我国药用植物辐射诱变育种的研究进展

辐射诱变技术具有突变率高、突变谱宽、后代性状稳定快、育种周期短等优点,目前已成为获得新种质资源的有效途径之一。综述了60Co-γ射线、离子束和空间环境等不同辐射源的辐射特性及其在药用植物育种中的应用。辐射诱变技术与生物技术相结合,将为提高体细胞突变率、加快植物遗传改良开辟广阔的发展前景。     

生物技术在长春花研究中的应用

长春花为重要的抗癌药用植物,对细胞组织培养,Ti和Ri质粒遗传化等生物技术在长春花研究中的应用作一综述,并对长春花的开发利用和长春花生物磁的工业化生产存在问题和前景作了分析.     

《中草药》2005年第36卷第1-12期（总第391-403）总目次

(题后所列数字为期.页数)《中草药》杂志2005年投稿须知……………………………1.附1.中药现代化论坛.方剂组织药理学新假说(唐文富,万美华,黄熙)……………………………………1.1对加强管理促进中药国际化的几点建议(霍道臣)…………………………………………………2.161药用植物生物技术与药材质量标准研究方法(张明生,杨永华,谢波,等)……………………………3.321模糊综合评价模型在中药创新药物技术风险管理中的应用(蔡宇,徐炎,杨燕霞,等)……………………………4.481离子束生物技术及其在药用植物育种中的应用(陈浩,梁运章)………………     

药用植物谱效育种理论及其应用

在分析目前药用植物品种选育存在的问题的基础上,进一步完善了药用植物的育种目标,提出了谱效育种理论,并结合“湘白鱼腥草”品种的选育说明了该理论的应用。药用植物育种目标是药用部位生物产量适当,药用成分种类齐、量高、组合佳,抗性强。谱效育种是指在药用植物育种过程中以生物效价检测药理药效,以化学指纹图谱和谱效分析评价有效成分的种类和量,并确定质量控制的关键成分,以此筛选品种候选对象、评判品种质量,选育优质药用植物栽培品种的育种理论。     

药用植物生物工程研究进展Ⅲ.分子标记、遗传转化及功能基因研究

随着生物技术的发展和天然产物开发的不断深入,现代分子生物学研究的先进技术应用于药用植物研究领域,对传统中药的现代化发展起着越来越重要的作用。利用分子标记技术,对于药用植物种属间的亲缘关系多态性和系统树的建立发挥了重要作用;利用农杆菌介导遗传转化技术,可将有重要功能的基因通过基因重组转移到目的植株获得表达;对药用植物重要功能基因的研究将有助于明确这些功能的重要遗传和生理调控功能,为其进一步开发利用奠定基础。就药用植物的分子标记、遗传转化和功能基因研究进行综述。     

药用植物生物工程研究进展Ⅱ.分子标记、遗传转化及功能基因研究

随着生物技术的发展和天然产物开发的不断深入,现代分子生物学研究的先进技术应用于药用植物研究领域,对传统中药的现代化发展起着越来越重要的作用.利用分子标记技术,对于药用植物种属间的亲缘关系多态性和系统树的建立发挥了重要作用;利用农杆菌介导遗传转化技术,可将有重要功能的基因通过基因重组转移到目的植株获得表达;对药用植物重要功能基因的研究将有助于明确这些功能的重要遗传和生理调控功能,为其进一步开发利用奠定基础.就药用植物的分子标记、遗传转化和功能基因研究进行综述.     

迈向二十一世纪的药用植物生物技术

本文阐述了当今涉及到基因工程，细胞工程，组织、器官培养等几个层次上所进行的药用植物生物技术。同时对细胞培养与活性成分生产，转基因器官培养，转基植物，药用植物有效成分的调控技术等当前药用植物生物技术的研究热点进行了讨论。     

药用植物生物多样性的特点及保护对策

生物多样性保护已成为世界范围内的联合行动,具有药用价值的一类植物自然而然地成为生物多样性保护的一个重要组成部分。根据最新的资料表明具有药用价值的植物种类已达到12000种以上,药用植物的使用不仅在中国,在日本、韩国及东南亚各国都占有重要的地位。所以药用植物生物多样性保护的研究显得格外重要。根据我们多年从事药用植物研究工作的经验,归纳出:(1)药用植物生物多样性保护的特点:药物来源的多样性,药用植物品种的多样性,生态类型的多样性;化学型的多样性。对需要研究的内容进行了分析。(2)总结出药用植物生物多样性遭到破坏的主要原因:生态环境的破坏,过度采挖,市场经济和栽培生产的不规范。(3)同时提出了对药用植物生物多样性保护的对策:加强基础研究,提供保护措施,建立大型野生和家栽的药用植物种子基因库,在植物园中保护本地区药用植物,变野生药材为家种,在药材原产地设立保护区,利用现代生物技术,立法、加强科普教育,加强对植物资源开发利用的研究等。     

紧贴生物医药产业发展需求培养合格生物人才

生物技术是现代生物学发展及其与相关学科交叉融合的产物,是当今科技最令人瞩目的高新技术之一.生物技术在生产生活的各方面愈来愈多地被广泛应用,不仅正在改变人类的生活,还深刻影响着人们的思想观念和思维方式,已成为推动新世纪经济发展必不可少的一项重要的高新技术.近年来,我国生物技术在农业育种、发酵工业、医药工业及医学领域的应用有了很大发展.其中应用于医药领域的生物技术成果占总成果的60%.这引发对生物人才尤其是具有医学背景的生物技术人才的迫切需求.     

扩增片段长度多态性标记技术应用于药用植物种质资源研究的前景

对AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性)标记技术应用于药用植物品种鉴定、遗传多样性检测、遗传图谱构建、地道基因发掘及控制有效成分合成的关键基因的发掘等方面的进展进行了简要概述,并对其应用前景进行了分析。认为利用AFLP标记技术可以建立药用植物的遗传图谱,可以克隆控制中药材有效成分合成酶的关键未知基因;AFLP标记技术用于育种中,可早期对药材进行选择,大大缩短育种进程等。AFLP标记技术有望在药用植物种质资源的研究中成为最具潜力的分子标记技术。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.