肺炎支原体的三种检测方法的比较

目的比较肺炎支原体(MP)的三种检测方法在呼吸道感染患儿不同年龄、病程中的应用价值。方法 193例呼吸道感染患儿,均行MP咽拭子快速培养、血清酶联免疫吸附试验MP-IgM半定量检测和痰MP-DNA-PCR检测,对检查结果进行对照分析。结果 193例患儿中,MP咽拭子快速培养和血清MP-IgM半定量检测检出MP阳性各47例(MP阳性率24.35%),痰MP-DNA-PCR法检出MP阳性8例(MP阳性率4.15%%)。咽拭子快速培养法和痰MP-DNA-PCR法检测不同年龄段患儿MP感染的阳性率无差异;年龄越大,血清MP-IgM检测法检测阳性率越高。三种方法检测不同病程阶段MP感染阳性率均无差别。结论联合采用上述三种方法可以提高MP感染的检出率。     

三种检测方法在新生儿梅毒筛查中的比较

目的 探讨适合新生儿梅毒筛查的方法.方法 用甲苯胺红不加热血清实验(TRUST)、双抗原夹心酶联免疫法(ELISA)与梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)对420份新生儿的临床血清标本进行检测.结果 420份标本中TRUST、ELISA、TPPA的阳性率分别为2.38％、3.33％、3.57％.ELISA与TPPA的符合率为93.3％,TRUST与TPPA的符合率为66.7％.相比而言,TRUST诊断的差异性比较大.结论 几种检测方法联合检测时可提高梅毒诊断的准确性和检测率,以防漏诊或误诊.对于及早地诊断和治疗新生儿梅毒至关重要.     

Sensitivity and specificity of three methods of detecting adverse drug reactions

The sensitivity and specificity of three methods of detecting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were determined. Minimal use of a voluntary ADR reporting program prompted this investigation of three ADR detection methods, as follows: screening of laboratory reports, pharmacist screening of medication orders, and voluntary reporting. A total of 98 patients who were receiving oral or i.v. digoxin therapy, oral or i.v. theophylline therapy, or i.v. gentamicin therapy were randomly selected and monitored for possible ADRs. A physician reviewed the charts of patients with suspected ADRs using the Naranjo algorithm to assess causality. The chart review served as the reference method to which the other three methods were compared. Thirteen "true" (i.e., confirmed by the Naranjo algorithm) ADRs were identified in 11 different patient charts, resulting in a 13.3% ADR incidence rate for the 98 sampled patients. For the three ADR detection methods, the decreasing order for level of sensitivity was screening of laboratory reports, pharmacist screening of medication orders, and voluntary reports; however, only the difference between laboratory reports and voluntary reports was significant. For level of specificity, the decreasing order for the three methods was voluntary reports, pharmacist screening of medication orders, and pharmacist screening of laboratory reports; the differences among all three methods were significant. Screening of laboratory reports and pharmacist screening of medication orders are two detection methods that appear to exhibit an appropriate combination of sensitivity and specificity for identifying ADRs; trials with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the results of this study.     

Assessing calcium antagonism on vascular smooth muscle: A comparison of three methods

Three methods relying on depolarization-induced contraction of rabbit aortic rings were compared. The effects of hyperosmolarity induced by adding KCI to the bath and of a lowered NaCI concentration due to an exchange of NaCI for KCl were assessed. A dihydropyridine derivative (PY 108-068) and verapamil were used as antagonists. For the first method, 50.3 mM KCI was either added to the bath to reach a final concentration of 55 mM, or KCl was exchanged for NaCI to keep the bath isoosmotic. We found a noncompetitive antagonism and the results obtained from cumulative concentration-response curves appeared to be based on the slow tonic contraction. For the second method, the rings were suspended in a calcium-free Krebs-Henseleit (KH) or TRIS bath solution containing also 55 mM of KCl and calcium was added as an agonist. We found a competitive inhibition of the calcium effects. The slope of the Schild Plot was, however, −1.3 for PY 108-068 and −0.5 for verapamil. Very high concentrations of calcium had relaxant effects and thus distorted the results. For the third method, the rings were contracted by KCl and then relaxed by adding the calcium antagonist to the bath. Isoosmotic solution and solution made hyperosmotic with sucrose were also used. Hyperosmolarity by itself contributed to the tension development. In hyperosmolar solution, the calcium antagonists appeared to be less active. Such bath conditions can therefore considerably bias the results. The first and the second method, in combination with experiments using receptor stimulating agents such as noradrenaline, appear to be most suitable for investigating calcium antagonists on blood vessels.     

XN-3000血液分析仪三种方法检测低值血小板结果比较

目的 观察XN-3000血液分析仪电阻抗法(PLT-I)和激光染色法(使用荧光染料PLT-O法和使用核酸荧光染料PLT-F法)检测低值血小板(PLT)的准确性.方法 采用PLT-I、PLT-O、PLT-F和手工法检测2015年12月至2016年5月铜陵市人民医院住院患者118例低值PLT样本,按手工法结果分为四组:PLT≤15×109·L-1组21例、15×109·L-10.05);相关性分析比较,PLT-F与手工法结果相关系数(r=0.9957)高于PLT-I与手工法相关系数(r=0.9409)、PLT-O与手工法相关系数(r=0.9623).结论 XN-3000血液分析仪的3种方法检测低值PLT相比较,PLT-F与手工法结果最接近,方法准确性最高.     

三种方法治疗肩周炎90例疗效比较

目的 比较肩周炎患者采用三种不同治疗方法的疗效。方法 选择90例肩周炎患者，随机分为三组，每组30例，各组条件基本一致，采用三种不同方法，进行疗效比较。A组口服消炎镇痛药芬必得每次0．6g，每日2次，通经活血药盘龙七每次0．6g，每日3次，10d为1个疗程；汽化药热疗，每日1次，10d为1个疗程。功能锻炼，每日数次。B组肩胛上神经阻滞（1％利多卡因10ml＋醋酸强的松龙25mg＋维生素B1 100mg＋维生素B12 500μg），口服盘龙七＋汽化药热疗＋功能锻炼。C组肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞（1％利多卡因10m1），待阻滞完善后行手法松解肩关节的粘连，松解粘连后采用痛点阻滞（2％利多卡因2ml＋醋酸强的松龙25mg＋维生素B1 100mg＋维生素B12 500μg），口服盘龙七＋功能锻炼。结果 三组治愈率：A组13％，B组66％，C组93％。C组明显优于A、B组（P〈0．05）。结论 综合疗法是治疗肩周炎较理想的治疗方法。     

支原体肺炎临床特征的研究

目的 观察13例支原体肺炎患者临床特征及胸部影像学改变。方法对13例因发热住院的患者分别应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测咽漱液中常见上呼吸道病原体DNA,应用免疫荧光法检测血清中常见上呼吸道病原体IgM抗体;同时进行胸部X线和CT检查。结果13例患者肺炎支原体．IgM抗体阳性,临床主要表现为发热和干咳,胸部X线片表现为小片状密度增高影,cT表现为两肺多发或单发性斑片状密度增高影,仅1例呈大片状模糊影。阿齐霉素治疗效果较好。结论支原体肺炎有一定的传染性,临床症状较重,但体征缺乏特异性,胸部CT扫描较普通X线胸片更易发现病灶,血清IgM抗体检查有助于支原体肺炎的临床诊断。     

精索静脉曲张三种手术方法的比较

目的探讨不同术式对精索静脉曲张的疗效及最佳方法。方法回顾性分析自2000年以来采用腹腔镜下(A组)、腹股沟(B组)、腹膜后(C组)高位结扎精索静脉曲张共287例,并对其疗效进行比较、分析。结果287例手术均获成功,在手术时间及住院时间中A组与B、C组有统计学差异(P<0.01);三组在出血量、复发率方面进行统计学分析后无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术在精索静脉曲张手术治疗中具有明显优势,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,尤其适于双侧精索静脉及开放手术复发者。     

阿奇霉素注射液含量测定的3种方法及比较

目的:运用3种含量测定方法测定阿奇霉素注射剂的含量,并比较其精确性、回收率和适用性。方法：采用微生物法,硫酸呈色分光光度法,四苯硼钠沉淀剩余滴定法对3个批号的产品测定。结果：3种方法结果一致,但微生物时间长,不适于半成品含量测定。结论：用四苯硼钠法测定半成品含量,用微生物法测定成品含量。     

应用超高倍显微诊断系统活体检测支原体的临床价值

目的 探讨应用超高倍显微诊断分析系统(multimedia diagnostic instrument,MDI)活体检测泌尿生殖道支原体的临床价值。方法 应用MDI活体检查法与传统培养法同时检测标本,比较两种方法的诊断符合率、阳性检出率,并对检测结果采用X^2检验进行比较。结果 对2300例疑似患者的泌尿生殖道标本进行了检测,MDI活体检测、传统培养法的阳性检出率分别29．17％和21、74％,两种方法的阴,阳性诊断符合率分别为87,00％和83,40％。两种方法检验结果经X^2检验比较无显著性差异(P＜0．05)。结论 MDI活体检查法可以快速清晰地观察支原体,并与传统培养法结果比较一致,可视为一种快速,简便的支原体检测新方法。     

三种方法检验盐酸左旋咪唑片剂含量的方法比较

目的 筛选比较各国药典中盐酸左旋咪唑片含量测定方法的优异.方法 利用重现实验和回收实验重点考查<中国药典>和<印度药典>所采用的高氯酸非水滴定方法和<美国药典>采用的高效液相梯度洗脱方法.结果 <中国药典>方法回收率为100.09%(RSD=3.66%);<印度药典>方法回收率为96.13%(RSD=0.86%);<...     

Bench testing of nebulizers: a comparison of three methods.

Although nebulizers can vary widely in performance, there is no uniformly accepted method for bench testing these devices. In the present study, we compared three bench methods of measuring the performance of three commercial jet nebulizers (Whisper Jet [WJ; Marquest Medical, Englewood, CO], Sidestream [SS; Marquest Medical], and Vixone [VO; Westmed, Tucson, AZ] to assess the impact of the method of testing on reported nebulizer performance. Each nebulizer was charged with 3 mL of albuterol mixed with a radiotracer (technetium [99mTc]), and the radioactivity captured on a paper filter was expressed as a percentage of the nebulizer charge (% delivered). The nebulizers were tested with and without duplication of spontaneous respiration by a piston pump (spontaneous respiration and standing cloud methods, respectively). The nebulizers were also tested using a model of mechanical ventilation (mechanical ventilation method). For all three devices, the addition of the standardized breathing pattern significantly reduced the % delivered with all three nebulizers compared with the standing cloud method. For the standing cloud method, the presence of the T-piece/mouth-piece significantly reduced the % delivered with the WJ but not with the other two devices. The mechanical ventilation method had the lowest % delivered for all three devices. The magnitude of the differences between nebulizers varied with duration of treatment. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of bench testing that duplicates intended clinical usage, because significant differences in nebulizer performance may be manifested under certain clinical conditions but not under others.     

3种不同方法检测梅毒的结果比较

目的探讨3种不同方法检测梅毒的结果比较情况。方法分析笔者所在医院检验科检测疑似梅毒血液标本600例,分别通过3种检测方法进行测定。结果 TPPA法和ELISA法的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值结果均高于TRUST法,但是二者与临床诊断结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 3种不同方法检测梅毒均有各自特点,应根据实际情况进行联合诊断,提高临床诊断准确率。     

RNA extraction for quantitative enterovirus RT-PCR: comparison of three methods

Quantification of virus-like RNA sequences in biological fluids, like serum and cerebrospinal fluid, requires an RNA extraction method that is both reproducible and fast. Three RNA extraction methods were tested on enteroviruses: (1) the acid guanidine thiocyanate-phenol/chloroform (AGPC) method; (2) a method based on differential precipitation of the RNA and (3) a 'bind-wash-elute' system based on silica-gel membrane binding. The latter two methods yielded a comparable detection limit as measured by RT-PCR ELISA. The detection limit for the AGPC method was 10 times higher. The relative standard deviation for the bind-wash-elute method (3%) was superior to that of the other methods tested (both 20%) and provides a reliable and fast method to extract (viral) RNA from biological fluids for quantification by RT-PCR.     

Guinea pig sensitization assays: An experimental comparison of three methods

Purpose: Guinea pig sensitization assays provide a critical tool in toxicological testing. Here, we investigate the relative sensitivities of the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT), the Open Epicutaneous Test (OET), and the Buehler test on seven common compounds.

Methods: Seven compounds (formalin, nickel sulfate, 2-benzothiazolethiol, neomycin sulfate, potassium dichromate, ethylenediamine, dihydrochloride, and cinnamyl alcohol) were investigated on 15 guinea pigs per assay. Differences between each assay were investigated individually for each compound in question, and cumulative comparisons were also performed.

Results: Cumulatively, differences in rates of sensitization between the GPMT and OET did not reach statistical significance; however, both tests produced higher sensitization rates than the Buehler test (1% significance level). Comparisons for individual compounds are outlined within the main text.

Conclusions: Our results indicate a possible role for the OET in the testing of weakly allergenic compounds. Similarly, the Buehler test may hold greatest utility in the examination of strongly allergenic compounds, where high sensitivity is not necessary and limited exposure to subjects is desired. These findings may help guide experimental protocols and considerations.     

儿童肺炎支原体肺炎研究进展

肺炎支原体（MP）已经成为儿童呼吸道感染比较常见的感染原,肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）在儿童中的发病率有逐年增加的趋势。迄今MPP的发病机制仍不十分清楚,除了MP引起组织的直接损害外,MP引起机体的免疫反应是目前国内外学者研究的热点。 MPP引起患儿免疫功能的变化,易发生混合感染,引起肺外的并发症。MPP的治疗应采用综合治疗措施,尤其是随着重症支原体肺炎及难治性支原体肺炎病例的增多。     

1358例儿童肺炎支原体的检测分析

目的：探讨肺炎支原体在儿童中的分布情况。方法选取来本院就诊的1358例患儿作为研究对象,采用金标免疫渗滤分析原理定性测定人血清中的肺炎支原体IgM抗体。结果在1358例患儿中,肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性435例,其中约1岁者26例(10%),1~3岁者170例(39%),3~6岁者167例(42%),跃6岁者72例(28%)。在不同季节患儿的肺炎支原体抗体检测中,春季有138例(41%),夏季有59例(22%),秋季有164例(38%),冬季有87例(27%)。不同性别的儿童之间,男性肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性者208例(31%),女性肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性者234例(33%)。结论肺炎支原体在1~6岁的儿童中发病率较高,春秋季节阳性率显著高于夏冬季节,而性别之间无差异。     

A comparative study of some methods of detecting ovulation

Ovulation detection is important in fertility control or promotion. This study compares 2 methods of ovulation detection, Basal Body Temperature (BBT) and calorimetric readings of urine by Sevag and Colton's method, in 70 healthy unmarried medical students (17 to 25 years old) from the G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur. The girls were thoroughly instructed in BBT record maintenance, including a record of dates of occurrence of intermenstrual abdominal pain and appearance of vaginal discharge of clear slippery mucus. Sevag and Colton's method for detecting day of ovulation involved chemical examination of urine collected between 11 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. for successive nights. Ovulation day in all cycles fell within the 6th to 18th day range. Both methods gave similar results in range and distribution of ovulatory days and incidence of ovulatory/anovulatory cycles. Both methods found 88.6% of total cycles to be anovulatory. Occurrence of intermenstrual pain and appearance of characteristic vaginal mucus discharge occurred in 5.7% and 20% of ovulatory cycles, if these phenomena are taken as criteria for ovulation. Ovulation day occurred within the range of 8th to 15th day in 91.4% of ovulatory cycles in the chemical method and in 89.8% of ovulatory cycles in the BBT method. The study shows that ovulation detection by either chemical examination of urine or BBT record has some degree of reliability, but intermenstrual pain or characteristic vaginal mucus discharge have limited value.