Association of Sleep Duration with Arterial Blood Pressure Profile of Gujarati Indian Adolescents

Background and Aim:

Recently, National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey-1 data analysis found short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension in the U.S. population. However, since ethnic differences exist in the aetiopathogenesis of diseases, the current study was undertaken to study the effect of sleep duration on the blood pressure profile of Gujarati Indian adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 489 Gujarati Indian adolescents of age group 16-19 years studying in school and colleges in the local population. The participants were assessed for their sleep duration, physical activity status, body composition, blood pressure profile and cardiovascular reactivity. The sleep duration was reported by the subjects as the number of hours they slept on most of the nights in a week over the last one year. The observations of the study were then analyzed after grouping them into: 1) Adequate Sleep Duration at Night, ASDN (≥7 hrs) and 2) Inadequate Sleep Duration at Night, ISDN (<7 hrs) groups. Student''s unpaired t-test was used to study if any significant difference (P< 0.05) existed between the groups.

Results:

No significant difference was found in Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Pulse pressure and Mean arterial pressure between the ASDN group and the ISDN group. Physical activity status also did not differ between the two groups. However, adolescents of ISDN group showed a significantly higher level of adiposity and cardiovascular reactivity as compared to adolescents of ASDN group.

Conclusion:

Although short sleep duration is associated with a higher level of adiposity and cardiovascular reactivity in Gujarati Indian adolescents, it does not affect the resting blood pressure profile of these adolescents. However, longitudinal studies would be required to observe if the changes in adiposity and cardiovascular reactivity affect these adolescents in later life.     

Sleep Deprivation Predisposes Gujarati Indian Adolescents to Obesity

Background and Aim:

Recent studies on various populations indicate that lack of sleep is one of the potential risk factors predisposing the youth to obesity. Since there is a significant rise in obesity among Indian youth and because research indicating the role of sleep in development of obesity among Indian population is scant, the current study was undertaken to assess the effect of sleep duration on adiposity among Gujarati Indian adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized cross-sectional study was done on 489 voluntarily participating Indian adolescents in the age group of 16-19 years. Participants were grouped into two categories 1). Adequate Sleep Duration at Night (more than seven hours, ASDN) and 2) Inadequate Sleep Duration at Night (less than seven hours, IASDN) as reported by the participants. The participants were later assessed for adiposity in terms of BMI, BF %, FM, FMI and waist circumference, meal frequency per day and physical activity status.

Results:

In both boys as well as girls, the BMI, BF%, FM and FMI were significantly lower in the ASDN group than the IASDN group. However, there was an insignificant difference in the meal frequency and physical activity status between the ASDN and IASDN group.

Conclusion:

Inadequate sleep duration increases adiposity among Gujarati Indian adolescents but further studies are required to find out the mechanisms through which sleep affects adiposity in this population.     

高血压病患者脉压与脑卒中的相关性研究

目的探讨脉压与脑卒中的相关性。方法回顾性分析188例高血压性脑卒中患者,按病变性质分为脑出血组110例和脑梗塞组78例,对照组57例为非脑卒中高血压患者,比较分析不同年龄高血压病患者脉压异常情况。结果①脉压在脑卒中组与对照组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),脑出血组和脑梗塞组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。②随着年龄增大,脉压大于70mmHg(1mmHg=133.322Pa)异常率在各年龄组之间均逐渐增加,存在一定的正相关系。结论脉压差增大是高血压病患者发生脑卒中的危险因素。防治高血压时需注意脉压差的变化。     

中医脉象仪加压检测方法的研究初探

目的：探讨压力式脉象传感器正向加压法和反向加压法两种脉象检测方法对于测试结果的影响。方法：利用ZM-Ⅲc型脉象仪对于同一组受试者分别进行反向加压与正向加压两种方法进行操作测试,通过对两种不同方法下所加压力漂移值大小的对比,以及最佳取脉压力下各脉图参数的对比,比较两种方法的优劣。结果：正向加压法和反向加压法所产生的压力漂移值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两种方法最佳取脉压力下,各幅值参数除去h1外,其余P值均大于0.05,差异无统计学意义;脉象主峰波h1测量结果有影响（P〈0.05）;两种测量方法下脉搏波时间参数的变化情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：反向加压测试方法更稳定,有利于脉象测量结果的正确性。     

Comparison of Pulmonary Function and Inflammation in Children/Adolescents with New-Onset Asthma with Different Adiposity Statuses

(1) Background: The relationship between obesity and asthma is still uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of overweight/obesity on the pulmonary function of patients with new-onset pediatric asthma and explore the possible causative factors related to concomitant obesity and asthma. (2) Methods: Patients aged 5 to 17 years old with newly diagnosed mild to moderate asthma were recruited from June 2018 to May 2019, from a respiratory clinic in Shanghai, China. Participants were categorized into three groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese asthma. A family history of atopy and patients’ personal allergic diseases were recorded. Pulmonary function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eosinophils, serum-specific immunoglobulins E (sIgE), serum total IgE (tIgE), and serum inflammatory biomarkers (adiponectin, leptin, Type 1 helper T, and Type 2 helper T cytokines) were tested in all participants. (3) Results: A total of 407 asthma patients (197 normal weight, 92 overweight, and 118 obese) were enrolled. There was a reduction in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC%, and FEF25–75% in the overweight/obese groups. No difference was found between the study groups in the main allergy characteristics. Leptin levels were higher while adiponectin was lower in asthmatics with obesity. Higher levels of IL-16 were found in overweight/obese asthmatic individuals than in normal-weight individuals. (4) Conclusions: Obesity may have an effect on impaired pulmonary function. While atopic inflammation plays an important role in the onset of asthma, nonatopic inflammation (including leptin and adiponectin) increases the severity of asthma in overweight/obese patients. The significance of different levels of IL-16 between groups needs to be further studied.     

男性青少年性别角色冲突与心理亚健康关系

目的 了解男性青少年性别角色冲突和心理亚健康状况,探讨性别角色冲突对心理亚健康的影响,为制定预防和干预男性青少年心理亚健康的措施提供参考。方法 于2014年4-6月采用男性青少年性别角色冲突问卷和心理亚健康问卷对四川省成都市和绵阳市的809名男性青少年进行问卷调查,运用逐步回归分析法探讨男性青少年性别角色冲突对心理亚健康的影响。结果 男性青少年心理亚健康状况检出率为34.4%;男性青少年性别角色冲突中对成功和成就的需求、限制性情感表达、同性间限制性亲密行为、工作学业与家庭的冲突、父母期待得分分别为(12.20±4.59)、(18.28±6.63)、(17.08±6.62)、(14.99±6.29)、(24.38±8.54)分;男性青少年性别角色冲突各维度与心理亚健康均呈明显正相关;逐步回归分析结果显示,对成功和成就的需求、限制性情感表达、同性间限制性亲密行为和工作学业与家庭的冲突、父母期待5个因子能够解释11.10%的心理亚健康变异量。结论 男性青少年性别角色冲突对心理亚健康有一定的预测作用。     

不同性别儿童青少年精神障碍与父母教养方式关系

目的 了解父母教养方式对不同性别儿童青少年精神障碍的影响。方法 于2009年采用精神发育与健康状况评定问卷(DAWBA)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和自拟调查表对辽宁省8488名中小学学生进行调查。结果 男生精神障碍患病率为7.99%,女生精神障碍患病率为10.82%;男生抑郁障碍、多动障碍与父亲的情感温暖、理解因子相关,焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍、对立反抗性障碍与母亲的情感温暖、理解因子相关,多动障碍与母亲过分干涉因子相关,多动障碍、对立反抗性障碍与父亲拒绝、否认因子相关,焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍和多动障碍与父亲过度保护因子相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);女生抑郁障碍、多动障碍和对立反抗性障碍与父、母亲的情感温暖、理解因子相关,焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍和多动障碍与母亲过分干涉保护因子相关,抑郁障碍、多动障碍与父亲拒绝、否认因子相关,抑郁障碍和多动障碍与父亲过度保护因子相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 父母教养方式对儿童青少年的精神健康起重要作用。     

子痫前期患者脉压与蛋白尿相关性分析

目的：探讨子痫前期患者脉压与蛋白尿的相关性。方法：按脉压高低将子痫前期患者分为脉压≤40mmHg、41～80mmHg、〉80mmHg三组,比较各组蛋白尿的发生率。结果：三组间的收缩压、舒张压、蛋白尿发生率,24h尿蛋白浓度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;SBP、DBP、平均动脉压和脉压与24h尿蛋白量的β值分别为0.425、0.331、0.357和0.486（P〈0.05）。结论：脉压对尿蛋白的发生率有明显影响,临床上在治疗子痫前期患者时,不但要降低收缩压和舒张压,还要降低脉压,只有这样才能使肾脏的损伤程度减轻。     

Breastfeeding Duration and High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study of Seven Provinces in China

This study was aimed to investigate the associations between breastfeeding duration and blood pressure (BP) levels, BP Z scores and high BP (HBP) in children and adolescents. A total of 57,201 participants including 29,491 boys and 27,710 girls aged 7–18 years were recruited from seven provinces in China in 2012. HBP was defined as BP levels of ≥95th percentiles of the referent age-, sex-, and height-specific population. Breastfeeding duration was divided into non-breastfeeding, 0–5 months, 6–12 months, and >12 months. Information on demographic, parental or family factors and dietary behaviors was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to assess the relationships of breastfeeding duration with BP levels and BP Z scores and with HBP, respectively. Stratified analyses were performed to further investigate the potential subgroup-specific associations. The reported prolonged breastfeeding (>12 months) rate was 22.53% in the total population. After full adjustment, compared to the non-breastfeeding group, breastfeeding for 6–12 months was correlated with 0.43 (95% CI: −0.75, −0.11) and 0.36 (95% CI: −0.61, −0.12) mmHg lower levels of SBP and DBP, respectively. Similar decrease trends were found for BP Z scores. Prolonged breastfeeding (>12 months) was associated with 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.58) and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.33) higher odds of HBP in boys and girls, respectively. Based on nationally representative data, there was no evidence that a longer duration of breastfeeding is protective against childhood HBP. Breastfeeding for 6–12 months may be beneficial to BP, while prolonged breastfeeding durations might increase the odds of HBP in children and adolescents.     

适用于脉搏波传导时间测血压准确性研究的多信号采集系统

目的：设计一种可用于脉搏波传导时间法测量血压准确性研究的多信号采集系统。方法：分析可能影响准确性的几方面因素,设计可采集多参数的系统及可用于个性化校正的模块,可与DSP运算模块无缝连接的数据接口等结果：分别采用2种测量方法测量脉搏波传导时间,20人次的测量实验表明,多参数信号质量较好,经过软件简单滤波后即可准确定位各特征点,便于计算脉搏波传导时间,进行算法研究。采集系统可与DSP运算模块无缝连接构建实验平台。结论：适用于脉搏波传导时间研究的多信号采集系统可用于脉搏波传导时间法测量血压准确性的研究     

蒙古族人群炎症标志物与平均动脉压及脉压关系

目的 探讨蒙古族人群炎症标志物C-反应蛋白（CRP）、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）和E-选择素与平均动脉压（MAP）及脉压（PP）的关系。方法 整群抽取内蒙古自治区科左后旗和奈曼旗2个乡共2 589名年龄≥20岁的蒙古族居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测包括CRP、ICAM-1、E-选择素及其他生化指标,按调查对象MAP及PP的第75百分位数为界分为MAP升高组（>108 mmHg）和正常组（≤108 mmHg）,PP升高组（>50 mmHg）和正常组（≤50 mmHg）,采用logistic回归分析炎症标志物与MAP和PP升高的关系。结果 MAP升高组的CRP和ICAM-1水平分别为（12.01±10.65）mg/L和（344.28±97.45）μg/L,均高于MAP正常组的（8.42±8.50）mg/L 和（323.73±97.55）μg/L,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）;PP升高组的CRP 和ICAM-1水平分别为（11.34±10.83）mg/L和（342.97±97.54）μg/L,均高于PP正常组的（8.66±8.54）mg/L和（324.39±97.63）μg/L,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,与CRP最低四分位者比较,最高四分位者MAP升高的OR（95%CI）为1.37（1.01~1.90）;与ICAM-1最低四分位者比较,最高四分位者PP升高的OR（95%CI）为1.38（1.03~1.85）。结论 在蒙古族人群中CRP水平与MAP呈正相关,ICAM-1水平与PP呈正相关。     

Association of Dietary Patterns with Weight Status and Metabolic Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents

Unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with obesity in children and adolescents. However, few studies have investigated the relationships between dietary patterns and obesity-related metabolic disorders among Asians. We identified dietary patterns in children and adolescents and examined the associations between these patterns and obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in South Korea. This study is a cross-sectional design. We used baseline data from an intervention study of 435 Korean children and adolescents aged 6–17 years. Insulin resistance was assessed as HOMA-IR ≥ 2.6. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering. Dietary intakes were estimated using 3-day food records. Factor analysis was used to obtain dietary patterns, and we examined the associations between dietary patterns and obesity-related markers adjusted for potential covariates. Three dietary patterns were identified as fast food and soda (FFS), white rice and kimchi (WRK), and oil and seasoned vegetable (OSV) patterns. Compared with participants in the lower intake of FFS pattern, those in the top intake were associated with a higher waist circumference (WC) (β = 1.55), insulin level (β = 1.25), and body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.53) and it was positively associated with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.6 (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.227–3.638) (p < 0.05). WRK pattern was associated with lower weight and higher HDL cholesterol, and the OSV pattern was associated with a lower weight, WC, and insulin level (p < 0.05). The FFS pattern showed a positive relation with WC, serum insulin, and BMI, and the other two dietary patterns indicated a preventive effect of those parameters. The FFS pattern was associated with significantly elevated insulin resistance among children and adolescents.     

Association of Dietary Sugars and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake with Obesity in Korean Children and Adolescents

Few studies have examined the association between dietary sugar intake and obesity in Asian children and adolescents. We evaluated the association of dietary sugar intake and its food source with obesity in Korean children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional analysis, data were obtained from five studies conducted between 2002 and 2011. The study included 2599 children and adolescents who had completed more than three days of dietary records and had anthropometric data. Total sugar intake was higher in girls than in boys (54.3 g for girls and 46.6 g for boys, p < 0.0001). Sugar intake from milk and fruits was inversely associated with overweight or obesity in girls only (OR for overweight, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32–0.84; p for trend = 0.0246 and OR for obesity, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.79; p for trend = 0.0113). Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption was not associated with obesity in girls, while boys had lower odds ratios for obesity (OR for obesity, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.26–1.05; p for trend = 0.0310). These results suggest that total sugars and SSB intake in Asian children and adolescents remains relatively low and sugar intake from milk and fruits is associated with a decreased risk of overweight or obesity, especially in girls.     

老年高血压患者脉压和动脉弹性的临床研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者脉压与动脉弹性功能的相关性。方法对195例老年高血压患者和205例健康人员进行脉压和脉搏波速度（PWV）检测。结果高血压组与对照组比较,脉压、P、W差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）结论脉压与PWV密切相关．脉压与PWV不仅为动脉血管损伤的预测指标,而且可预测动脉功能的损伤程度。     

Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) Intake and Pulse Pressure as a Measure of Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults

This study examined the relationships among ethnicity/race, lifestyle factors, phylloquinone (vitamin K₁) intake, and arterial pulse pressure in a nationally representative sample of older adults from four ethnic/racial groups: non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Mexican Americans, and other Hispanics. This was a cross-sectional study of U.S. representative sample with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007–2008 and 2009–2010 of adults aged 50 years and older (N = 5296). Vitamin K intake was determined by 24-hour recall. Pulse pressure was calculated as the difference between the averages of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Compared to White non-Hispanics, the other ethnic/racial groups were more likely to have inadequate vitamin K₁ intake. Inadequate vitamin K₁ intake was an independent predictor of high arterial pulse pressure. This was the first study that compared vitamin K₁ inadequacy with arterial pulse pressure across ethnicities/races in U.S. older adults. These findings suggest that vitamin K screening may be a beneficial marker for the health of older adults.     

降压达标高血压病患者胰岛素样生长因子-1与踝-臂脉搏波传导速度的变化

目的探讨高血压病患者给予苯磺酸氨氯地平片及替米沙坦片联合降压治疗前后血清胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）,踝一臂脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）变化及血压达标对后两者的影响。方法68例高血压痛患者苯磺酸氨氯地平片及替米沙坦片联合降压治疗24周前后,测定血压、空腹血糖（FBS）、血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、血肌酐（cr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、肝功能、血清IGF-1（酶联免疫吸附法）及baPWV。结果①高血压3级患者的IGF-1水平与baPWV较高血压1级明显增高（P＜O．05）;②高血压病患者治疗前后血清IGF-1水平与baPWV呈正相关（治疗前r^5=0．506,治疗后r^5=0．492,均P＜0．05）;③联合降压治疗24周后血清IGF-1及baPWV水平较治疗前均显著降低（均P＜0．05）,且血压控制达标患者的IGF-1与baPWV的水平较未达标者降低更明显（P＜0．05）。结论苯磺酸氨氯地平与替米沙坦联合降压治疗能显著下调高血压病患者的IGF-1水平并降低baPWV,且降压治疗达标者的IGF-1及baPW-V降低更显著。     

CVHI积分和血压水平与脑卒中发病关系

目的了解脑血管血液动力学积分（CVHI）和血压水平与脑卒中发病的关系,为脑卒中的预防控制提供参考依据。方法采用队列研究方法,整群抽取上海市奉贤区某镇10 565名>40岁常住居民进行问卷调查、CVHI检测和血压测量,并按CVHI积分情况和血压水平进行分组,比较不同CVHI积分组、血压组人群脑卒中的发病风险。结果上海市奉贤区某镇调查的10 565名>40岁常住居民中,发生脑卒中（脑出血+脑梗死）者191例,发病率为1.81%;CVHI积分≥75、50~74、25~49、0~24分组居民脑卒中的发病率分别为0.68%、2.46%、5.25%、8.22%,脑卒中的发病率随CVHI积分的降低呈升高趋势（χ_趋势²=271.155,P<0.001）;对照组、高压病史组、Ⅰ期高血压组、Ⅱ期高血压组、Ⅲ期高血压组居民脑卒中的发病率分别为0.98%、2.52%、2.79%、6.42%、3.30%,脑卒中的发病率随血压水平的增高呈升高趋势（χ_趋势²=74.432,P<0.001）。结论脑卒中发病风险随着CVHI积分的降低和血压水平的增高而升高。     

不同滴速的甘露醇对高眼压患者的影响

目的：探讨在不同滴速下静脉输注甘露醇对高眼压患者眼压、血压、脉搏及主观感觉的影响。方法：选取本科住院的高眼压患者92例,按输液时间次序分为三组,并给予三种不同的输液速度,A组（6 mL/min）,B组（10 mL/min）,C组（前10 min 6 mL/min后更改为10 mL/min）。测量各组患者输液前和输液后1 h的患眼眼压、血压、脉搏结果,并进行比较;观察并比较其主观感觉。结果：B组与C组降眼压效果比A组好（P〈0.05）;在血压、脉搏变化比较中A组变化最小,C组变化也较小;在胸闷、心慌症状比较中,三组比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4.1,P〈0.05）,且A组、C组优于B组;在注射部位胀痛症状比较中,三组比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4.28,P〈0.05）,A组、C组优于B组;在同侧肢体胀痛症状比较中,三组比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=3.97,P〈0.05）,C组优于B组。结论：静脉输注甘露醇时将滴速调节为前10 min 6 mL/min然后更改为10 mL/min,能达到比较好的降眼压效果,而且患者血压、脉搏变化相对较小,不良反应轻,主观感觉比较良好。