Recurrent episodes of perceptual alteration in patients treated with antipsychotic agents

Antipsychotics have been sporadically reported to induce the brief recurrent episodes characterized by hypersensitivity of the visual perception, which is known as paroxysmal perceptual alteration (PPA) mainly in Japan. PPA is characterized by hypersensitivity of perception mainly in visual modalities, which could occur in patients treated with antipsychotics. PPA is occasionally known to be accompanied by an oculogyric crisis (OGC). In this study, we examine the prevalence and the characteristics of patients with PPA. Three hundred thirty-eight patients who were treated with antipsychotics and diagnosed with schizophrenia, mood disorders, or neurotic disorders (International Classification of Disease, or ICD-10) were interviewed. We compared the characteristics between subjects with and without PPA. The mean overall prevalence of PPA was 3.25%, which was higher among patients treated with high-potency antipsychotics (3.91%) than in subjects treated with mid-potency or low-potency drugs (1.16%). PPA occurred simultaneously with OGC at the rate of 36.4%. We also found much similarity between PPA and OGC in terms of phenomenology. We suggest that PPA could manifest itself as an undesirable effect of antipsychotics, especially those of high potency. PPA and OGC may a share common underlying mechanism.     

一种新型蛋白缓释载体——两亲性壳聚糖衍生物的研究

目的:研究两亲性壳聚糖衍生物N-辛基-O, N-羟乙基壳聚糖(OGC)分子量和辛基取代度不同对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的负载及其释放行为的影响.方法:制备BSA-OGC纳米胶束;高速冷冻离心和荧光法测定包封率和载药量,并测定粒径、Zeta-电位;在PBS 7.4(37 ℃)中测定BSA-OGC纳米胶束的体外释放行为;用SDS-PAGE明胶电泳考察BSA在纳米胶束体外释放过程中的稳定性.结果:辛基取代度越高,BSA的包封率和载药量越小,且释放越慢;分子量对BSA的负载影响不大,但BSA的释放会随着分子量的增加而变慢;OGC可保证BSA在释放过程中的稳定性.结论:两亲性壳聚糖衍生物OGC可作为优良的蛋白缓释载体.     

Tardive oculogyric crisis during treatment with clozapine: report of three cases

Tardive oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a dystonic syndrome that starts after long-term use of dopamine receptor antagonists. Atypical antipsychotics have reduced liability for inducing tardive dystonia and show antidystonic properties in patients with pre-existing tardive dystonia. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug, and there have been case reports that clozapine may be an effective treatment for tardive dystonia. Surprisingly, we found that three patients appeared to develop tardive OGC while taking clozapine. The relationship between tardive OGC and clozapine is still unknown. However, it is possible that the previous antipsychotic exposure could have created a sensitising or priming effect on the striatum. Also, there are some suggestions of an underlying susceptibility and possibly a genetic predisposition, at least in some patients.     

The effect of intravenous disopyramide phosphate on recurrent paroxysmal tachycardias.

1 Reccurent paroxysmal atrial, atrioventricular and ventricular tachycardias in 50 patients without acute coronary insufficiency, heart failure or metabolic abnormlity were treated with disopyramide phosphate in a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight infused over 5 min. 2 Conversion to sinus rhythm within 10 min of the completed infusion occurred in 10 of 14 (71%) patients with paroxysmal 'lone' atrial fibrillation, 3 of 7 (43%) patients with paroxysmal atrial flutter, 6 of 9 (67%) patients with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, 5 of 9 (56%) patients with paroxysmal atrioventricular tachycardia associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and 8 of 11 (73%) patients with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. 3 Side effects: significant systemic hypotension in 3, high grade AV block in 1, an increased ventricular response producing symptoms in 4, post conversion asystole in 1 land sinus bradycardia in 2. 4 The anti-arrhythmic effect and arrhythmogenic side effects may be related to both the direct membrane stabilizing effect and the anticholinergic effect of disopyramide.     

Anticonvulsive effect of 2-hydroxylamine-5-ethyl-5-sec-pentyl barbituric acid (HB-7) in two experimental models of epilepsy

The effects of barbiturate HB-7 (2-hydroxylamine-5-ethyl-5-sec-pentylbarbituric acid) injected intraperitoneally compared to the effects of pentobarbital and/or phenobarbital were investigated in three series of experiments on cats: normal electrocorticogram (ECoG); pentylentetrazol-induced generalized paroxysmal ECoG; and paroxysmal ECoG activity induced by topical application of penicillin on the exposed cortical surface. In the first series, HB-7 led to the appearance of ECoG spindles of the same type as those elicited by pentobarbital. In the second series (pentylentetrazol-treated group), HB-7 increased the two thresholds: one associated with the appearance of isolated paroxysmal spike-wave complexes and the other corresponding to the appearance of generalized paroxysmal ECoG activity. In the third series, HB-7 led to an inhibition of penicillin spikes, both in the focus itself and in the other cortical areas where they propagated. The possibility for using HB-7 as an antiepileptic drug was discussed.     

12导联动态心电图监测阵发性房颤及其触发因素的临床分析

目的探讨12导联动态心电图监测阵发性房颤及其触发因素的临床应用价值。方法选取2010年1月～2012年12月在本院进行12导联动态心电图检查的患者2000例,采用GE公司生产的MAC1200心电图检测仪进行12导联同步心电图检查,自动监测阵发性房颤,分析其触发因素。结果2000例患者中12导联动态心电图检出阵发性房颤75例,检出率为3．75％,其中12导联常规心电图检出率为0．60％,心电监护检出率为0．50％,均明显低于12导联动态心电图的检出率,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。75例阵发性房颤患者有802次发作纳入研究。触发因素中房性期前收缩最多见,有714次,占89．03％,与其他各因素所占百分率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。阵发性房颤在夜间发作频率增加。结论12导联动态心电图可监测并明确诊断阵发性房颤,并明确其触发因素,为临床治疗提供参考依据。     

老年特发性阵发性心房颤动患者的动态心电图分析

目的 观察了解老年人特发性阵发性心房颤动与生理性退行性变的关系。方法采用动态心电图对36例无器质性病因的老年人阵发性心房颤动进行24h监测，并对阵发性心房颤动发作的时间、发生的频率、心率的变化、合并其他的心律失常进行统计。结果老年人阵发性心房颤动发作前后多并有心律失常，尤其是室上性心律失常占首位；大多数发作时心室率较慢；发作时间存在昼夜节律，有两个高峰和一个低谷。结论老年人特发性阵发性心房颤动与心房肌、房室交界区生理性退行性变有直接关系，也提示与迷走神经兴奋性的增高及隐匿性传导有关。     

补肾活血中药改善椎体成形术后临床症状48例

目的观察补肾活血中药对椎体成形术（PVP）后患者临床症状改善的促进作用。方法选择2009年2月至2011年8月确诊为骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者96例,均采用标准的PVP手术。A组（治疗组）口服补肾活血中药＋钙剂,B组（对照组）口服钙剂,分别于术后3,6,12个月应用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和Oswesty功能障碍指数（ODI）来评价患者疼痛改善及活动能力恢复情况。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,术后疼痛均得到迅速缓解。术后两组患者VAS评分、ODI评分均较术前有明显改善（p〈0. 05）。组间比较,术后3个月时VAS评分、ODI评分差异无显著性O〉0.05）,但术后6月及术后12月时A组疗效优于B组（P〈 0.05）。结论PVP是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有效方法。术后口服补肾活血中药可对患者的疼痛缓解起促进作用,随着用药时间的延长,作用越明显。     

马来酸桂哌齐特注射液联合比索洛尔治疗老年患者阵发性室上性心动过速

目的观察马来酸桂哌齐特注射液（克林澳）联合比索洛尔对老年阵发性室上性心动过速的临床疗效。方法对40例符合诊断的老年阵发性室上性心动过速患者,给予马来酸桂哌齐特注射液＋比索洛尔治疗14d,观察疗效。结果显效22例,有效15例,无效3例,总有效率92．5％,无明显不良反应。结论马来酸桂哌齐特注射液联合比索洛尔能有效终止阵发性室上性心动过速,无明显不良反应。     

瑞舒伐他汀治疗老年冠心病阵发性房颤的临床研究

目的：研究瑞舒伐他汀治疗老年冠心病阵发性房颤的疗效。方法：选取老年冠心病阵发性房颤患者96例,随机分为两组,对照组（46例）只应用常规治疗（硝酸酯类、控制心室率药物、抗凝药物）,观察组（50例）在常规治疗基础上给予瑞舒伐他汀10mg,每晚1次,比较治疗后6个月内两组患者阵发性房颤发作频率及转为持续性或永久性房颤的发生率。结果：观察组与对照组的治疗总有效率分别为74.0%和52.4%,均大于50%,两组疗效比较,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;观察组阵发性房颤再次发作8例（16.0%）,明显低于对照组15例（32.6%,P〈0.05）;转为持续性或永久性房颤2例（10.0%）,明显低于对照组6例（13.0%,P〈0.05）。结论：瑞舒伐他汀可有效治疗老年冠心病阵发性房颤。     

Cardiac arrhythmias after phenylpropanolamine ingestion

Physicians and pharmacists should be alerted to the potential adverse effects of phenylpropanolamine-containing products, which may include exaggerated hypertensive effects, arrhythmias (premature ventricular and atrial contractions together with paroxysmal ventricular or atrial tachycardia), psychotic reactions, and neurologic effects (grand mal seizures and intracerebral hemorrhage). A case of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in a woman, after the ingestion of diet pills containing phenylpropanolamine and caffeine is reported.     

普罗帕酮治疗阵发性心动过速的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨普罗帕酮治疗阵发性心动过速的临床疗效。方法：临床统计了80例阵发性心动过速患者,给予吸氧、心脏监护和普罗帕酮口服治疗,观察口服普罗帕酮的量以及起效的时间,统计普罗帕酮治疗阵发性心动过速的有效率,记录患者的不良反应。结果：经过口服普罗帕酮治疗,80例阵发性心动过速患者中,用药后40min内起效21例,占总病例数的26.25%;用药后40～60min内起效有45例,占总病例数的56.25%;用药后60min以上起效14例,占总病例数的17.5%。结论：普罗帕酮可以快速有效地治疗阵发性心动过速,治疗当中的不良反应较少。     

改良Epley复位法联合倍他司丁治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕

目的:探讨改良Epley复位法联合倍他司汀治疗后半规管性良性阵发性位置性眩晕(posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,PC-BPPV)的疗效.方法:单侧PC-BPPV患者88例,随机分为治疗组42例、对照组46例.治疗组使用改良Epley复位法,在此基础上加服倍他司汀,每次6 mg,每日3次,连续服用1个月.对照组在就诊当日视患者耐受程度及病情缓解情况给予改良Epley手法复位1次.结果:1个月后评价两组疗效,治疗组较对照组相比,有效率明显改善,P＜0.05.结论:手法复位联合倍他司丁治疗BPPV有相互补充的作用,效果好,值得推广应用.     

动态心电图在阵发性心房颤动患者中的应用观察

目的分析阵发性心房颤动患者的动态心电图,总结阵发性房颤的主要规律。方法通过动态心电图对60例阵发性心房颤动患者进行24 h监测,并总结阵发性心房颤动的发作时间、发作频率、心率变化及其他心律失常情况。结果冠心病患者更易患上阵发性房颤。阵发性房颤检出率和年龄呈正相关,因此,老年组检出率最高（66.67%）,并和其他两组相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。另外,阵发性房颤有明显的昼夜节律。在发作过程中,老年患者心室率比较缓慢;发作前后大部分患者伴有其他心律失常。结论引起阵发性心房颤动的因素是心房本身的病变与机体内的调节因素。这说明该病和触发急性心血管事件的相关生理过程类似。     

射频消融术治疗56例阵发性室上性心动过速的护理

目的：探讨射频消融术治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的护理方法。方法：对56例阵发性室上性心动过速患者在应用射频消融术治疗过程中给予包括心理护理、术前准备、术中观察、术后护理、预防并发症等护理措施。结果：56例患者中,消融成功54例,成功率为96.4%。其中2例因频繁发作行第2次射频消融术,术后未再复发。结论：射频消融术是治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的有效手段之一,认真细致地做好射频消融术的护理对提高手术成功率、确保护理质量、减少术后并发症、促进患者康复具有极其重要的意义。     

儿童非癫痫发作性疾病134例分析

目的探讨儿童发作性疾病的临床与痫样放电的关系。方法对134例发作性疾病患儿的临床资料和动态脑电图检查结果进行分析。结果脑电图非特异性异常率为23.9%,痫样放电检出率为9.7%。结论动态脑电图对发作性疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

心房不同部位起搏对阵发房颤患者心房激动时间的影响

目的　比较右心耳 (RAA)、冠状窦远端 (DCS)、右房双部位 (右心耳加冠状窦口 ,DSA)和双房 (右心耳加冠状窦远端 ,BiA)起搏对阵发房颤 (PAf)患者心房激动时间的影响。方法 2 2例接受心脏电生理评价试验的PAf患者在窦性心律下行心房不同部位起搏 ,同步记录 12 -导心电图 ,测量最大P波时限。结果与窦性P波时限相比 ,RAA起搏明显延长P波时限 (P <0 0 1) ,DCS、DSA及BiA起搏则明显缩短P波时限 (P <0 0 1)结论DCS、DSA及BiA起搏明显缩短心房激动时间 ,减少心房电活动的离散度 ,有利于PAf的防治     

疏血通治疗慢性肺心病并发阵发性房颤的效果和 安全性观察

目的 探讨疏血通注射液治疗慢性肺源性心脏病（肺心病）并发阵发性房颤的临床疗效及安全性。方法 将 91 例慢性肺心病并发阵发性房颤患者随机分为治疗组 45 例和对照组 46 例, 对照组在常规治疗（吸氧、 祛痰、 平喘） 的基础上给予氯吡格雷 75 mg 口服, 治疗组在对照组基础上加用生理盐水 250 mL+疏血通 6 mL 静脉滴注,均 1 次/d, 应用 14 d。检测 48 h 内阵发性房颤转复为窦性心律的时间; 用药 48 h 及 14 d 时阵发性房颤转复窦性心律维持例数; 于治疗前及治疗 14 d 时采用胶体金法检测 D-二聚体（D-Dimer）, 并监测肝、 肾功能及药物不良反应。结果 治疗组在 48 h 内阵发性房颤转复为窦性心律的时间与对照组差异无统计学意义（h： 12.62±2.32 vs 13.32± 2.25, t=1.461）; 治疗组用药 48 h 及 14 d 时阵发性房颤转复窦性心律维持率分别是 86.67%（39/45）、 82.22%（37/45）,均高于对照组的 69.56%（32/46）、 60.87%（28/46）。治疗 14 d 时, 治疗组 D-Dimer[(2.05±0.34)mg/L]较治疗前[(2.61± 0.27)mg/L]降低, 且低于对照组[(2.53±0.31)mg/L] （均 P＜0.05）。2 组治疗期间均未出现肝、 肾功能异常, 且均未发生不良反应。结论 疏血通注射液联合氯吡格雷口服可防治慢性肺心病患者阵发性房颤的复发, 降低血栓栓塞的风险, 安全有效。     

内源性儿茶酚胺的测定在嗜铬细胞瘤诊断中的应用

嗜铬细胞瘤是继发性高血压的一种,这种肿瘤持续或间断地释放大量儿茶酚胺,引起持续性或阵发性高血压伴交感神经兴奋,以及多个器官功能和代谢紊乱。内源性儿茶酚胺及其代谢产物的测定成为目前嗜铬细胞瘤诊断的重要方法。本文对目前国内外测定内源性儿茶酚胺类物质及其代谢物的方法用于诊断嗜铬细胞瘤的现状作一综述。     

阵发性室上性心动过速合并高血压患者颈动脉超声检查的意义

目的探讨阵发性室上性心动过速合并高血压患者颈动脉超声检查的意义。方法应用高频彩色多普勒超声对120例阵发性室上性心动过速合并高血压患者行颈动脉超声检查,测量颈动脉血管内径、内一中膜厚度。选取113例单纯性高血压患者为对照组。结果阵发性室上性心动过速合并高血压患者的颈动脉斑块检出率、内一中膜增厚率分别为82．5％和75．4％,与单纯高血压组的30．7％和41．3％比较,差异有统计学意义;在左、右侧内一中膜厚度方面,前者分别为（0．96±0．13）mm．和（0．98±0．10）mm,与单纯高血压组的（0．68±0．07）mm和（0．70±0．08）mm比较,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）;在左、右侧颈总动脉内径方面,前者分别为（0．77±0．12）mm和（0．73±0．10）mm,与单纯高血压组的（0．68±0．06）mm和（0．69±0．07）mm比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。结论阵发性室上性心动过速合并高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生率增高。