人工材料胸壁重建研究进展

影响胸壁缺损重建的因素很多 ,但主要是缺损的部位、大小和深度。缺损范围较小或特殊部位的缺损 ,如前胸壁直径小于 5cm ,后胸壁小于 10cm ,一般直接缝合即可。但全层大块胸壁缺损 ,尤其在前胸壁及侧胸壁 ,范围超过 6cm× 6cm且相连 3根以上肋骨受损时 ,应考虑行胸壁骨性重建 ,以恢复胸廓的坚固性和稳定性 ,否则术后将引起胸壁软化和反常呼吸 ,造成呼吸、循环的紊乱〔1 - 5〕。重建胸壁缺损的材料分为自体组织、同种异体组织和人工材料。自体组织和同种异体组织虽然被认为是最符合人体生理的修复材料 ,但取材有限、增加创伤、增加手术难度、…     

胸壁大块缺损外科重建71例报告

目的 探讨胸壁大块缺损后不同外科技术重建的效果.方法 1995年9月至2005年9月对71例不同病因的胸壁大块缺损患者采用多种方法 进行胸壁重建.骨性胸廓重建采用自体组织(肋骨条、阔筋膜、肌瓣)或人工材料(Dacron片、聚四氟乙烯网片 钛合金条、金属丝支架加大网膜片、Dacron和骨水泥构成的三明治式复合体).皮下软组织修复主要应用转移皮瓣、肌皮瓣或大网膜瓣.结果 全组无手术死亡和局部肿瘤复发,2例因感染摘除金属植入物.术后呼吸功能良好,无反常呼吸运动.结论 背阔肌瓣和大网膜瓣修复软组织效果较好,后者对因感染引起的胸壁缺损效果更佳.Dacron片和骨水泥构成的三明治式复合体适用于大块骨性胸廓缺损的重建.     

胸壁全层缺损的修复重建

目的探讨胸壁全层缺损的修复重建方法及疗效。方法 2006年1月-2010年12月,收治14例胸壁全层缺损患者。男8例,女6例;年龄23～65岁,平均42岁。恶性肿瘤切除术后继发胸壁全层缺损12例,乳腺癌术后继发放射性损伤1例,热压伤1例。缺损范围为8 cm×5 cm～26 cm×14 cm。所有患者均伴肋骨缺损(1～5根),3例伴胸骨缺损。术中10例患者应用涤纶网或聚四氟乙烯补片行骨性重建,4例未作骨性重建。分别采用双叶皮瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣、腹直肌肌皮瓣修复软组织缺损,皮瓣切取范围为10 cm×7 cm～25 cm×13 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或游离植皮修复。结果术后2例发生创面愈合不良,经再次彻底清创、肌皮瓣修复和补充植皮后愈合;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均8个月。除1例骨肉瘤患者因肝转移于术后6个月死亡,其他肿瘤患者随访期间均无复发。热压伤患者未同期行胸壁骨性重建,术后5 d出现短暂轻度反常呼吸,其他患者术后胸廓稳定性良好,无明显反常呼吸及呼吸困难。结论根据胸壁缺损病因、面积和部位,单独或联合应用局部皮瓣或肌皮瓣进行胸壁软组织缺损修复,必要时应用人工材料行胸壁骨性重建,可有效修复严重胸壁全层缺损。     

胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁大块缺损的修复重建

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁大块缺损的修复重建方法。方法回顾性分析近10年来24例胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁大块缺损患者的临床资料,24例患者均联合应用不锈钢丝和绦纶补片进行胸壁重建。结果全组无手术死亡,无胸壁软化及反常呼吸运动,无切口感染,1例术后发生伤口局部积液。全组患者术后随访1月～10年,无1例钢丝断裂及反常呼吸,胸壁凹陷畸形不明显,胸廓外形的满意率达95.8%（23/24）。结论不锈钢丝和涤纶补片是修复重建胸壁大块缺损的一种很好材料,取材方便,操作简便,胸廓稳定性良好,临床疗效确切。     

胸壁肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤的切除和胸壁缺损的重建方法。方法自1985年7月至2004年10月对113例胸壁肿瘤患者进行了手术治疗,其中良性肿瘤47例,恶性肿瘤66例,48例肿瘤切除后遗留巨大胸壁缺损而采用转移肌瓣、钢丝网、有机玻璃、牛心包片和巴德复合补片等进行修复重建。结果全组无手术死亡,无严重并发症发生。恶性肿瘤术后1、3、5年生存率分别为73.1%(38/52),52.2%(24/46)和28.9%(11/38)。结论胸壁肿瘤不论良恶性均首选手术切除,恶性肿瘤应进行胸壁扩大切除并修复胸壁缺损,其效果满意。     

膨体聚四氟乙烯补片在胸壁重建中的应用

目的分析膨体聚四氟乙烯(Gore-Tex)补片在胸壁重建中的注意事项,总结临床应用经验。方法回顾性分析第二军医大学长海医院2001年1月至2010年l2月期间33例使用Gore-Tex补片进行修复巨大胸壁缺损的临床资料,男19例,女14例;平均年龄45.7(20～73)岁。根据肿瘤位置、大小选择不同的手术切口;术中尽量保留正常的胸壁软组织,骨性胸壁缺损采用Gore-Tex补片进行重建,软组织直接对拢缝合,全层胸壁缺损采用转移肌皮瓣覆盖创面。结果全组33例均手术顺利,围术期无死亡患者;恶性肿瘤25例,良性肿瘤8例,均被完整切除,切除瘤体直径8～20 cm。随访5～60个月,失访3例(9.09%),无排斥反应及反常呼吸,无异物感,感染率3%(1/33)。结论 Gore-Tex补片具有极佳的生物相容性,是安全有效的胸壁重建材料;选择合适的肌皮瓣覆盖补片,能够减少并发症发生。     

全层胸壁修复材料的研究进展

大面积的全层胸壁缺损重建,一直是整形外科、心胸外科目前尚未完全解决的难题.胸壁重建的效果往往直接影响患者术后的生存率与生存状态.临床上胸壁全层缺损常见原因包括：①恶性肿瘤切除术,包括转移性非小细胞肺癌、原发性胸壁软组织肉瘤等;②贯穿全层的胸壁热压伤;③胸壁严重的放射伤切除;④严重外伤等.而影响胸壁重建的因素很多,主要包括缺损的部位、深度和大小.一般认为,全层大面积胸壁缺损范围超过6 cm×6 cm且相邻3根以上肋骨受损时,或者胸骨大部分切除的患者,应考虑行胸壁骨性重建,当缺损在前壁或者侧壁时尤其重要.     

人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损

目的总结应用人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损的疗效。方法 2002年1月-2008年10月,收治14例胸壁肿瘤患者。男10例,女4例;年龄28～67岁,平均45岁。原发性肿瘤11例,转移性肿瘤3例。肿瘤位于前胸壁5例,后胸壁3例,侧胸壁6例。病程20～270 d。患者均行扩大根治切除术,切除2～5根肋骨,胸壁缺损范围9 cm×7 cm～17 cm×12 cm,采用单层或双层Marlex网片结合自体肌肉瓣覆盖重建胸壁。结果患者均顺利完成手术。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。胸壁无明显反常呼吸。14例均获随访,随访时间13～26个月,平均21个月。随访期间未出现与材料有关的宿主反应。患者胸壁无明显畸形,外观良好,呼吸运动时胸壁重建处无不适。1例因肿瘤复发伴肝脏转移死亡。结论人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损安全、有效。     

胸壁缺损修补重建方法探讨

胸壁肿瘤切除后，缺损的修补与重建是手术成败的关键。重建时使用的材料多样，方法各异。我们总结７５例胸壁肿瘤术后缺损修补的经验，比较自体组织与替代品修补重建的优缺点，认为使用自体组织作为缺损重建材料优点为取材容易方便，术后不易感染，值得推荐。     

胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁缺损的修复

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁缺损的修复方法。方法 2011年5月至2018年5月共收治胸壁肿瘤患者31例,其中原发胸壁良性肿瘤6例,原发胸壁恶性肿瘤14例,转移性胸壁恶性肿瘤11例。胸壁缺损类型包括单纯骨性缺损16例,单纯软组织缺损4例,全层缺损11例。骨性胸壁缺损采用补片(7例)、Prolene网片(3例)、网格状钛合金钢板(17例)进行重建。胸壁软组织缺损采用直接对拢缝合(11例)、皮瓣修复(20例)。结果本组患者均顺利完成手术,术后呼吸功能良好,无反常呼吸运动。2例带蒂背阔肌肌皮瓣边缘部分坏死,1例带蒂腹直肌肌皮瓣远端部分坏死,1例游离腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣边缘部分坏死,经换药后伤口均愈合。结论外科手术是胸壁肿瘤治疗的主要方法,术后的胸壁缺损按照大小、位置和复杂程度选择合适的材料进行修复,重建胸壁结构的稳定性及密闭性,是手术成功的关键。     

修复上胸壁巨大肿瘤切除后缺损一例的早期效果

目的应用钛网、重建钢板及背阔肌带蒂肌皮瓣,修复上胸壁乳腺肉瘤样癌切除后巨大缺损1例,观察术后早期效果。方法于2006年2月收治1例56岁女性上胸壁乳腺肉瘤样癌患者,行肿瘤切除后缺损约20cm×15cm,钛网覆盖胸壁缺损,重建钢板连接双侧锁骨残端,右侧背阔肌带蒂肌皮瓣约20cm×15cm移位修复软组织缺损。结果患者术后3d脱呼吸机,反常呼吸较明显。2周皮瓣血运稳定后,用胸带固定胸廓,反常呼吸渐消失,皮瓣血供良好。复查胸片,钛网及重建钢板位置良好。术后1个月转入肿瘤科化疗。随访3个月,局部及全身无不适;双肩活动度前屈90°,外展90°;肿瘤未见复发。结论胸壁巨大缺损重建时应选择质地较硬的材料,重建钢板维持双侧锁骨的解剖位置,肩关节功能恢复好,背阔肌带蒂肌皮瓣可适当扩大切取。     

肺癌根治术后胸壁缺损重建方法的探讨

目的 探讨肺癌直接侵犯胸壁的根治性手术和胸壁重建的不同方法和效果.方法 回顾性总结27例肺癌直接侵犯胸壁根治手术的临床资料,行肺叶切除24例,全肺切除3例,所有患者手术中同时切除肺癌直接侵犯的胸壁,胸壁切除范围从6.5 cm×5.4 cm×5.0 cm至15.5 cm×12.5 cm×10.0 cm,切除肿瘤所侵犯的肋...     

Reconstruction of complex oncologic chest wall defects: a 10-year experience

The repair of complex chest wall defects presents a challenging problem for the reconstructive surgeon. Although the majority of such defects could be repaired with the use of local and regional musculocutaneous flaps, more complicated cases require increasingly sophisticated reconstructive techniques. This study reviews the experience at a single cancer center with chest wall reconstruction over a decade. A retrospective review was undertaken for each patient who underwent chest wall reconstruction from 1992 to 2002. Patient demographics and variables, including pathologic diagnosis, extent of resection, size of defect, method of reconstruction, and outcome were evaluated. There was a total of 113 patients, 88 females and 25 males. The average age was 58 years (range, 19-88 years). The most common diagnoses were breast cancer and sarcoma. The average area of the chest wall defect after resection was 266 cm. One hundred fifty-seven musculocutaneous or muscle flaps were performed for reconstruction of the chest wall. Eleven percent of patients underwent reconstruction with autologous free tissue transfer. One hundred six patients underwent a single operation. Seven patients required a second operation for salvage of a complication. In 19 cases (15%), more than 1 flap was used simultaneously to complete the reconstruction. Eighty-four percent of the patients achieved stable chest wall reconstruction with no complications. Seven patients (4%) had partial (>10%) flap loss. The most common remaining postoperative complications were delayed wound healing (3% of patients), infection (2.5%), and hematoma (2.5%). Immediate chest wall reconstruction is safe, reliable, and can most often be accomplished with 1 operation. A variety of flaps, both single and in combination, could be used to achieve definitive coverage of the chest wall after extirpative surgery. The reconstructive choice is dependent on factors such as size of the defect, location on the chest wall, arc of rotation of the flap, and availability of recipient vessels. Based on this single institutional experience over a decade, an algorithm to chest wall reconstruction is provided.     

胸壁肿瘤切除与重建方法探讨

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤切除及胸壁缺损修补重建的方法。方法回顾性分析7例胸壁肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中肋骨分化型软骨肉瘤、肋骨分化型骨肉瘤、肋骨骨巨细胞瘤及肋骨骨旁骨肉瘤各1例,肺癌胸壁转移癌2例,乳腺癌复发胸壁转移1例。行扩大根治切除4例,姑息性切除2例,限制性切除1例。切除肋骨1-3根,胸壁骨性缺损面积（4 cm×15 cm）-（15 cm×15 cm）。胸壁缺损重建6例：用部分膈肌修补加固下胸壁缺损1例,应用钢丝支架并腹壁转移肌皮瓣修补缺损1例,应用M arlex网片修补骨性缺损并同时覆盖周围肌肉瓣4例。1例限制性切除患者仅行拉拢缝合,未行胸壁重建。结果应用双层M arlex网片修补骨性缺损并同时覆盖周围肌肉瓣的3例术后胸壁稳定性满意,限制性切除的1例胸壁外观正常,余3例均出现反常呼吸。术后随访6例,时间5月-6年,4例原发性肋骨肿瘤患者均健在,3例转移癌患者死亡1例,失访1例,健在1例。结论依据胸壁缺损的位置和大小,应用双层聚丙烯网片结合自体肌肉瓣覆盖是修补重建胸壁的可靠方法 。     

Large Chest Wall Reconstruction Using a Pedicled Osteomuscle Composite Flap: Report of a Case

A 67-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure underwent resection of a grade 1 chondrosarcoma. We performed chest wall reconstruction of the massive defect, using a pedicled osteomuscle composite flap comprising the 6th, 8th, and 10th ribs, and the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles. This flap is ready to mobilize as a pedicled graft to cover a large chest wall defect; it is strong enough to buttress the chest cage without the need for artificial materials, and it is associated with a lower risk of infection than prosthetic materials.     

六例巨大胸壁缺损的修复

目的 探讨巨大胸壁缺损的修复方法.方法 2005年10月至2009年6月,为6例患者进行巨大胸壁缺损的修复,其中背阔肌肌皮瓣加钛网1例,逆行背阔肌肌皮瓣加聚丙烯网片和涤纶补片1例,游离股前外侧皮瓣1例,双侧胸大肌肌瓣1例,纵行腹直肌肌皮瓣2例.结果 随访1～24个月,皮瓣100%覆盖创面、皮瓣100%成活、心肺功能没有影响、外观满意;并发症:胸壁瘘管1例,胸壁窦道1例经再次清创愈合.结论 巨大胸壁缺损需要分层修复,胸廓缺损可以用鈦网或聚丙烯网片修补,软组织缺损根据部位、大小和范围及周围组织情况,选择不同的修复方法.背阔肌肌皮瓣组织量大、旋转弧度大、血供恒定、容易切取,可作为首选,胸大肌肌瓣、纵行腹直肌肌皮瓣或游离的股前外侧皮瓣,根据实际情况灵活掌握.     

Recurrent tuberculous abscess in the chest wall; report of a case

A case of recurrent tuberculous abscess in the chest wall which was successfully treated by resection of the rib and transposition with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap is reported. A 70-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for the purpose of receiving tuberculostatic treatment after an operation for tuberculous abscess in the chest wall at another hospital. When he first visited the another hospital, he had complained of a left chest wall tumor and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from the pus. After admission to the hospital, tuberculous abscess recurrenced in the left chest wall 2 months after the operation. We performed resection of the abscess, 5th and 6th ribs, as well as transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap. There have been no signs of recurrence and is followed in the clinic, as of 4 months after the operation. We think that resection of the abscess, ribs, and, transposition of the muscle flap are useful methods for tuberculous abscess in the chest wall.     

Subscapularis muscle flap for reconstruction of posterior chest wall skeletal defect

IntroductionChest wall skeletal defects are usually closed using muscle flaps or prosthetic materials. Postoperative prosthetic infections are critical complications and often require plastic surgery support. We report a new surgical technique, involving a subscapular muscle flap, for covering posterior chest wall defect.Presentation of caseA 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital. We performed a right upper lobectomy with posterior chest wall resection between the third and sixth ribs. The resulting chest wall defect was covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene mesh that became infected postoperatively. We removed the infected mesh and used the subscapularis muscle, the nearest muscle to the defect, to cover the chest wall defect. The scapular tip was lifted and the lower half of the muscle was dissected. The free end of the flap was sutured to the stumps of the anterior serratus and rhomboid major muscles. Computed tomography, 1 month later, revealed that the flap was engrafted to the chest wall.DiscussionNo previous study has reported the use of a subscapularis muscle flap for chest wall reconstruction. The lower third of the scapula was excised since blood supply to the scapula tip may be reduced after dissection of the subscapularis muscle, and to prevent the scapula tip from falling into the thoracic cavity.ConclusionThe use of a subscapularis muscle flap to repair chest wall defect is a simple and safe technique that can be conducted in the same surgical field as the initial reconstruction surgery and does not require plastic surgery support.