The safety and efficacy of endoscopic incision of orthotopic ureterocele in adult

Endoscopic incision is a good management option for orthotopic ureterocele. But most of the literature has shown its efficacy only in children. We have done this retrospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic incision of orthotopic ureterocele in adults. From March 2004 to January 2008, at our center, 26 adults underwent transurethral, transverse incision of an ureterocele. The perioperative data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. The literature was reviewed to identify all the reported options for management of this relatively rare condition in adults. Unilateral ureterocele was present in 24 patients and two patients had bilateral ureterocele. One patient had associated upper tract stones. Three patients had associated stones in ureterocele. Transurethral, transverse incision of ureterocele was given in all patients. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 50.5 h. Twenty-three patients were available for follow-up at three, six and 12 months. All patients were symptom free. At three months ultrasound and intravenous urography revealed no residual ureterocele but four patients showed residual hydronephrosis, but with a decrease in the grade indicating decompression. Micturating cystourethrography revealed vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) in two patients and the reflux persisted in one patient even at 6 months. We conclude that in adults, management with endoscopic incision of orthotopic ureterocele is safe and effective. VUR may occur in a few cases.     

输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石52例报告

目的:探讨输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石的临床效果.方法:采用输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石患者52例,其中双侧输尿管上段结石2例,共计左侧30例侧,右侧24例侧.结石大小(0.4～1.7)cm×(0.6～2.0)cm.结果:手术成功率98.1%,平均手术时间约28 min(17～65 min).1例侧因输尿管口狭窄进镜困难改行开放手术.术后1个月复查,一次性碎石排净率为90.6%,5例侧有结石残留患者保留双J管行ESWL治疗,结石排出.术后3个月复查,所有患者患侧肾积水均明显减轻.结论:在熟练掌握输尿管镜操作技术的前提下,采用输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石是一种安全、有效的方法.     

经尿道电切治疗成人输尿管囊肿7例报告

目的探讨经尿道电切治疗成人输尿管囊肿的效果。方法回顾分析2008-06—2014-06间收治的7例输尿管囊肿患者的临床资料。患者术前均行超声、IVP、膀胱镜明确诊断。行经尿道输尿管囊肿电切除术,术中保留上方囊壁作为抗反流的活瓣。合并结石患者采用大力钳碎石或输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术。结果 7例患者手术均成功,症状缓解,6例肾积水消失,1例减轻。结论经尿道输尿管囊肿电切术是治疗输尿管囊肿的有效方法。     

Stone cobras: adult bilateral single system ureteroceles presenting with multiple calculi

25-year-old previously healthy male presented with dysuria and bilateral flank pain. Abdominal radiography and computed tomography revealed bilateral orthotopic ureteroceles with significant calculi. Bilateral endoscopic ureterocele incision and ureteroscopy were used for complete stone clearance. Symptoms resolved after treatment, and follow-up voiding cystourethrogram performed at 3 months revealed no evidence of vesicoureteral reflux. Adult orthotopic bilateral ureteroceles with calculi is a rare clinical entity amenable to endoscopic management.     

Simultaneous transurethral cystolithotripsy with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: a prospective feasibility study and review of literature

OBJECTIVE: To report experience with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) simultaneously with transurethral holmium laser cystolithotripsy (HLC) for managing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and associated vesical calculi; we also review previously reported cases of managing vesical calculi and associated BOO. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The high-powered holmium laser is a very efficient multifunctional endourological instrument that effectively fragments calculi of all compositions and is capable of haemostatic cutting of tissue, resulting in minimal bleeding after prostatic resection. A prospective study was conducted from April 2003 that included 32 men who underwent simultaneous HoLEP with transurethral HLC at our institution. Demographic, laboratory, peri-operative and follow-up data were analysed. Complications during and after surgery were identified to assess the morbidity of procedure. RESULTS: The mean (range) size of bladder calculi was 34.6 (12-70) mm and the preoperative weight of the prostate was 51.9 (11-172) g. Combined HoLEP with transurethral HLC was technically feasible in all patients, and all were stone-free after surgery. The mean operative duration was 97.7 (40-230) min, the weight of prostate tissue removed 34.6 (5-88) g, and the duration of catheterization and hospital stay 29.3 h and 34.8 h, respectively. Complications during and after surgery occurred in 12.5% and 15.6% of patients, respectively; all complication were minor and none caused any residual disability to the patient. No patient required a blood transfusion or developed clot retention. CONCLUSIONS: Managing bladder stones and BOO with simultaneous transurethral HLC and HoLEP should be considered the treatment of choice for such cases. Stones of any size and composition, and prostates of practically any size can be treated endoscopically using the holmium laser, with acceptable morbidity once the technique is mastered. The review of previous reports suggested a need for a prospective study comparing endoscopic management of BOO and associated bladder stones, with medical management of BOO and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy/endoscopic lithotripsy for bladder stone.     

输尿管囊肿伴发结石的腔内微创治疗

目的：评价腔内微创治疗输尿管囊肿伴结石的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2004年3月～2008年12月收治的12例输尿管囊肿伴发结石病例资料。囊肿位于左侧8例,右侧4例,均为单侧发病。9例伴输尿管囊内结石,3例并输尿管结石。输尿管囊肿采用经尿道输尿管囊肿切除术,术时保留上方囊壁作为抗反流的活瓣。结石采用输尿管镜钬激光碎石术。结果：12例患者均一次手术成功。术后随访3个月～1年,临床症状均消失,8例B超提示肾积水消失,4例明显减轻。4例行排尿性膀胱尿道造影未见明显反流现象。结论：使用腔内镜微创治疗输尿管囊肿伴发结石是一种简单有效的治疗方法。     

输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗合并急性肾感染的输尿管结石20例报告

目的探讨输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗并发急性肾感染的输尿管结石的可行性和安全性。方法对20例并发急性肾感染的输尿管结石患者施行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术,将结石粉碎至3mm以下。对合并输尿管息肉者,则将息肉切除。结果所有病例施行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术均1次将结石击碎,3例结石碎块较大上滑人肾盂,感染控制后辅以体外冲击波碎石清除结石残片。16例7d内体温降至正常,腰痛症状消失。2例因肾积脓,双J管引流不畅,B超定位下行经皮肾穿刺引流而痊愈。1例肾周脓肿迁延不愈,取腰部竖直小切口切开引流而治愈。1例肾皮质脓肿辅以抗菌治疗,2周后复查病灶吸收。站论输尿管镜钬激光碎石急诊治疗并发急性肾感染的输尿管结石是一种安全有效的方法,能及时控制急性肾感染,防止重症肾感染的出现。     

组合式输尿管软镜钬激光治疗儿童上尿路结石

目的探讨组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗儿童上尿路结石的疗效。 方法回顾性分析2017年2月至4月的6例上尿路结石患儿行组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术的临床资料。 结果组合式输尿管软镜钬激光一次性结石清除率为100%,手术时间20～36 min,平均(25 ± 2.5)min;术后住院时间3～5 d,平均(4 ± 0.8)d;无输尿管穿孔、出血等重大并发症。随访12个月,结石无复发,输尿管无狭窄,肾脏无积水。 结论组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗儿童上尿路结石具有创伤小、恢复快、安全有效等临床优势。     

胆道镜下钬激光联合液电碎石治疗肝内外胆道难治性结石

目的 探讨经胆道镜用钬激光联合液电碎石治疗肝内外胆道结石的安全性及疗效.方法 对67例胆道术后肝内外胆管结石患者接受胆道镜下钬激光联合液电碎石治疗患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 经1～7次胆道镜下钬激光联合液电碎石治疗,65例患者残石全部取尽,碎石取石成功率达97.1%,未出现并发症.结论 通过钬激光联合液电碎石后再行胆道镜取石,可大大提高肝内外胆管残留结石的清除效果,是一种安全而有效的治疗方法 .     

输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜术残留肾结石12例报告

目的:评估输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)残留肾结石的效果。方法:利用输尿管软镜治疗PCNL残留肾结石12例,男8例,女4例;平均年龄42.6岁。左侧5例,右侧3例。KUB测量结石直径为0.7~2.6cm,平均1.4cm。经留置输尿管扩张鞘或沿导丝直接置入输尿管软镜抵达肾盂,寻及结石后以200μm光纤、10 W功率钬激光碎石。观察其手术时间、结石清除率、并发症等疗效指标。结果:本组12例均顺利完成输尿管软镜碎石,手术时间68~116min,平均92min;结石清除率为83.3%(10/12)。1例结石残留患者另作穿刺通道行二期PCNL后结石完全清除;1例术后行ESWL仍有少量结石残留,随访观察。均无严重出血及输尿管穿孔等并发症。结论:输尿管软镜取石术治疗PCNL后残留肾石安全、有效。     

输尿管肾镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石

目的探讨经输尿管肾镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的有效性及安全性。方法分析2005年1月至2006年12月收治的经输尿管肾镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石206例的临床资料。其中181例伴有患侧轻至中度肾盂积水,IVP患肾不显影19例,28例同时合并结石远端输尿管狭窄,57例合并有息肉或肉芽组织包裹,26例为体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗失败。结果206例中195例单次手术碎石成功,单次手术结石粉碎率达94.7%(195/206)。平均手术时间25min,术中无输尿管穿孔等并发症发生,平均住院日5.5d。10例结石在钬激光碎石过程中移位于肾盏或结石残留,术后再行ESWL治愈;1例双侧输尿管结石,因输尿管狭窄无法入镜,中转开放手术。结论输尿管肾镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石有效、安全,可作为输尿管结石特别是中下段结石首选的治疗方法。     

INITIAL EXPERIENCE WITH ENDOSCOPIC HOLMIUM LASER LITHOTRIPSY FOR PEDIATRIC UROLITHIASIS

PURPOSE: Due to the unavailability of suitable pediatric instruments children have not benefited from advances in endoscopic lithotripsy. This limitation may be overcome by the holmium: YAG laser. We evaluated the indications for, and efficacy and complications of holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of laser lithotripsy. Access to the calculus was antegrade or retrograde. A solid state holmium:YAG laser was used. RESULTS: Eight patients 4 to 14 years old underwent laser lithotripsy during the study period. Average calculous surface area was 357.13 mm.2 (range 14 to 1,645). Five patients required 1 procedure to render them stone-free, while the remaining 3 required multiple procedures. No complications were associated with laser lithotripsy. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of the holmium:YAG laser to pulverize urinary calculi makes it an alternative choice for lithotripsy. In our series all patients are stone-free with stable renal function. The advantages of the holmium:YAG laser are that it may be precisely applied via small fibers, and it pulverizes calculi with minimal scattering of energy and retropulsion of the calculus, decreasing trauma to tissues at the perioperative site. There is also a lower risk of residual fragments, which is associated with a lower incidence of calculous regrowth. Holmium: YAG laser is safe and effective for treating pediatric urolithiasis.     

输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石:附205例报告

目的 探讨输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的效果和安全性.方法 回顾性分析205例输尿管上段结石患者行输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石治疗的临床资料,其中男91例,女114例,结石位于单侧188例,双侧17例,炎性息肉引起输尿管腔明显狭窄者12例.结石长径0.8～1.4 cm.结果 192例一次性碎石成功,单次碎石成功率为93.7%(192/205).9例有较大结石碎片(4～6 mm)残留于肾或输尿管内,4例在碎石过程中结石冲入肾内,其中1例较大结石(1.4 cm)移位至肾盂后改行PCNL,其余3例留置双J管改行ESWL,均治愈.19例合并炎性息肉同期行激光烧灼.手术时间15~90min,平均30 min.住院时间2~9 d,平均3.5 d.198例患者在门诊获得随访,随访时间3～24个月,平均6个月,结石均排尽.结论 输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的一种比较理想的腔内碎石技术,其碎石成功率高,并发症发生率低,创伤小,患者术后恢复快,而且可同期处理结石合并炎性息肉和狭窄.     

Percutaneous Endoscopic Holmium Laser Lithotripsy for Management of Complicated Biliary Calculi

Background and Objectives:

Advances in endoscopic techniques have transformed the management of urolithiasis. We sought to evaluate the role of such urological interventions for the treatment of complex biliary calculi.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of all patients (n=9) undergoing percutaneous holmium laser lithotripsy for complicated biliary calculi over a 4-year period (12/2003 to 12/2007). All previously failed standard techniques include ERCP with sphincterotomy (n=6), PTHC (n=7), or both of these. Access to the biliary system was obtained via an existing percutaneous transhepatic catheter or T-tube tracts. Endoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy was performed via a flexible cystoscope or ureteroscope. Stone clearance was confirmed intra- and postoperatively. A percutaneous transhepatic drain was left indwelling for follow-up imaging.

Results:

Mean patient age was 65.6 years (range, 38 to 92). Total stone burden ranged from 1.7 cm to 5 cm. All 9 patients had stones located in the CBD, with 2 patients also having additional stones within the hepatic ducts. All 9 patients (100%) were visually stone-free after one endoscopic procedure. No major perioperative complications occurred. Mean length of stay was 2.4 days. At a mean radiological follow-up of 5.4 months (range, 0.5 to 21), no stone recurrence was noted.

Conclusions:

Percutaneous endoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is a minimally invasive alternative to open salvage surgery for complex biliary calculi refractory to standard approaches. This treatment is both safe and efficacious. Success depends on a multidisciplinary approach.     

输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石

目的：探讨输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的有效性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析216例应用经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗的输尿管结石患者资料。男133例,女83例;年龄20～68岁,平均49岁。上段结石48例,中段58例,下段110例。结石直径0．7～2．6cm,平均1．4cm。结果：单次碎石成功率为98．1％（212／216）,其中上段结石单次碎石成功率为91．6％（44／48）,中、下段为100％（168／168）。平均手术时间29min,212例术后平均住院3．5天。术后随访2周～3个月,结石排净率99％（210／212）。结论：输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石高效、安全,可作为输尿管结石特别是中下段结石首选的治疗方法。     

输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石536例报告

目的探讨输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的效果。方法回顾性分析536例输尿管结石，直径为0．5～2．0cm，均行输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石术治疗。结石合并息肉形成153例，采用钬激光汽化切割息肉。术后放置双J管2～6周。结果491例一次性碎石成功，成功率为91．6％（491／536），手术时间为15-75min，平均32min。术后1周结石排净率为72．5％（356／491），术后住院时间为1～4d，平均2．5d。结论输尿管镜钬激光碎石术是治疗输尿管结石安全有效的方法。     

A case of urinary stone in ureterocele extracted transurethrally after ESWL

A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with chief complaints of difficulty in urination and terminal micturition pain. Ureteroceles were identified bilaterally, and a ureteral stone (19 x 12 mm) existed in the right ureterocele. After crushing the stone by extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), we removed the stone transurethrally with a small incision in the right ureterocele. The vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was not detected postoperatively. Now, we recommend the combination of ESWL and a small transurethral incision of the urelerocele for the treatment of ureteral stones in a ureterocele in order to prevent postoperative VUR.     

F6/7.5输尿管镜联合双管扩张法在处理输尿管结石合并狭窄患者中的疗效观察

目的 探讨F6/7.5输尿管镜联合双管扩张法在处理输尿管结石合并结石远段输尿管狭窄患者中的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月期间本院112例输尿管结石合并结石远段输尿管狭窄患者使用F6/7.5输尿管镜联合双管扩张法行钬激光碎石术的临床资料及治疗效果。结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间为（38.7±4.3）min,一次性碎石成功率达95.5%（107/112）。结论 使用F6/7.5输尿管镜联合双管扩张法可以大大提高输尿管结石合并远段狭窄患者的手术成功率,具有安全、可靠、操作简单等优点,值得临床推广。     

组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效分析

目的 探讨组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的临床效果.方法 选取2013年11月至2015年12月本院泌尿外科采用组合式输尿管镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗的70例肾和输尿管上段结石患者进行回顾性分析,其中输尿管上段结石患者28例,肾结石42例,在全麻或者脊麻下进行手术治疗.结果 70例患者,手术时间45～ 88 min,平均手术时间(61.4-12.8)min,排石时间2～14d,平均排石时间(8.4±3.9)d,术后72h疼痛程度(VAS)评分2～7分,平均VAS评分(4.04±1.36)分,一次性手术成功碎石62例患者,碎石成功率88.57％(62/70).28例输尿管上段结石患者的手术时间、平均排石时间、术后疼痛发作程度VAS评分均显著的低于肾结石患者(P＜0.05);输尿管上段结石患者的碎石成功率92.86％(26/28)略高于肾结石患者的85.71％(36/42),但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石具有较好的临床效果及安全性.     

输尿管镜下钬激光治疗合并息肉的输尿管上段阴性结石（附60例报告）

目的探讨输尿管镜下钬激光治疗合并息肉的输尿管上段阴性结石的疗效。方法2008年1-12月采用输尿管镜下钬激光（美国科以人公司PowerSuite 20 W激光系统,光纤500μm）治疗合并息肉的输尿管上段阴性结石60例。经尿道输尿管镜直视下到达结石部位,采用钬激光腔内碎石治疗,同时消融息肉。结果手术时间15-70 min,平均21 min。60例息肉均一次治疗成功;除4例上段结石被冲入肾盂外,其余56例均单次原位碎石成功。术中未发生输尿管黏膜撕脱、输尿管穿孔、输尿管黏膜隧道等严重并发症。术后仅有轻微血尿,无低热、肾区疼痛等不适。60例随访3-12个月,平均5个月,均未发现结石残留及输尿管狭窄。结论输尿管镜下钬激光治疗合并息肉的输尿管上段阴性结石安全,疗效满意。