塞发生情况。结果与常规组比较,研究组治疗后NIHSS评分较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组总有效率(93.5%)高于常规组(64.5%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组继发性脑出血、血管再闭塞发生率及病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 rt-PA溶栓治疗后循环脑梗死,可显著改善患者神经功能,临床效果较为显著,且安全性较高,在临床治疗中具有重要意义。     

经颅多普勒超声辅助动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床研究

目的 观察应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)辅助动脉接触性溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效.方法 对北京军区总医院附属八一脑科医院自2010年8月至2011年4月收治的22例急性缺血性卒中患者(大脑中动脉闭塞13例,基底动脉闭塞9例)行动脉内超选择插管至闭塞动脉,注入重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)20 mg进行接触性溶栓治疗,同时应用TCD对闭塞动脉进行低频(2 MHz)、低强度(0.25 W/cm2)超声辅助溶栓治疗.术后即刻及24h时复查头颅CT,观察动脉再通率、颅内出血率,并对术前术后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及Barthel指数评分进行比较.结果 22例患者溶栓治疗后动脉再通率为77.27％(17/22),其中完全开通率为22.73％(5/22),部分开通率为54.55％(12/22);出现无症状性颅内出血3例(13.63％),均未发生症状性颅内出血;术后NIHSS评分及Barthel指数评分较术前明显提高,显示神经功能恢复良好.结论 对急性缺血性卒中患者在有效时间窗内应用低频TCD辅助小剂量rt-PA动脉接触性溶栓治疗,可显著提高闭塞动脉的再通率,明显减少颅内出血的发生,改善患者的预后,具有良好的临床疗效及安全性.     

小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死临床分析

目的美国及欧洲缺血性脑卒中治疗指南建议0.9mg.kg-1为重组组织型纤维酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓标准治疗剂量。鉴于国人尤其是我国南方人在种族、体质及脑梗死危险因素等方面的不同,也按0.9mg.kg-1国际标准剂量治疗是否完全适合,有很大争议。本试验比较小剂量rt-PA 0.7mg.kg-1与0.9mg.kg-1标准剂量治疗急性脑梗死的疗效、安全性及预后。方法 28例急性脑梗死患者,发病时间窗为4.5h内,具有溶栓指征,无溶栓禁忌症。随机分为小剂量组rt-PA(0.7mg.kg-1,最高剂量50mg)和对照组(0.9mg.kg-1,最高剂量90mg)。比较两组治疗前、治疗后24h及14d的NIHSS评分,颅内出血率、死亡率以及90d mRS评分。结果两组治疗前的基本临床资料比较差异无统计学意义。各组均能有效改善神经功能,各组治疗后NIHSS评分与治疗前相比有显著差异。但治疗后24h及14d时两组比较差异无统计学意义。两组90d mRS评分比较差异无统计学意义。小剂量0.7mg.kg-1组颅内出血发生率为7.1%,0.9mg.kg-1组为14.3%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。0.9mg.kg-1组死亡1例,小剂量组无死亡病例,两组死亡率比较差异无统计学意义。结论 rt-PA静脉溶栓0.7mg.kg-1剂量安全有效,该剂量可能更适合国人,尤其是南方人。     

Not all clots are created equal: a review of deficient thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in patients with metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with a prothrombotic, proinflammatory and hypofibrinolysis state. Although resistance to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in metabolic syndrome patients has been associated with a defective fibrinolytic system, the factors and mechanisms underlining such resistance is unclear. While there is a great debate on proposed mechanisms, fundamental questions regarding resistance to tPA in metabolic syndrome patients with ischemic stroke remain unanswered. This article reviews articles and documents published between 2001 and 2017, and provides an overview of metabolic syndrome, factors associated with tPA resistance in metabolic syndrome, conflicting evidence of insufficient dosing of tPA in overweight/obese patients and future directions for research.     

颈内动脉系统超急性期脑梗死不同时间窗动、静脉溶栓的对比分析

目的 关注颈内动脉系统超急性期脑梗死的溶栓治疗,探讨起病3～6 h动脉溶栓与3 h内静脉溶栓的疗效差异并比较其安全性.方法 选择发病6 h内的颈内动脉系统超急性脑梗死患者66例,其中38例起病3 h内的患者予静脉溶栓治疗(采用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)0.9 mg/kg静脉溶栓),28例起病3～6 h的患者予动脉溶栓治疗(经股动脉穿刺,经微导管对梗死部位接触性给予rt-PA,总量为0.6 mg/kg).对两组患者治疗前和治疗后2 h、24 h、7 d的神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)以及治疗前和治疗后7 d、90 d的Barthel指数(BI)进行比较,并记录两组的不良事件.结果两组治疗后2 h、24 h、7 d的NIHSS评分与治疗后7 d、90 d的BI评分均较治疗前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各时间点NIHSS评分与BI评分在动脉溶栓组与静脉溶栓组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组不良事件发生率相当.结论 对于颈内动脉系统超急性期脑梗死,3 h内予静脉溶栓具有与3～6 h动脉溶栓相当的疗效,且未增加出血、死亡等不良事件的发生率.在具备介入治疗条件的单位,针对3～6 h起病的合并大动脉病变的急性脑梗死患者,动脉溶栓治疗可能是理想的治疗策略.     

Intravenous thrombolysis in a patient with left atrial myxoma with acute ischemic stroke

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is an accepted therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting within 3-4.5 hours of symptom onset. Selection of the patient for thrombolysis depends on the careful assessment for the risk of post thrombolysis symptomatic haemorrhage (6.2-8.9%) which may be fatal. Atrial myxomas which are the commonest tumors of the heart are associated with stroke due to tumor/clot embolism. There are very few case reports of IVT and its outcome in patients with atrial myxoma with stroke. Some have reported successful thrombolysis, while others have reported intracerebral bleeding. In this report we describe our experience of IVT in atrial myxoma patient with ischemic stroke and review the relevant literature.     

三七总皂苷对急性缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物静脉溶栓疗效及出血性转化的影响

目的探讨三七总皂苷对急性缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉溶栓疗效和出血性转化的影响。方法共200例急性(发病至入院时间4.50 h)缺血性卒中患者采用随机数字表法随机分为常规rt-PA静脉溶栓组(对照组,100例)和rt-PA静脉溶栓联合三七总皂苷治疗组(治疗组,100例),分别于治疗前、静脉溶栓后24 h和14 d检测缺血-再灌注损伤指标[丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]、出血性转化指标[基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)]和神经功能指标[美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)],观察静脉溶栓后14 d药物不良反应和出血性转化发生率,评价静脉溶栓后12个月预后(病死率和BI评分)。结果治疗组患者血清SOD(P=0.000)和BI评分(P=0.000)高于,血清MDA(P=0.001)和MMP-9(P=0.001)、血浆FN(P=0.000)和NIHSS评分(P=0.006)低于对照组。rt-PA静脉溶栓联合三七总皂苷治疗后24 h,血清MDA(P=0.000)和MMP-9(P=0.000)、BI评分(P=0.000)升高,NIHSS评分降低(P=0.000);治疗后14 d,血清MDA(P=0.000)和MMP-9(P=0.000)反而降低,血清SOD(P=0.000)和BI评分(P=0.000)持续升高,血浆FN(P=0.000)和NIHSS评分(P=0.000)持续降低。静脉溶栓后14 d,治疗组患者出血性转化发生率低于对照组[9例(9%)对19例(19%);χ2=4.153,P=0.042)],药物不良反应发生率组间差异无统计学意义[14例(14%)对11例(11%);χ2=0.411,P=0.521]。静脉溶栓后12个月,两组病死率差异无统计学意义[5例(5%)对1例(1%);χ2=1.546,P=0.241],而治疗组生存患者BI评分高于对照组(88.51±11.49对84.47±9.83;t=2.451,P=0.015)。结论三七总皂苷可以减轻急性缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后缺血-再灌注损伤,降低出血性转化发生率,改善患者预后,且安全性良好。     

rt-PA和尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死安全性比较及对血栓弹力图的影响

目的 比较rt-PA和UK在我国常规临床实践中对发病6 h内缺血性卒中(AIS)的疗效和安全性.比较rt-PA与UK这两种溶栓剂对血栓弹力图(TEG)各参数的影响,TEG各参数与rt-PA、UK静脉溶栓安全性的关系.方法 收集安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院2018年7月至2021年2月期间、接受rt-PA(4.5 h内)或U...     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂动脉内溶栓和血管内支架成形术治疗急性脑梗死

目的 评价重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(r-TPA)超选择动脉内溶栓和血管内支架成形术治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析45例急性脑梗死病人的临床资料,其中颈内动脉闭塞16例,大脑中动脉闭塞25例,椎-基底动脉闭塞4例.将微导管超选择送至血管闭塞部位,注入r-TPA行动脉内溶栓.其中血管明显狭窄7例,溶栓后采用支架血管内成形术.结果 溶栓后完全再通31例,部分再通14例.治疗前欧洲卒中评分(European stroke scale,ESS)为(55.50±13.25),治疗后7dESS评分为(90.85±15.36),两者有显著性差异(P＜0.01).7例血管明显狭窄者,支架置入术后血管残余狭窄＜16％.结论 r-TPA早期超选择动脉内接触性溶栓,是治疗急性脑梗死的有效方法之一.对合并严重动脉狭窄的病人,动脉内溶栓结合血管内支架成形术安全可行.     

Fixed Dose IV rt-PA and Clinical Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Patients With Body Weight >100 kg: Pooled Data From 3 Randomized Clinical Trials

Background and Purpose

The ASA/AHA guidelines recommend a fixed dose of 90 mg of intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for acute stroke patients weighing more than 100 kg. We aimed to determine if body weight >100 kg (and receiving <0.9 mg/kg dose) independently influence patient clinical outcomes following IV rt-PA treatment.

超急性期脑梗死患者低剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓临床观察

目的探讨超急性期脑梗死TOAST分型对低剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗效果的影响。方法选取2014-08—2016-05本院收治的超早期脑梗死(发病时间4.5h)患者75例为研究对象,按照TOAST分型分为CE组、SAA组和LAA组,所有患者均接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,观察分析其临床效果及不良反应发生情况。结果 LAA组、CE组治疗后2h、7d其NIHSS评分与治疗前比较均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);SAA组治疗前后其BI指数、NIHSS评分均无明显变化(P0.05);CE组不良反应发生率明显高于LAA组、SAA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于不同TOAST分型的超早期急性脑梗死患者,采用rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗以CE、LAA患者疗效最为显著,而SAA患者多表现不佳,治疗过程中,对CE患者应加强病情观察和护理,以预防出血事件发生。     

228例急性缺血性脑血管病动脉介入溶栓治疗的效果

目的 研究急性缺血性脑血管病动脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效,并对其并发症的防治进行讨论.方法 对228例急性缺血性脑血管病进行微导管超选择溶栓,起病距溶栓时间,前循环6h内,后循环12h内,尿激酶以1.0万U/min持续泵入,总量＜100万U,辅助其他常规治疗,并在治疗前后及起病15d内分别进行神经功能评定.结果 动脉介入溶栓总有效率为91.2％,显效率67.5％,血管再通率为70.6％,治疗后神经功能缺损评分较前显著降低(P＜0.01).结论 动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死是一种安全有效的方法,可使大部分患者闭塞动脉再通,提高临床治疗效果.     

Baseline Computed Tomography Changes and Clinical Outcome After Thrombolysis With Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Ischemic Stroke

OBJECTIVE: Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the only therapy of proven value for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Controversy exists with regard to the prognostic significance of early computed tomography (CT) changes in patients receiving rt-PA for AIS. The authors retrospectively reviewed all cases of AIS who received intravenous rt-PA for AIS in University of South Alabama hospitals between January 1996 and May 1999. A neuroradiologist, blinded to clinical outcomes, reviewed all baseline CT scans for the presence of the following signs: hyperdense middle cerebral artery (HMCA), loss of gray-white differentiation (LGWD), insular ribbon sign (IRS), parenchymal hypodensity (PH), and sulcal effacement (SE). Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was recorded 90 days after thrombolysis, and clinical outcome was dichotomized as favorable (0-1) or unfavorable (2-6). The authors performed both univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the relationship between early CT signs, baseline clinical variables, and functional outcome as measured by the 90-day mRS scores. Any one early CT finding was detected in 23(64%) patients. The frequency of specific findings were as follows: SE in 13 patients (36%), LGWD in 12 patients (33%), PH in 9 patients (25%), HMCA in 4 patients (11%), and IRS in 3 patients (8%) patients. There was no statistically significant association between the occurrence of these imaging findings and subsequent functional outcome after thrombolysis. The data suggest that the presence of subtle acute CT changes in AIS patients is not predictive of clinical outcome following administration of rt-PA as per National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke protocol.