磁场对去卵巢大鼠骨密度、骨强度和骨代谢的影响

本文研究了旋转恒定磁场对去卵巢大鼠骨密度，骨强度和骨代谢的影响。结果表明磁场处理30分钟且加钙组的骨密度，能量吸收，弹性能量吸收，最大载荷，最大桡度和弹性桡度等指标均显著高于去卵巢组，分别增加3.5%,15.4%,12.4%,7.6%,5.8%,11.9%t 5.2%。其碱性磷酸酶，血磷，血钙等指标也比去卵巢组分别高71％，108％，156％。实验还检测了暴磁1个月及停止暴磁后1到2个月，大鼠骨密度和骨矿含量的变化，结果表明磁场处理存在着窗口效应和滞后效应。     

尼尔雌醇对去卵巢大鼠胫骨骨重建的影响

目的　探讨尼尔雌醇防治绝经后骨质疏松 (PMO)的作用机制。方法　雌性Wistar大鼠30只 ,随机分成假手术组、去卵巢组和尼尔雌醇治疗 (N)组。假手术组进行假手术 ,其余 2组切除卵巢制备PMO模型 ,N组使用尼尔雌醇治疗 3个月。各组动物处死后 ,取一侧胫骨提取总RNA ,逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)检测白细胞介素 (IL 6 )mRNA表达情况。另一侧用骨形态计量学方法研究去卵巢大鼠胫骨干骺端对尼尔雌醇的治疗反应 ,包括静力学参数 :(1)骨小梁体积 (TBV)占全部骨组织体积 (TTV)的百分比 (TBV/TTV) ;(2 )骨小梁表面与其体积之比 (S/V) ;(3)TBV占海绵骨 (SBV)体积的百分比 (TBV/SBV) ;(4 )平均骨小梁板厚度 (MTPT) ;(5 )平均骨小梁板密度 (MTPD) ;(6 )平均骨小梁板间隙 (MTPS) ;(7)平均骨皮质厚度 (MCW)。动力学参数 :(1)骨小梁类骨质表面占骨小梁表面的百分比 (TOS) ;(2 )平均类骨质宽度 (MOSW) ;(3)四环素单标记线占骨小梁表面的百分比 [Sfract(s) ];(4 )四环素双标记线占骨小梁表面的百分比 [Sfract(d) ];(5 )四环素单标记线的 1/ 2和双标记线之和占骨小梁表面的百分比 [Sfract(s/ 2 d) ];(6 )四环素双标记线间的平均距离 (DDL) ;(7)矿化沉积率 (MiAR) ;(8)矿化延迟时间 (MLT) ;(9)组织水平的骨形成率 (Svf) ;     

卵巢切除对大鼠骨组织结构改变的影响

目的：探讨卵巢切除对大鼠骨组织形态学改变的影响。方法：将１８只３月龄雌性大鼠随机分为卵巢切除组及假手术组（对照组）。术后３周处死两组大鼠，获取股骨远端１／３处骨，分别进行石蜡包埋，塑料包埋切片及扫描电镜观察。结果：卵巢切除可引起大鼠骨小梁变细、中断，骨小梁表面钙盐沉积减少。结论：卵巢切除可使大鼠骨吸收增加，影响骨的稳定性，增加骨折发生的危险性。     

补肾壮骨方干预去卵巢骨质疏松模型大鼠骨代谢及骨密度的变化

背景：中医药以其良好的治疗效果及安全性越来越多的应用于骨质疏松症的治疗中,补肾壮骨方目前作为山东中医药大学附属医院协定方被广泛应用于临床中,获得了极好的治疗效果。目的：评价补肾壮骨方对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢及骨密度的影响。方法：60只SD大鼠随机分为6组,分别为假手术组、模型组、阿仑膦酸钠组、补肾壮骨方高、中、低剂量组,每组10只,后5组制备去卵巢骨质疏松症模型,假手术组只切除卵巢周围脂肪组织。造模8周后,补肾壮骨方高、中、低剂量组分别予以2.34,1.17,0.58 g/(kg·d)补肾壮骨方,阿仑膦酸钠组予阿仑膦酸钠1 mg/(kg·d),假手术组及模型组给予等体积的生理盐水,1次/d灌胃。连续灌胃12周后检测各组大鼠血清碱性磷酸酶、Runt相关转录因子2及核因子κB受体活化因子配体水平;取右侧股骨观察骨密度及骨微结构;苏木精-伊红染色观察组织病理改变;免疫组化法检测骨组织Wnt1、骨形态发生蛋白2蛋白表达。结果与结论：(1)造模8周后,与假手术组对比,模型组大鼠骨密度、骨小梁数明显降低(P <0.05),提示造模成功;(2)与模型组大鼠对比,补肾壮骨方低、中、高剂量组及阿...     

强骨康疏胶囊对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨细微结构及骨代谢的影响

目的:观察强骨康疏胶囊对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠的骨密度、OPG及RANKL蛋白表达、骨组织形态计量学参数及骨组织细微结构的影响。方法:制备去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠模型后,分组:正常对照组、模型空白组、中药低剂量预防组、中药高剂量预防组、雌激素预防组。给药1月后,检测各组股骨骨密度值,显微镜下观察股骨骨小梁的结构变化,并检测骨组织形态计量学参数。采用免疫组织化学染色法检测大鼠股骨OPG及RANKL蛋白表达。结果:模型空白组大鼠股骨骨密度减少,骨小梁厚度、面积、面积百分数均减少,骨小梁间距增大,股骨OPG蛋白平均光密度值显著降低,RANKL蛋白平均光密度值明显增高;雌激素预防组、中药低剂量组、中药高剂量组对上述指标均有明显改善。结论:强骨康疏胶囊能有效提高骨量,维持骨小梁立体空间结构,改善大鼠股骨远端松质骨的显微结构,能够提高骨OPG蛋白表达及抑制RANKL蛋白表达。     

卵巢辐射损伤对大鼠腰椎骨密度和生物力学的影响

目的探讨大鼠卵巢辐射损伤后腰椎骨密度、微结构和生物力学的改变。方法手术暴露大鼠双侧卵巢并应用50Gy的γ射线局部照射,术后90d取大鼠腰椎,DEXA测定骨密度,扫描电镜显示微结构,并行压缩实验检测腰椎最大载荷。结果与假手术组相比,卵巢辐射组大鼠的腰椎骨密度显著减少(P<0.05),骨微结构破坏,生物力学性能下降(P<0.05)。结论卵巢辐射损可导致大鼠腰椎的骨质疏松样改变。     

绝经妇女血清睾酮和前臂骨密度之间的相关性

目的 :为了研究绝经后妇女的雄激素水平与骨密度之间的关系。方法 :测定了 39例从未服用过雌激素和钙剂 ,其血清雌激素水平基本相同 ,但骨密度水平有一定差异的绝经后妇女的血清睾酮水平 ,并将这些妇女依骨密度水平分为正常和骨质疏松两个组。结果 :经过统计学分析 ,发现两组血清睾酮水平有非常显著的差异 (p <0 0 0 1)。经过直线回归计算和相关分析 ,发现两个组的睾酮和各自匹配的骨密度水平呈平行变化 ,线性关系良好 ,相关系数分别为 0 72及 0 75。经相关检验 ,两个p <0 0 0 1,有高度相关。将两r值进一步进行显著性检验 ,U值为 0 14,说明两组的正相关关系无显著性差异 (p>0 0 5 )。结论 :血清睾酮水平低与骨密度与骨质疏松密切相关。     

中等强度运动对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松及骨形态发生蛋白2信号通路的影响

目的 探讨中等强度运动对去卵巢大鼠骨密度、骨质代谢、骨生物力学及骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)信号通路的影响。 方法 将24只成年雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、手术组与运动组,每组8只,假手术组仅切除双侧卵巢周围脂肪组织,手术组、运动组摘除双侧卵巢,摘除卵巢1周后运动组进行中等强度运动训练,共训练12周。12周后,进行股骨骨密度、生物力学、骨代谢、组织学检测,Western blotting检测股骨组织BMP-2、Runt相关转录因子2（Runx2）、Osterix及Smad1/5/8蛋白表达。 结果 手术组、运动组血钙、血磷、血抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP)浓度高于假手术组(P<0.05),而运动组上述指标低于手术组(P<0.05)。手术组和运动组骨密度低于假手术组(P<0.05),而运动组高于手术组(P<0.05)。手术组和运动组骨组织生物力学性能低于假手术组(P<0.05),而运动组高于手术组(P<0.05)。组织学显示,运动组骨质疏松程度轻于手术组,骨组织内BMP-2表达量多于手术组。手术组和运动组BMP-2、Runx2、Osterix及Smad1/5/8蛋白表达低于假手术组(P<0.05),而运动组上述蛋白表达高于手术组(P<0.05)。 结论 中等强度运动可改善去卵巢大鼠股骨的骨密度、生物力学性能与骨代谢,这一作用可能与BMP-2信号通路有关。     

复方丹参滴丸对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢及骨生物力学的影响

目的:研究复方丹参滴丸(DSP)对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢与骨生物力学的影响.方法:切除大鼠双侧卵巢,建屯大鼠原发性骨质疏松模型.予复方丹参滴丸等药物干预90天后,测大鼠血清的钙、磷、锌、镁、铁、雌二醇、骨钙素浓度,测定股骨中钙、磷、锌、镁、铁含量及股骨生物力学指标.结果:与模型组比较,复方丹参滴丸组和尼尔雌醇组大鼠血清钙、磷、骨钙素含量明显减少(P<0.05);股骨中的钙、磷、镁含量明显增加(P<0.05);股骨的最大载荷、最大挠度、最大应力、弹性模量均明显增强(P<0.05),以高剂量复方丹参滴丸组的作用最为明显.结论:复方丹参滴丸可纠正去卵巢大鼠的骨代谢紊乱,维持正常的骨生物力学性能,提示复方丹参滴丸对绝经后骨质疏松症有防治作用.     

绝经后妇女骨质疏松患者血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3与骨密度及骨代谢指标的关系

目的： 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3（IGFBP-3）与绝经后妇女骨密度及骨代谢指标之间的关系。方法： 通过检测90例绝经后妇女骨质疏松患者及70例绝经后骨量正常的健康对照组血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、骨钙素（BGP）、I型胶原异构C端肽（β-CTX）、雌激素（E₂）、降钙素（CT）、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）等指标，然后同用双能X线骨密度仪检测的两组研究对象的腰椎（L2-L4）侧位、左股骨颈骨密度进行比较。结果： 绝经后骨质疏松组妇女腰椎、股骨颈骨密度显著低于对照组（均P<0.01）；血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、E₂、CT、BGP水平均低于对照组（均P<0.01）；血清β-CTX、PTH均高于对照组（均P<0.01），血清Ca、P两组之间无差异（均P>0.05）。骨质疏松组和对照组腰椎侧位、左股骨颈BMD均与IGF-1、IGFBP-3、E₂、BGP、CT水平呈正相关，与β-CTX、PTH水平呈负相关，而与血钙、血磷无明显关系。结论： IGF-1、IGFBP-3、E₂、BGP、CT、β-CTX、PTH血清水平与腰椎、左股骨质具有明显的相关性，通过检测上述指标可考虑作为筛查绝经后妇女是否容易患有骨质疏松症的一项有价值的生化参考指标。     

康力龙对类固醇性大鼠骨质疏松骨密度和生物力学的影响

目的　从生物力学和骨矿含量测定角度研究康力龙对类固醇性大鼠骨代谢的影响。方法　采用 3月龄雄性SD大鼠 2 8只 ,随机分为基础对照组、年龄对照组、激素模型组和康力龙预防组。后两组给醋酸泼尼松 4 5mg·kg-1,ig ,2次 /周 ;预防组还给康力龙 0 5mg·kg-1·d-1,ig。 3个月后取股骨和第 5腰椎行骨密度测定 ,再行扭转、3点弯曲和压缩试验。结果　与年龄对照组比较 ,激素模型组股骨和第 5腰椎的总骨密度减少了 14 6 4 % (P <0 0 1) ;股骨干在 3点弯曲试验时所承受的载荷减少了17 1% (P <0 0 5 ) ;其余的力学参数都出现减少的趋势。与激素模型组比较 ,康力龙预防组股骨和第 5腰椎的总骨密度有所增加 ;股骨扭转角度明显增加 72 5 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,其余的力学参数都出现增加的趋势。结论　长期使用糖皮生激素 (GC) ,会使大鼠皮质骨和松质骨的骨密度和力学性能下降 ,从而易致骨折 ;应用康力龙则能阻止GC所致骨量丢失 ,还能增加其力学性能。     

Hip bone mineral density is improved by high-impact aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women and men over 50 years

Fifteen men and women (six men) between the ages of 50 and 73 years were recruited to begin keep-fit classes. They were matched for sex, age, menopausal status and mass to 15 non-exercising controls. The keepfit classes were two to three times a week and included high-impact exercise, including step and jumping exercises specifically to load the proximal femur and spine. Proximal femur, lumbar spine and total body bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at 0 and 12 months. Urinary pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (dPyr) crosslinks were measured every 6 months to assess bone resorption. Quadriceps isometric strength was measured every 6 months. BMD increased non-significantly at the femoral neck [1.57 (0.8%] and Wards triangle [1.97 (1.4%], and significantly at the greater trochanter 2.21 (0.9)% (P=0.02) in the exercise group. Femoral neck BMD decreased by −1.9(0.8)% (P=0.049) in the control group, which was significantly different from the change in the exercise group (P=0.009). BMD did not change at the Wards triangle or trochanter in the controls. Lumbar spine BMD did not change in either group. Total body BMD did not change in the exercise group, but decreased by −0.79 (0.3)% (P=0.02) in the controls. Follwing 6 months of the exercise classes, Pyr and dPyr crosslinks were significantly reduced [−19.0 (7.2)%;P=0.0019 and −20.0 (7.7)%;P=0.021 respectively]. There was no significant change in crosslinks after 1 year, and no change at any time in the controls. Quadriceps strength changed by 5.4 (3.7)% in the exercise group and by −6.9 (2.5)% (P=0.01) in the control group after 12 months, being significant between groups (P=0.008). This study suggests that high-impact, aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women and men over 50 years old is feasible and effective at maintaining muscle strength and increasing proximal femur BMD but not spine or total body BMD.     

不同剂量糖皮质激素对大鼠骨密度和生物力学性能的影响

目的通过双能X射线骨密度仪(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)、骨生物力学测试及骨组织计量学等方法研究不同剂量糖皮质激素摄入对正常3月龄大鼠骨骼的影响。方法 31只SPF级3月龄SD雌性大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、地塞米松(Dex)1、2.5、5 mg/kg组,每周尾静脉注射给药2次,共8周,对照组给予生理盐水对照。给药结束后,离体股骨和第3腰椎通过DXA进行骨矿含量(bone mineral content,BMC)、骨矿密度(bone mineral density,BMD)测定,全股骨和第5腰椎分别进行三点弯曲和压缩力学实验,并通过骨组织病理切片观察胫骨近端骨小梁的显微结构并定量分析。结果与正常组相比,所有激素组大鼠体重均明显降低,腰椎BMC、BMD及最大压缩载荷均未明显下降,全股骨BMC均有所降低,但只有Dex 1 mg组全股骨和股骨远端、近端BMD降低;Dex 1 mg组三点弯曲实验断裂载荷、最大载荷和弹性载荷都明显降低,而Dex 2.5 mg、Dex 5 mg组只有弹性载荷仍低于正常对照组。激素组骨小梁有空间密度分布不均现象,骨代谢处于低转换。结论应用糖皮质激素8周对3月龄大鼠骨骼的不利影响股骨较腰椎明显,股骨骨量丢失,力学性能下降,两者均无剂量依赖性。更高剂量Dex并没有增加骨量丢失和力学性能改变。力学性能特别是弹性载荷下降以及骨小梁密度分布不均,提示糖皮质激素更多的是引起骨质量下降。临床上应用糖皮质激素时,应使用多种方法评价其对骨骼的副作用。     

Association between bone mineral density and lumbar disc degeneration

Objectives

Higher vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) has been found to be related with lumbar disc degeneration (LDD), while relationship between femoral neck BMD and LDD remains controversial. The aim of our research was to study the relationship between LDD and BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck.

Study design

The study population consisted of 168 postmenopausal women (aged 63.3–75.0 years, mean 68.6 years) from the prospective OSTPRE and OSTPRE-FPS study cohorts. The severity of LDD was graded from T2-weighted MRI images using the five-grade Pfirrmann classification. Four vertebral levels (L1-L4) were studied (total 672 discs). The association between lumbar BMD and Z-score and the severity of LDD was studied separately for each vertebral level with AN(C)OVA analysis, using potential confounders as covariates.

Results

Higher lumbar BMD and Z-score were associated with more severe LDD at all studied levels (L1-L4): between L4-L5 disc and L4 BMD (p = 0.044) and L4 Z-score (p = 0.052), between L2-L3 disc and L3 BMD (p = 0.001) and at all other levels (p < 0.001). The mean degeneration grade of the studied discs was associated with the mean L1-L4 BMD and Z-score (p < 0.001). Statistical significance of any result did not alter after controlling for confounding factors. There was no significant association between femoral neck BMD and LDD.

Conclusions

Higher lumbar BMD/Z-score were associated with more severe LDD. There was no significant association between femoral neck BMD and disc degeneration. Femoral neck BMD may be a more reliable measurement for diagnosing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with degenerative changes in the lumbar spine.     

Association between bone mineral density and lumbar disc degeneration

ObjectivesHigher vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) has been found to be related with lumbar disc degeneration (LDD), while relationship between femoral neck BMD and LDD remains controversial. The aim of our research was to study the relationship between LDD and BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck.Study designThe study population consisted of 168 postmenopausal women (aged 63.3–75.0 years, mean 68.6 years) from the prospective OSTPRE and OSTPRE-FPS study cohorts. The severity of LDD was graded from T2-weighted MRI images using the five-grade Pfirrmann classification. Four vertebral levels (L1-L4) were studied (total 672 discs). The association between lumbar BMD and Z-score and the severity of LDD was studied separately for each vertebral level with AN(C)OVA analysis, using potential confounders as covariates.ResultsHigher lumbar BMD and Z-score were associated with more severe LDD at all studied levels (L1-L4): between L4-L5 disc and L4 BMD (p = 0.044) and L4 Z-score (p = 0.052), between L2-L3 disc and L3 BMD (p = 0.001) and at all other levels (p < 0.001). The mean degeneration grade of the studied discs was associated with the mean L1-L4 BMD and Z-score (p < 0.001). Statistical significance of any result did not alter after controlling for confounding factors. There was no significant association between femoral neck BMD and LDD.ConclusionsHigher lumbar BMD/Z-score were associated with more severe LDD. There was no significant association between femoral neck BMD and disc degeneration. Femoral neck BMD may be a more reliable measurement for diagnosing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with degenerative changes in the lumbar spine.     

Comparison of effect of treatment with etidronate and alendronate on lumbar bone mineral density in elderly women with osteoporosis

The purpose of this open-labeled prospective study was to compare the treatment effects of cyclical etidronate and alendronate on the lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), bone resorption, and back pain in elderly women with osteoporosis. Fifty postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, age ranging from 55 to 86 years (mean: 70.7 years), were randomly divided into two groups with 25 patients in each group: the cyclical etidronate group (etidronate 200 mg daily for 2 weeks every 3 months) and the alendronate group (5 mg daily). The BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) measured by DXA, the urinary cross-linked N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX) level measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and back pain evaluated by the face scale score were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics including age, body mass index, years since menopause, lumbar BMD, urinary NTX level, and face scale score between the two treatment groups. Etidronate treatment sustained the lumbar BMD following a reduction in the urinary NTX level and improved back pain, while alendronate treatment reduced the urinary NTX level more significantly, resulting in an increase in the lumbar BMD, and similarly improved back pain. No serious adverse events were observed in either group. This study confirmed that alendronate treatment had a greater efficacy than etidronate treatment in increasing the lumbar BMD through the reduction of bone resorption in elderly women with osteoporosis.     

Ovariectomy-associated changes in bone mineral density and bone marrow haematopoiesis in rats

The relationship between the bone mass loss and bone marrow haematopoiesis in osteoporosis remains obscure. We selected 3-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats and randomly divided them into six groups. Three groups were ovariectomized (OVX), while the other three groups were sham operated (Sham). Four, 8 and 12 weeks after the surgical procedure, the rats were euthanized and sampled. The left femur was used for measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). The right femur distal metaphysic cancellous bone was processed for morphological evaluation. Our results showed that the femur BMD in the 4-week OVX group was not significantly decreased compared with that of the 4-week Sham group, but that the volume of adipose tissue in the bone marrow was markedly increased. The femur BMD in the 8-week OVX group was decreased significantly compared with that of the 8-week Sham group ( P   <   0.05). Meanwhile, the volume of haematopoietic tissue decreased and the volume of adipose tissue increased. The number of megakaryocytes was decreased ( P   <   0.05). Interestingly, the osteoclasts and mast cells were increased in number in the 8-week OVX group ( P   <   0.05). These changes became obvious in the 12-week OVX rats, in contrast to the Sham groups. The volume of trabecular bone and the number of osteoblasts in the 12-week OVX group decreased significantly. Increased reticulin fibres were observed only in the 12-week OVX group. Our studies demonstrated a reciprocal correlation between bone-forming osteoblasts and marrow adipose tissue and suggest that OVX rats may be valuable as an animal model to study hypohaemopoiesis.     

Analysis of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 gene polymorphism with bone mineral density and bone fracture frequency in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis

PurposeWe aimed to examine the polymorphism of the promoter and exon 5 of the TNFSF11 gene and their impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and the frequency of bone fractures. TNFSF11 encodes the receptor activator of the NF-kB ligand (RANKL), a key regulator of bone metabolism and osteoporosis drug targets. BMD is an essential measure in diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing the risk of fractures. In vivo, RANKL expression research suggests that promoter TNFSF11 variants influence BMD. Moreover, exon 5 polymorphism of a linear epitope sequence for a denosumab could be related to the effectiveness of biological therapy.Patients and methodsThe study included 114 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. BMD was measured in the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. Genetic analysis was performed using Sanger sequencing. Genotypes data for 263 female European population group were obtained from the 1000Genomes database.ResultsWe identified six promoter polymorphisms (rs9525641, rs9533155, rs9533156, rs11839112, rs28926171, rs183599708) and one silent TNFSF11 variant in exon 5 (rs9562415). Three of the sequence variants detected (rs9525641, rs9533155, rs9533156) proved to be polymorphic, whereas the others four occurred at a frequency below 2%. The statistical analysis demonstrated no significant differences between polymorphisms and BMD, and bone fractures. However, variant rs9533156 was relevant with the lumbar spine T-score (p = 0.0273), and no association with BMD was of borderline significance (p = 0.0529).ConclusionsVariant rs9533156 may contribute to the genetic regulation of BMD in Polish postmenopausal osteoporosis, while the exon 5 sequence of the TNFSF11 gene is very conservative.