不同光周期对半夏珠芽生长状况的影响

[目的] 筛选半夏珠芽生长的最佳光周期。[方法] 将半夏幼苗置于装有定时器的发光二极管（LED）灯管下,设置不同光周期处理（2、4、6、8、10、12、14 h/d）,对半夏生长形态、珠芽收获情况和发芽情况进行观测记录,使用紫外分光光度计对叶片色素含量进行测定,运用熵权TOPSIS法进行综合评价。[结果]半夏形态指标随光周期延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势;色素含量与光照时间成正比例关系;在8 h/d光周期条件下半夏珠芽收获指标测定值最高,4 h/d光周期的发芽指数最高,且高于其他组别;熵权TOPSIS法综合评价结果表明,在光周期为8 h/d条件下,半夏珠芽的生长状况优于其他组别。[结论] 筛选获得最适光周期为8 h/d,可有效改善半夏珠芽的生长状况。     

遮荫影响半夏不同器官IAA含量及其性状变化的应用研究

目的 研究遮荫对半夏不同器官中IAA含量及其形状变化的影响.方法 利用完全随机设计对遮荫半夏和未遮荫半夏不同生长发育阶段块茎、珠芽和叶片中IAA的含量变化进行测定.结果 遮荫对块茎和珠芽的生长均有不同程度的促进作用,对叶片的叶形改变和叶面积的增大也有显著的相关性.结论 大田栽培中,随着光照的不断加强,可以适当的逐渐增加半夏遮荫的力度,但最高遮荫率不宜超过40%.     

半夏栽培生态学研究

目的 半夏栽培生态研究。方法 对半夏Pinellia ternata不同质量的种茎进行田间栽培实验。结果 半夏块茎收获量随种茎质量增加，但相对增重则随着种茎质量的增加而减少；子块茎、珠芽和种子数量随着块茎质量而增加，半夏繁殖系数随半夏种茎质量增大而增大；统计表明叶柄数量、地上部分干重、珠芽总数、最大株芽质量、花总数与种茎的质量呈极显著正相关；珠芽总数与叶柄数量呈极显著正相关；子块茎数与种茎的增重呈负相关，而叶柄数也与种茎增重负相关。结论 半夏栽培中营养生长与生殖生长、地上部分生长与地下部分生长相互制约。     

不同土壤改良措施对连作半夏根际微环境的影响

目的:探明不同改良措施对连作半夏土壤中生物群落结构和半夏生长相关指标影响规律,解决半夏药材产业化栽培的连茬效应。方法:对比2%生物炭、生物有机肥、微生物菌剂和草木灰4种土壤改良措施,动态监测半夏的生长状况并测定其产量,结合微生物群落结构,筛选出有效消除半夏连作障碍的最佳措施。结果:微生物菌剂、生物有机肥、草木灰均可促进半夏珠芽的生长、块茎的发育以及根系的生长;单从产量分析,效果以草木灰最好,生物有机肥次之;不同改良措施可通过降低真菌物种多样性、提高细菌多样性起到恢复连作土壤微生物群落多样性的作用,对有害微生物如子囊菌门菌群和果胶杆菌Pectobacterium aroidearum均有抑制效果。结论:结合半夏产量、生长情况及半夏根际微生物群落结构分析,对连作土壤用草木灰改良效果最好,可为缓解半夏连作障碍提供技术指导和支撑。     

催芽与覆盖地膜对半夏出苗时间的影响

半夏为天南星科植物半夏Pinelliatereata.（Thunb）Breit．的块茎，原为野生中药材，家种虽已成功，但产量低而不稳．1993年在进行“半更丰产栽培技术”研究中，从延长华夏生育期的角度，笔者进行了半夏早春催芽后栽种覆盖地膜和不催芽覆盖地股试验。1材料与方法菏泽产三叶半夏块茎、珠芽，直径为1．5cm左右。选用白色透明普通薄膜作为覆盖材料。试验点设两处，每处3组，每组分为先催芽种后盖地膜、不催芽种后盖地膜、不催芽又不盖地膜作为对照3个类别。每个类别种50个．土壤、施胆各类与数量、栽种深度、管理等基本相同。俄芽的于1993－0…     

川半夏种茎大小对产量和质量的影响

目的 在大田条件下,研究不同大小川半夏种茎对产量和质量的影响,为川半夏规范化栽培提供理论依据。方法 选取川半夏主产区3份不同来源地的材料,分别按种茎直径（d）大（d＞1.5 cm）、中（1.0 cm＜d≤1.5 cm）和小（0.5 cm＜d≤1.0 cm）分级,随机区组试验设计,在其生育期内定期考察出苗数、珠芽产生数和抽薹数等性状;采收后考察其增重率和增殖率,并测定其主要化学成分。结果 不同种茎大小的川半夏出苗、珠芽产生和抽薹等生长节律基本一致。但生长期间平均出苗数、平均抽薹数、平均珠芽产生数、单株增重率、单株增殖率以及生物碱和次黄嘌呤核苷量间差异达极显著水平,而β-谷甾醇量无显著差异。结论 在川半夏的生产栽培中,选取0.5 cm＜d≤1.0 cm的种茎作为种源,种茎活力旺盛,可明显达到增产效果,同时生产出的半夏次黄嘌呤核苷量较高,生物碱量也较高。     

半夏的病毒危害及脱毒快繁技术研究

目的确定病毒病对半夏植株生长的危害,通过组织培养手段对病毒进行脱毒技术研究。方法采取高温钝化结合茎尖培养的方法,用多种激素诱导茎尖成苗、长根及增殖等。结果用6-BA1.0~2.0mg/L、NAA0.2mg/L诱导成苗可有效地脱去病毒;6-BA2.0mg/L附加适量的NAA和GA3可促进珠芽增殖及试管苗的生长速度;IAA0.2~0.5mg/L可促进半夏根系的发育;6-BA2.0mg/L、GA30.2mg/L配以适当质量浓度的2,4-D和NAA可促进叶片愈伤组织形成丛生苗。结论对半夏病毒病的脱毒率达到80%,脱毒植株叶片的内部结构排列有序、清晰可见。     

半夏总蛋白提取及其动态变化研究

目的 优选出半夏总蛋白提取的最适方法并研究不同生长时期总蛋白量及成分的变化,为半夏药用成分的监控及合理采收提供科学依据。方法 采用丙酮沉淀法、95% (NH₄)₂SO₄盐析法、TCA-丙酮法和Tris-饱和酚法提取半夏总蛋白,筛选半夏总蛋白提取的最佳方法。分别于半夏出芽期、全苗期、珠芽期、佛焰苞期及倒苗期采集样品,分为新鲜组和干燥处理组,提取样品总蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE电泳检测及Bradford浓度测定。结果 丙酮沉淀法、95% (NH₄)₂SO₄盐析法、TCA-丙酮法和Tris-饱和酚法提取的半夏总蛋白量分别为0.369、0.678、1.082、0.493 mg/mL;新鲜半夏5个不同生长时期总蛋白量占块茎的质量分数分别为出芽期4.53 mg/g、全苗期2.28 mg/g、珠芽期2.79 mg/g、佛焰苞期7.61 mg/g、倒苗期10.21 mg/g;干燥半夏5个不同生长时期总蛋白量占块茎的质量分数分别为出芽期31.85 mg/g、全苗期18.52 mg/g、珠芽期42.08 mg/g、佛焰苞期28.56 mg/g、倒苗期56.84 mg/g;新鲜半夏块茎中蛋白含有15条蛋白带,干燥处理半夏块茎中蛋白含有5条蛋白带。结论 TCA-丙酮法是半夏总蛋白提取的最佳方法,不同生长时期的半夏块茎中蛋白成分各异,倒苗期总蛋白量最高。     

半夏泻心汤的配伍法则及其对后世的影响

1 半夏泻心汤的配伍法则 对半夏泻心汤的用药特点和配伍关系进行分析时,历代医家多以辛、苦、甘五味的不同,将该方药物分为辛味药组(半夏和干姜)、苦味药组(黄芩和黄连)及甘味药组(人参、甘草和大枣).现代有人用数理统计方法对其进行模糊聚类分析,亦将方中药物分为3类:①半夏、干姜;②黄芩、黄连;③人参、甘草、大枣[1] ,结果与传统分类法相一致,可见按药物性味的不同对半夏泻心汤的用药特点和配伍关系进行分析具有合理性和可行性.     

不同处理方法南方红豆杉种子浸提液内源抑制物活性研究初探

[目的]研究南方红豆杉种子萌发的机理,探讨南方红豆杉种子浸提液内源抑制物活性.[方法]分别采用低温层积处理及混合营养液加变温层积法处理南方红豆杉种子,通过测定不同方法处理后南方红豆杉种子浸提液对油莱种子幼苗萌发及生长状况的影响,以确定其内源抑制物的存在部分及初步活性.[结果]南方红豆杉种子种皮、胚乳中含有抑制油莱种子萌发及幼苗生长的物质,随着该物质浓度的增加,抑制作用更为显著;相同浓度的胚乳浸提液对油莱种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用显著高于种皮浸提液;低温层积处理的南方红豆杉种子浸提液对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用显著高于混合营养液加变温层积法处理南方红豆杉种子浸提液.[结论]南方红豆杉种皮及胚乳中均含有内源抑制物,经混合营养液加变温层积法处理能显著降低其内源抑制物的抑制作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.