丹参提取物对小鼠吗啡身体依赖性形成的影响及其机制

目的 观察丹参提取物（含隐丹参酮85.11%）对小鼠吗啡身体依赖性形成及其对脑内环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）和一氧化氮（NO）生成的影响。方法 剂量递增sc吗啡建立小鼠吗啡依赖模型,观察丹参提取物对盐酸纳洛酮催促吗啡依赖小鼠戒断症状的影响,并分别用放射免疫分析法、硝酸还原酶法测定小鼠脑内cAMP和NO水平。结果 丹参提取物（80 mg/kg）可显著降低吗啡依赖小鼠催促戒断症状;对吗啡依赖小鼠脑内cAMP无明显影响,但可显著降低吗啡依赖小鼠脑内NO水平。结论 丹参提取物能缓解吗啡依赖小鼠的戒断症状,其机制可能与下调脑内NO水平有关。     

川芎嗪对小鼠吗啡戒断症状的抑制作用及机制

目的:研究川芎嗪（TMP）对小鼠吗啡戒断症状的影响。方法:以剂量递增法形成吗啡依赖模型,用纳洛酮催促戒断。结果:ip给药,TMP20mg/kg抑制“湿狗”样抖动、打洞、前爪震颤症状;TMP40mg/kg抑制跳跃、“湿狗”样抖动、上睑下垂、前爪震颤、体重下降等症状。结论:TMP能抑制大部分吗啡戒断症状。     

小鼠吗啡依赖纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应模型的建立

目的建立稳定的小鼠吗啡依赖纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应模型。方法小鼠连续皮下注射吗啡,以纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应为指标,调整吗啡给予天数(5,6,7,10d)、吗啡累积剂量(360,560,640,945,1100,1105,1200mg/kg)、每日给予吗啡的频数[一天二次(bid),一天三次(tid)]、纳洛酮催促紧前给予吗啡与否、以及纳洛酮剂量(10,20mg/kg),建立四个造模方案包括八个子方案。结果方案A、B2、C2吗啡组小鼠跳跃反应率未达100%;方案B1、C1、D2、D3、D4吗啡组小鼠跳跃次数变异系数较大。方案D1采用小鼠连续皮下注射倍增剂量的吗啡,tid×6d,每日每次剂量分别为5,10,20,40,80,160mg/kg;第7天皮下注射吗啡160mg/kg,3h后腹腔注射纳洛酮10mg/kg,吗啡组小鼠可产生显著的跳跃反应,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),且变异系数小(CV为0.22),该方案吗啡依赖小鼠跳跃反应次数适度,离散度小。结论选用方案D1可建立稳定的小鼠戒断跳跃反应模型。     

双金解毒胶囊对吗啡依赖性动物的药效学研究

目的观察双金解毒胶囊对吗啡依赖性动物模型的脱毒药效.方法以剂量递增法造成动物对吗啡的依赖性,用纳洛酮催促戒断、自然戒断模型上,以盐酸苯氨咪唑啉作为阳性对照,评价双金解毒胶囊对吗啡依赖动物戒断症状的抑制作用.结果在吗啡依赖大鼠纳洛酮催促戒断模型,双金解毒胶囊1.6 g和3.2 g/kg,均可显著控制大鼠的戒断症状(P＜0.01),对大鼠体质量的恢复,0.8 g、1.6 g和3.2 g/kg组均较盐水对照组为快(P＜0.01).在吗啡依赖大鼠自然戒断模型,双金解毒胶囊1.6 g和3.2 g/kg组自然戒断症状显著较盐水对照组为轻(P＜0.01),体质量恢复亦较快(P＜0.01).双金解毒胶囊0.4 g、0.8 g和1.6 g/kg均可显著改善吗啡依赖猴的戒断症状(P＜0.05与0.01).结论双金解毒胶囊对吗啡依赖大鼠和猴有脱毒作用.     

敬钊毒素-V对吗啡成瘾小鼠戒断症状的影响

目的观察Jingzhaotoxin-V敬钊毒素-V(JZTX-V)对纳洛酮催促戒断症状的治疗作用。方法建立吗啡成瘾小鼠模型,分别测定4组不同剂量5,50,500,1000μg/kg JZTX-V对小鼠戒断后跳跃次数的影响。结果 JZTX-V在戒断后的15min内能减少小鼠的跳跃次数,而且5、50和500μg/kg JZTX-V对跳跃次数的抑制具有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论 JZTX-V在5-500μg/kg范围内能显著抑制小鼠戒断后的跳跃次数,有可能成为一种戒毒先导分子。     

细叶榕树提取物急性毒性及身体依赖性实验研究

目的探讨细叶榕水、醇提物的安全性和身体依赖性。方法根据中药、天然药物急性毒性实验研究技术指导原则,以最大给药体积、最大给药浓度,对实验小鼠灌胃给药,观察细叶榕水、醇提取物灌胃后小鼠的急性毒性。同时采用纳洛酮催促戒断法测定各提取物的身体依赖性。结果给药组和对照组小鼠进行给药后体重比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);纳洛酮催促戒断实验中小鼠均未出现戒断症状及体重下降现象。结论细叶榕水及醇提物毒性低、安全性较高,并不具有身体依赖性。     

马钱子碱和可乐定合用对小鼠镇痛作用及耐受性和身体依赖性探讨

采用小鼠热板法:马钱子碱与可乐定两药合用显著提高痛阈,呈剂量依赖性;每天小鼠 ip 马钱子碱12mg/kg 和可乐定100μs/kg,连续给药8天,镇痛作用不产生耐受性。采用小鼠跳跃试验:结果揭示马钱子碱和可乐定两药合用不产生身体依赖性;两药与吗啡合用时,不能阻止吗啡的身体依赖性产生。     

褪黑素对豚鼠回肠体外吗啡依赖性的影响

目的 观察褪黑素(MT)对豚鼠体外回肠吗啡依赖性的影响。方法 以豚鼠体外回肠为实验对象，37℃孵育3h，测定纳洛酮催发引起的戒断性收缩强度，作为产生依赖性的指标。结果 豚鼠回肠标本用含吗啡(终浓度4μmol/L)的Krebs液孵育3h，纳洛酮(终浓度为4μmol／L)可催发戒断症状(特异性收缩)；MT(终浓度800μmol／L)单独孵育3h．纳洛酮不会催发戒断性收缩；急性给MT(终浓度分别为100，200，400μmol／L)或预防性给MT(终浓度分别为25，100，400μmol／L)均可剂量依赖性地减弱回肠戒断后的特异性收缩。结论 MT可抑制回肠吗啡依赖性的产生且减弱回肠的吗啡依赖戒断性反应。     

吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响

目的探讨吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响.方法以剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型,纳洛酮诱发戒断症状.根据小鼠戒断反应中出现的跳跃次数、体重下降等指标评定戒断反应强度.采用毛细管上升现象测定吗啡依赖和戒断小鼠离体肺灌洗液表面张力的变化.结果吗啡依赖组和纳洛酮催促戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力均明显大于对照组(P<0.01),而且吗啡戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力又明显大于吗啡依赖组(P<0.01).结论吗啡依赖和纳洛酮催促戒断小鼠肺表面活性物质含量下降,尤其是戒断期.这些变化可能是吗啡依赖造成肺功能损害的原因之一.     

吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响

目的：探讨吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响。方法：以剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型，纳洛酮诱发戒断症状。根据小鼠戒断反应中出现的跳跃次数、体重下降等指标评定戒断反应强度。采用毛细管上升现象测定吗啡依赖和戒断小鼠离体肺灌洗液表面张力的变化。结果：吗啡依赖组和纳洛酮催促戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力均明显大于对照组（P＜0．01），而且吗啡戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力又明显大于吗啡依赖组（P＜0．01）。结论：吗啡依赖和纳洛酮催促戒断小鼠肺表面活性物质含量下降，尤其是戒断期。这些变化可能是吗啡依赖造成肺功能损害的原因之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.