血清CEA与CA153动态监测对乳腺癌复发转移早期诊断价值的初步报告

为了观察乳腺癌手术前后血清CEA及CA153的动态变化,探讨其在乳腺癌术后复发转移早期诊断中的价值,取144例乳腺癌外周静脉血,采用多肿瘤标志蛋白芯片检测系统分别于术前、术后3个月、术后6个月检测CEA及CA153水平.结果: 144例乳腺癌术前血清CEA/CA153阳性率与其年龄、受体状况差异无统计学意义.CA153与临床分期、腋淋巴结状况显著相关,CEA无显著相关.CEA/CA153在手术前后差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05,复发转移组明显高于无复发转移组 (P≤0.001).CA153和CEA阳性频率与复发转移显著相关,χ2=39.968,P＜0.001.从CEA、CA153出现首次阳性到复发转移间隔时间为56 d～7个月,平均3个月.初步研究结果提示,CEA及CA153动态监测是监控乳腺癌复发与转移较好的预警指标,有利于临床早期发现、早期干预.     

结直肠癌患者血清CEA和CA19-9水平与肝转移的关系

目的探讨结直肠癌(CRC)患者血清癌胚抗原(CEA)和糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平与肝转移的关系。方法应用电化学发光免疫分析法检测127例CRC患者的血清CEA和CA19-9水平,分析CRC肝转移与血清CEA和CA19-9阳性率的关系,比较不同临床特征CRC患者的血清CEA和CA19-9阳性率,分析CEA和CA19-9阳性表达与CRC肝转移患者预后的关系。结果127例患者中,有肝转移71例,无肝转移56例;CEA阳性67例,CA19-9阳性53例。有肝转移CRC患者的血清CEA和CA19-9阳性率分别为60.6%(43/71)和57.7%(41/71),均高于无肝转移患者的42.9%(24/56)和21.4%(12/56),差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。CEA和CA19-9均为阳性的CRC患者的肝转移率(90.3%)高于其中一项阳性患者的肝转移率(70.7%),差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。不同性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤部位、乙肝情况的CRC患者的血清CEA和CA19-9阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);低分化和Ⅲ~Ⅳ期CRC患者的血清CEA和CA19-9阳性率均明显高于中高分化和Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。CEA和CA19-9均为阳性的CRC肝转移患者的3年生存情况优于CEA或CA19-9一项阳性的CRC肝转移患者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论血清CEA和CA19-9水平有助于判断CRC患者是否存在肝转移,联合检测血清CEA和CA19-9水平对预测CRC肝转移及预后具有重要意义。     

外周血癌胚抗原mRNA在大肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:应用RTPCR技术检测大肠癌患者外周血CEAmRNA,探讨与不同临床病理指标之间的关系,评估复发转移的早期预测意义。方法:应用RTPCR技术,选择特异性CEAmRNA引物,检测29例大肠癌患者外周血CEAmRNA,同期定量检测外周血CEA和CA199糖蛋白。另抽取12例健康志愿者外周血标本作为对照。结果:29例大肠癌患者外周血中CEAmRNA、CEA、CA199阳性率分别为24.14%(7/29)、17.24%(5/29)、13.79%(4/29)。12例对照组外周血中CEAmRNA、CEA、CA199均阴性。有淋巴结转移者外周血CEAmRNA阳性率(35.29%,6/17)高于无淋巴结转移者(8.33%,1/12),但χ2=2.79,P=0.095。TNM分期Ⅳ期中外周血CEAmRNA阳性率66.67%(4/6),Ⅲ期16.67%(2/12),Ⅰ、Ⅱ期9.09%(1/11),差异有统计学意义,χ2=7.65,P=0.022。外周血CEAmRNA表达在患者的年龄、性别、病理类型等差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论:CEAmRNA、CEA和CA199在大肠癌患者中的阳性率,以CEAmRNA阳性率最高,随TNM分期进展,阳性率更高,提示预后不良,应加强治疗。     

大肠癌患者血清肿瘤标志物含量测定与临床研究

目的评价血清肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA199和CA242)单项或多项联合检测对大肠癌患者的临床诊断价值,探讨其在病理分期、淋巴结转移、侵袭程度及肿瘤大体形态等临床特征方面的意义。方法应用酶联免疫法检测134例大肠癌患者和200名健康人血清中CEA、CA199和CA242含量。结果大肠癌患者血清3种肿瘤标志物含量明显高于健康人(均P<0.01);单项检测中,CEA和CA242的阳性率无差异,但均显著高于CA199;CEA+CA242联合检测和CEA+CA242+CA199联合检测的阳性率显著高于单项和CEA+CA199的联合及CA199+CA242的联合,但特异性低于单项检测。在dukesA、B、C及D期中,3项肿瘤标志物含量及检测的阳性率依次增高,总体水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05～0.01);淋巴结转移患者的3项标志物含量及CA199、CA242的阳性率均高于无淋巴结转移的患者;3项标志物含量随肿瘤侵袭程度的加深显著增高,但在组织病理分类和肿瘤大体形态中均无明显的差异。结论CEA、CA199及CA242肿瘤标志物联合检测可以提高大肠癌诊断的敏感度,并对临床分期、判断淋巴结转移、肿瘤侵袭程度、进而进行有效临床治疗,具有一定的指导意义。     

术前糖类抗原19-9与结直肠癌患者术后预后的关系

目的：评价术前糖类抗原19-9水平（colorectal cancer, CA19-9）与结直肠癌（carbohydrate antigen 19-9,CRC）患者术后预后的关系。方法：收集2010年—2013年在我院住院行手术治疗的419例CRC患者的临床资料。CA19-9数据不服从正态分布,使用秩和检验分析CA19-9与CRC患者临床病理特征的关系;Kaplan-Meier法绘制CA19-9与CRC患者预后关系的生存曲线,生存曲线比较采用Log-rank 检验;COX比例风险回归模型对预后进行单因素和多因素分析。结果：术前CA19-9水平与CRC患者术后TNM分期、肿瘤最大横径、组织学类型、神经侵犯、转移情况有关（P均<0.05）。术前CA19-9阳性患者较CA19-9阴性患者术后5年生存率明显下降（50.98% vs 77.14%）,中位生存期明显缩短（40.36月 vs 56.59月）,两组患者的术后生存曲线的差异有统计学意义（2 =23.501,P<0.001）。将419例CRC患者按照肿瘤位置分层,术前CA19-9阳性结肠癌患者的预后也不如术前CA19-9阴性结肠癌患者,并且直肠癌患者中也有同样结果。多因素分析显示术前CA19-9水平为影响CRC患者术后预后的独立危险因素之一（P =0.033）。结论：术前CA199水平可预测CRC患者预后,术前CA19-9呈阳性的CRC患者手术后预后更差。术前CA19-9或可识别出CRC患者中肿瘤具有高侵袭性的群体,从而有助于改善术后辅助治疗决策,提高患者预后。     

血清肿瘤标志物对胃癌患者术后复发转移的预测价值及影响因素分析

目的 探讨癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原(CA)19-9及CA72-4血清肿瘤标志物对胃癌患者术后复发转移的预测价值及影响因素分析.方法 检测170例胃癌患者的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(AUC)评估CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4对胃癌患者术后复发转移的预测价值;胃癌患者术后复发转移的危险因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 不同TNM分期胃癌患者血清CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),胃癌患者的TNM分期越晚,血清CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平越高,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).ROC曲线显示,CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平预测胃癌患者术后复发转移的AUC分别为0.830、0.683、0.725,cut-off值分别为51.62μg/L、69.38 U/ml、26.67 U/ml.截至随访终点,170例胃癌患者中,复发转移75例,未复发转移95例,复发转移率为44.12％,依据复发转移情况,将所有胃癌患者分为复发转移组(n=75)和未复发转移组(n=95),复发转移组和未复发转移组患者年龄、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、浸润深度、脉管癌栓、术后辅助治疗情况、CEA水平、CA19-9水平、CA72-4水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).Logistic回归分析结果显示,浸润深度达浆膜层、TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、合并脉管癌栓、未接受术后辅助治疗、CEA≥51.62μg/L、CA19-9≥69.38 U/ml、CA72-4≥26.67 U/ml均是胃癌患者术后复发转移的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05).结论 CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平与肿瘤细胞浸润转移有关,可用于临床预测胃癌患者术后复发转移情况,筛选高危人群.     

常用血清肿瘤标志物在可手术肺癌患者预后中的价值

目的 探讨血清CEA、CA125、CA199、NSE、CYFRA21-1和SCC-Ag水平在评估非小细胞肺癌根治手术后的预后价值,以期合理选择术前的检验指标。方法 收集1 851例行肺癌根治手术的患者术前血清肿瘤标志物的检验值、临床病理和随访信息,进行差异及生存分析。结果 CEA、CA125、CA199、CYFRA21-1和SCC-Ag的阳性率在不同病理分期中差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,Ⅱ和Ⅲ期的患者阳性率明显高于Ⅰ期患者,而NSE差异无统计学意义（P=0.743）。CEA、CA125、CA199、CYFRA21-1阴性组患者的生存率显著高于阳性组（P<0.05）。NSE阴性的患者远期生存率劣于阳性组患者（P=0.033）。SCC-Ag阳性与阴性患者的远期生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.072）。Cox回归比例风险模型分析发现CEA（HR=1.572, 95%CI: 1.117~2.214, P=0.010）、CA125（HR=2.464, 95%CI:1.610~3.772, P<0.001）和CYFRA21-1（HR=1.445, 95%CI: 1.044~2.000, P=0.027）是评价非小细胞肺癌手术预后的独立危险因素。结论 CEA、CA125和CYFRA21-1在评价非小细胞肺癌手术预后方面有良好的应用价值,而CA199、NSE和SCC-Ag等指标价值有限。     

AAP蛋白表达对大肠癌术后复发转移风险的预测价值

目的:本研究旨在通过检测大肠癌患者组织和外周血中Anchor Attachment蛋白(anchor attachment protein,AAP)的表达对大肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)术后复发转移风险的预测价值及临床意义。方法:选取2013年1月至2013年12月武汉市第五医院收治的大肠癌患者107例,均行手术治疗,经病理组织学检查证实。采用免疫组织化学判定AAP阳性表达;ELISA法检测静脉血AAP水平;应用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计学分析,以复发转移为因变量将单因素分析中有统计学意义的影响因素带入Logistic回归模型中进行多因素分析。结果:AAP在大肠癌原发灶中阳性表达率均高于正常肠黏膜组织;此外,AAP阳性表达及其血清水平与性别、年龄、肿瘤位置和肿瘤最大直径均无关(P＞0.05),与远处转移、淋巴结转移、分化程度、Dukes分期、浸润深度和TNM分期均密切相关(P＜0.05);AAP表达及其血清水平与大肠癌患者术后3年发生局部复发、远处转移和复发转移有关(P＜0.05),AAP表达为阳性的大肠癌患者根治术后复发转移的中位时间明显短于AAP表达阴性的大肠癌患者(P＜0.05),Logistic回归分析结果显示大肠癌的组织分化和Dukes分期是大肠癌术后复发转移的危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论:AAP的表达与大肠癌复发和转移密切相关,对预测和判断大肠癌术后复发转移有重要意义和研究价值。     

影响Ⅱ、Ⅲ期结直肠癌术后复发或转移的临床因素分析

目的探讨Ⅱ、Ⅲ期结直肠癌（CRC）患者临床病理特征及其与术后复发或转移的关系。方法纳入2017年12月至2018年12月云南省肿瘤医院结直肠外科收治行根治性手术治疗的CRC患者150例（经术后病理确诊为Ⅱ、Ⅲ期），分析术后出现复发或转移与临床病理特征的相关性。结果150例患者有44例出现复发或转移。分化程度（χ2=9.554，P=0.002）、N分期（χ2=6.724，P=0.035）、CD45+CD3+（χ2=6.194，P=0.045）、CIK细胞比率（χ2=5.624，P=0.018）与Ⅱ、Ⅲ期CRC患者术后出现复发或转移有关。Ⅱ期CRC患者术前外周血CD3+T细胞、CD8+T细胞比率低于Ⅲ期患者（P=0.019，P=0.012）。Cox回归分析显示，N分期、CA19 9是Ⅱ、Ⅲ期CRC患者术后复发或转移的危险因素。结论Ⅱ、Ⅲ期CRC患者的分化程度、N分期、免疫功能与术后复发或转移密切相关，联合监测肿瘤标志物、病理分期与外周血淋巴细胞亚群有助于评估CRC患者免疫状态及术后复发或转移。     

血清肿瘤标志物联合检测在非小细胞肺癌脑转移诊疗中的价值

目的 探讨血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对非小细肺癌脑转移诊疗的价值.方法 选取148例非小细胞肺癌患者,分为转移组47例、未转移组101例,选取48例健康体检者为对照组.比较3组血清CEA、CA199、CA125、CY21-1水平及在肺癌脑转移诊断中的ROC曲线.结果 转移组、未转移组CEA、CA199、CA125、CY21-1水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);转移组CEA水平高于未转移组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清CEA敏感度、特异性均高于CA199、CA125、CY21-1,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后转移组治疗有效者各项指标水平均低于治疗前,进展者各项指标水平均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);稳定者各项指标水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后有效者各项指标水平低于稳定者和进展者,稳定者各项指标水平低于进展者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 血清CEA、CA199、CA125、CY21-1联合检测,特别是CEA检测水平,有助于肺癌脑转移的早期诊断、指导治疗和预后评估,CEA水平＞10.00 μg/ml可作为1种较为理想的分界点.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia, myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives, and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P less than 0.05). Similarly, relatives of decreased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P less than 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P less than 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P less than 0.001). The opinions of patients were similar to those of their relatives. However, the relatives of leukemia patients were even more satisfied with the contact with the medical staff than the patients themselves (P less than 0.05). As many as 10-30% of the relatives never gave up hope for their relative's survival. Only two out of 27 deaths were considered not dignified. The lung carcinoma patients reported a less good quality of life (P less than 0.001), and less satisfaction with the information given (P less than 0.01), than the hematological patients from the same year. Similarly, their attitude to the medical care improved less (P less than 0.01), and they were less content with the general care than the leukemia group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)