新型气体信号分子硫化氢对低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨新型气体信号分子硫化氢(H2S)对低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的调节作用.方法:24只Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组(8只)、低氧组(8只)和低氧 NaHS组(8只).以化学分光光度法测定血浆H2S含量;采用原位缺口末端标记方法(TUNEL)检测大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞的凋亡,并行图像分析计算单位面积细胞凋亡率;采用免疫组织化学方法检测肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Fas和caspase-3表达,并进行定位和半定量分析.结果:低氧组与对照组比较,低氧组大鼠血浆中H2S含量下降36%,应用TUNEL检测肺动脉平滑肌细胞单位面积凋亡率减少52.9%,肺动脉平滑肌细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达增高123.9%,Fas蛋白表达减弱45%,caspase-3表达与对照组差异无显著性;低氧组与低氧 NaHS组比较,低氧 NaHS组大鼠血浆中H2S含量升高65%,应用TUNEL检测到肺动脉平滑肌细胞单位面积凋亡率较低氧组增高62.5%,肺动脉平滑肌细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达减弱36.4%,Fas和caspase-3蛋白表达分别增高84.8%、34.5%;结论:低氧时肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡减少,H2S可能通过抑制肺动脉平滑肌细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达、增加Fas和caspase-3蛋白表达,促进低氧时肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡.     

二乙碳酰氨嗪对野百合碱所致大鼠肺动脉高压的保护作用

目的 研究二乙碳酰氨嗪(DEC)对野百合碱所致大鼠肺动脉高压的保护作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、DEC组,每组各10只。除正常组外,各组均通过腹腔注射60mg/kg野百合碱诱导肺动脉高压模型。DEC组腹腔注射35mg/(kg·d) DEC,正常组和模型组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠注射液,连续给药28天。测定右心室收缩压(RVSP)和肺动脉压(PAP),计算右心室肥厚指数(RVHI)。取肺组织行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、α-SMA免疫组化染色和TUNEL染色以观察其肺小动脉组织形态学改变,肺动脉肌化水平和肺血管平滑肌细胞的凋亡情况。蛋白免疫印迹法检测肺组织中FADD、caspase-8、Bax和Bcl-2等蛋白的表达变化。结果 模型组RVSP、PAP和RVSI显著高于正常组,而DEC的治疗可以显著降低RVSP、PAP和RVSI值(P＜0.05)。HE染色结果显示,DEC可减轻PAH模型大鼠肺动脉内膜增生,显著降低MT%,同时减少肺组织炎性细胞浸润(P＜0.05)。α-SMA免疫组化染色结果显示,DEC有效降低MCT诱导的肺动脉肌化程度,显著提高无肌化肺动脉所占比例(P＜0.05)。MCT诱导能显著降低肺动脉壁的TUNEL阳性率,而DEC治疗可以显著提高其凋亡水平(P＜0.05)。蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,DEC能显著提高因MCT诱导而降低的FADD、caspase-8和Bax等凋亡蛋白的表达水平,同时下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达(P＜0.05)。结论 DEC通过调节凋亡相关通路蛋白明显改善PAH大鼠的肺动脉重塑,可成为PAH临床治疗的理想候选药物。     

L-精氨酸调节大鼠低氧性肺血管结构重建与肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡

目的:探讨L-精氨酸(L-arginine,L-Arg)对低氧性肺血管结构重建大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制.方法:将17只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(n=7)、低氧组(n=5)和低氧+L-Arg组(n=5).对大鼠肺血管进行显微形态学观测.通过末端转移酶介导的dUTP切口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡,并以免疫组织化学方法研究肺动脉平滑肌细胞Fas表达.结果:低氧2周后出现大鼠肺血管结构重建.同时,肺中、小型动脉凋亡平滑肌细胞百分数均明显低于对照组(P均＜0.05),平滑肌细胞Fas表达明显降低.然而,L-Arg缓解了低氧性肺血管结构重建的形成.低氧+L-Arg组大鼠肺中、小型动脉凋亡平滑肌细胞百分数均明显高于低氧组(P均＜0.05).L-Arg使低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞Fas表达明显增强.结论:L-Arg通过使肺动脉平滑肌细胞Fas表达上调,促进肺动脉平滑肌细胞的凋亡,从而对低氧性肺血管结构重建有重要的调节作用.     

水飞蓟素对野百合碱诱发肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构的保护作用

目的探讨水飞蓟素对野百合碱(MCT)诱发肺动脉高压大鼠模型肺血管重构的保护作用及机制。方法 24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(C组)、MCT诱发肺动脉高压模型组(M组)、水飞蓟素治疗组(S组),每组8只。28d后,右心导管法测量各组右心室收缩压(RVSP),称量法计算右心室肥大指数(RVHI),HE染色和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)免疫组织化学染色观察肺血管重构,TUNEL法检测肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡,RT-PCR法行肺组织Fas mRNA半定量检测。结果与M组比较,S组RVSP、RVHI、α-SMA表达均降低(P<0.01),肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡稍升高,肺组织Fas mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。结论水飞蓟素对野百合碱诱发肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构具有保护作用。     

Notch1干扰对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠肺组织中细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究

目的探讨缺口受体-1（Notch1）干扰对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）大鼠肺组织中细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。方法18只SPF级雄性大鼠按照随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组和干扰组,每组6只。制备COPD大鼠模型。造模前1天干扰组大鼠尾静脉注射1mLNotch1干扰腺病毒（3×109pfu/mL）,对照组和模型组注射等体积0.9%氯化钠注射液。HE染色观察大鼠肺组织病理形态变化并测定半定量评分;测定肺血管壁厚度;Tunel染色检测肺组织中细胞凋亡情况;使用活性氧（ROS）检测试剂盒测定肺组织ROS水平;采用Westernblot法测定肺组织Notch1、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）和半胱氨酸蛋白酶（Caspase）-3蛋白表达。结果与模型组相比,干扰组大鼠肺组织半定量评分显著下降（P＜0.01）,管壁厚度占外径的百分比和管壁面积占血管总面积的百分比均显著降低（均P＜0.01）,Tunel染色阳性细胞凋亡率显著下降（P＜0.01）,肺组织中ROS水平显著降低（P＜0.01）,Notch1和Caspase-3蛋白表达灰度值均显著降低（均P＜0.01）,Bcl-2蛋白表达灰度值显著升高（P＜0.01）。结论Notch1干扰可减少COPD大鼠肺组织的细胞凋亡,下调ROS水平,下调Notch1和Caspase-3蛋白表达及上调Bcl-2蛋白表达。     

大鼠脑创伤后ERK信号转导通路对神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨细胞外调节激酶（ERK）信号转导机制对大鼠脑创伤后神经细胞凋亡的作用。方法建立重型弥漫性脑损伤（TMI）模型,70只雄性SD大鼠分为创伤组和对照组,其中创伤组分为伤后10、30 min、3、6、24、48、72 h 7个时相点,采用免疫组化法检测细胞凋亡相关基因ERK、caspase-3的表达,原位末端标记（TUNEL）法检测细胞凋亡。结果创伤组海马CA1区P-ERK1/2和caspase-3蛋白表达在伤后3 h较对照组显著升高（P〈0.05）,伤后6 h达高峰（P〈0.01）,后逐渐下降,P-ERK1/2在伤后24 h表达量仍明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,caspase-3在伤后72 h仍有大量表达;镜下对照组未见TUNEL阳性细胞,创伤组在伤后3 h凋亡细胞数明显增多,伤后48 h达高峰,均显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论大鼠脑创伤后ERK信号转导通路激活,可能通过诱导caspase-3蛋白表达,进而导致神经细胞凋亡。     

瑞舒伐他汀对肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡影响的实验研究

目的观察瑞舒伐他汀对左向右分流肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构、肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡以及bcl-2蛋白表达的影响,研究瑞舒伐他汀拮抗肺高血流性肺动脉高压的可能机制。方法 36只SD大鼠随机分为分流给药组、分流组、对照组,观察各组大鼠平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、右室肥厚指数(RVI)、肺小动脉中膜厚度百分比(WT)、肺小动脉管壁面积百分比(WA)的变化,TUNEL法检测大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡情况,Western Blot法检测大鼠肺组织中凋亡抑制蛋白bcl-2的表达情况。结果分流给药组较分流组大鼠mPAP、RVI、WT、WA值均有所下降,分流给药组大鼠凋亡的肺动脉平滑肌细胞明显增多,而bcl-2蛋白的表达减弱。结论瑞舒伐他汀能明显抑制肺高血流性模型大鼠肺动脉压力升高及肺血管重构,而抑制大鼠肺组织中bcl-2蛋白的表达,促进肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡是其可能的机制。     

氯沙坦钾通过调控ACE2对慢性香烟烟雾诱导的大鼠肺动脉重构的治疗作用

目的：观察慢性香烟烟雾诱导大鼠肺动脉高压的形成,探讨氯沙坦钾通过调控血管紧张素转换酶2（angiotension con－verting enzyme,ACE2）的表达对大鼠肺动脉高压的治疗作用。方法：将健康雄性SD大鼠48只按析因设计分为对照组、对照+氯沙坦钾组、香烟暴露组和香烟暴露+氯沙坦钾组。香烟暴露组和香烟暴露+氯沙坦钾组大鼠在标准毒理香烟暴露箱中接受被动吸烟,对照组和对照+氯沙坦钾组同时在同种毒理箱中暴露于新鲜空气。氯沙坦钾给药采用每天腹腔内注射,正常对照组给等量生理盐水注射。建立香烟诱导的肺动脉高压大鼠模型后,用插入导管法检测右室收缩压（right ventricular systolic pressures,RVSP）;图像分析法观察肺结构变化;放射免疫法检测大鼠肺组织血管紧张素Ⅱ（angiotensin Ⅱ,AngⅡ）水平;Western blot分析法检测ACE2的蛋白表达;进一步给予氯沙坦钾干预后检测其对大鼠肺动脉高压的治疗作用。结果：香烟暴露6个月后,香烟暴露组大鼠RVSP升高,肺动脉内膜增生、肺动脉壁明显增厚,管腔狭窄;与对照组相比,肺组织匀桨中AngⅡ含量较对照组明显升高（P＜0.05）;Western blot法检测肺组织ACE2的蛋白表达水平降低（P＜0.05）;给予氯沙坦钾干预后,香烟暴露+氯沙坦钾组大鼠肺小动脉重构程度改善,RVSP降低,肺组织AngⅡ含量减少,ACE2蛋白表达增加（P＜0.05）。结论：慢性香烟烟雾可诱导肺小动脉重构,甚至肺动脉高压,还可刺激肺组织AngⅡ水平升高和ACE2的蛋白表达减弱。氯沙坦钾通过促使ACE2蛋白表达增加而改善肺动脉高压病程中肺小动脉的重构。氯沙坦钾使ACE2表达升高可能是其对肺动脉高压病程中肺小动脉重构作用机制的一部分。     

Smad信号通路及CTGF在依那普利抑制高肺血流性肺动脉高压形成中的作用机制

目的 观察依那普利对大鼠高肺血流性肺动脉高压形成的抑制作用,并探讨Smad信号通路及结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)在依那普利抑制肺动脉高压形成中的作用机制。方法 45只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、分流组和依那普利干预组,每组15只。各组于第8周测量右心室平均收缩压(RVSP)、右心肥厚指数(RVHI),HE染色观察肺动脉形态学改变,计算WT%及WA%。分别采用免疫组化法、Western blot及RT PCR法测量各组大鼠肺动脉平滑肌中Smad7、CTGF蛋白的表达及Smad7 、CTGFmRNA的表达情况。结果 与对照组相比,分流组大鼠肺动脉管壁明显增厚、狭窄,RVSP、RVHI及WT％、WA%增高(P均＜0.01),Smad7表达减弱(P＜0.01),Smad7mRNA表达减低(P＜0.01);CTGF表达增强(P＜0.01),且CTGFmRNA表达也相应增加(P＜0.01)。与分流组相比,应用依那普利干预后8周大鼠肺动脉管壁增厚、狭窄程度显著减轻,RVSP、RVHI及WT％、WA%明显降低(P＜0.01),Smad7(P＜0.05)及Smad7mRNA(P＜0.01)表达增高;CTGF(P＜0.05)及CTGFmRNA(P＜0.01)表达降低。结论 依那普利可以通过影响大鼠肺动脉平滑肌中Smad7、CTGF表达而起到抑制高肺血流性肺动脉高压形成的作用。     

姜黄素通过NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β轴对低氧性肺动脉高压的干预作用

目的：探讨姜黄素对低氧性肺动脉高压（HPH）的作用及其机制。方法：同时研究肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs）和SD大鼠肺组织,PASMCs和SD大鼠都设置为常氧组（N）、低氧组（H）、低氧+姜黄素组（HC）3组。CCK-8法测3组PASMCs细胞活力,Western blot法检测3组PASMCs和肺匀浆中NLRP3、Caspase-1及IL-1β蛋白表达差异。血流动力学检测3组大鼠的平均肺动脉压（mPAP）及右心肥大程度,HE染色观察3组大鼠肺血管重塑程度。结果：与N组比,H组PASMCs的数量有明显增加（P＜0.05）,H组PASMCs和肺匀浆中NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达均上升（均P＜0.05）,H组大鼠的mPAP及右心肥大指数明显升高（均P＜0.05）,发生明显肺血管重塑;与H组比,HC组PASMCs的数量明显降低（P＜0.05）,PASMCs和肺匀浆中NLRP3、Cas-pase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达均下降（均P＜0.05）,HC组大鼠的mPAP及右心肥大指数明显降低（均P＜0.05）,肺血管重塑改善。结论：姜黄素可能通过抑制NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β轴,改善低氧PASMCs异常增殖、HPH大鼠肺血管重塑和右心肥大,降低肺动脉压力。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.